GEOMETRY – CHAPTER 8 STUDY GUIDE NAME: _______________________

DAY 0—8.1(a) The Pythagorean Theorem

OBJECTIVES:
• Determine whether a given set of numbers is a Pythagorean Triple.
• Calculate the measure of a side of a right triangle using the Pythagorean Theorem.
BELL-RINGER: The triangles are similar. Find the value of each variable.

10
9 6
y
8

V V

In a ______________ triangle,
the sum of the squares of the __________
is _____________ _______ the square of the length of the
c
_______________________ . a

PYTHAGOREAN TRIPLE:
__________________________________________________________

EXAMPLE:

1) Find the length of the hypotenuse of ⊿𝐴𝐵𝐶.

Do the lengths of the sides form a Pythagorean triple? B

21

A C
20
 20
2) Find the value of 𝑥. Leave your answer in simplest radical form. 8

3) A baseball diamond is a square with 90-ft sides. Home plate and second base are at opposite vertices of the
square. About how far is home plate from second base?

4) A painter leans a 15-ft ladder against a house. The base of the ladder is 5 ft from the house.
a. To the nearest tenth of a foot, how high on the house does the ladder reach?

b. The ladder in part (a) reaches too high on the house. By how much should the painter move the
ladder’s base away from the house to lower the top by 1 ft?

TRY IT:
B
1) Find the value of 𝑥. Leave your answer in simplest radical form.

𝑥
12

C A
10

2) A right triangle has legs of length 16 and 30. Find the length of the hypotenuse.
Do the lengths of the sides form a Pythagorean triple?
PRACTICE/HOMEWORK 8-1 (p. 420, #1-15):
Find the value of 𝒙.
1) 2) 3)

4) 5) 6)

Does each set of numbers form a Pythagorean triple? Explain.

7) 4, 5, 6 8) 10, 24, 26 9) 15, 20, 25

Find the value of 𝒙. Leave your answer in simplest radical form.

10) 11) 12)
13) 14) 15)

DAY 1—8.1(a) Pythagorean Theorem Practice

OBJECTIVES:
• Determine whether a given set of numbers is a Pythagorean Triple.
• Calculate the measure of a side of a right triangle using the Pythagorean Theorem.
(Kuta) Pythagorean Theorem Practice Worksheet.

DAY 2—8.1(b) Converse of the Pythagorean Theorem

OBJECTIVES:
• Determine whether a given set of numbers is a Pythagorean Triple.
• Calculate the measure of a side of a right triangle using the Pythagorean Theorem.
• Classify triangles as right, obtuse, or acute, using the triangle side lengths.
BELL-RINGER: Find a third whole number so that the three numbers form a Pythagorean triple.

14, 48, ______

If the ______________ of the length of one ________ of the triangle

is equal to the sum of the squares of the
__________ of the other _______ __________,
then the triangle is a _________ _______________ .
_______________________ .
 EXAMPLES:
85
1) Is this triangle a right triangle? 13
84

2) A triangle has sides of lengths 16, 48, and 50. Is the triangle a right triangle?

TRY IT:
1) Is this triangle a right triangle? 2) Is this triangle a right triangle?

7m 65
4m 33
56
6m

𝑐2 𝑎2 + 𝑏2
________________ Triangle

𝑐2 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 𝑐 2 𝑎2 + 𝑏2
________________ Triangle ________________ Triangle

EXAMPLES:
3) Classify the triangle whose side lengths are 6, 11, and 14 as acute, obtuse, or right.

4) A triangle has sides of lengths 7, 8, and 9. Classify the triangle by its angles.
TRY IT: The numbers represent the lengths of the sides of a triangle.
Classify each triangle as acute, obtuse, or right.
a. 15, 20, 25

b. 10, 15, 20

Practice Worksheet 8.1.

DAY 3—8.2(a) Special Right Triangles

OBJECTIVES:
• Classify a right triangle as 45-45-90.
• Calculate the measure of a side of a special right triangle using the 45-45-90 Theorem.
BELL-RINGER: Use the Pythagorean Theorem to verify the following side lengths form a right triangle.

√2, √2, 2

𝟒𝟓° − 𝟒𝟓° − 𝟗𝟎° TRIANGLE THEOREM

V V

In a 45° − 45° − 90° triangle,

both _____________ are _____________________
and the length of the ________________________ is √2 times the
length of a leg.
45°
𝑠√2 s

45°
s
EXAMPLES: Find the value of each variable.
1) 2)

9 𝑥
6
45° 45°
h

3) Find the length of a leg of a 45°-45°-90° triangle with a hypotenuse of length 10.

TRY IT:
1) 2) 𝑥

2√2 45° 45°

𝑥
22

Apply It! A high school softball diamond is a square. The distance from base to base is 60 ft.
To the nearest foot, how far does a catcher throw the ball from home plate to second base?
(The distance d from home plate to second base is the length of the hypotenuse of a 45°-45°-90° triangle.)
Apply It! The distance from one corner to the opposite corner of a square playground is 96 ft.
To the nearest foot, how long is each side of the playground?

PRACTICE/HOMEWORK 8-2(a) (p. 428, #1-8):

1) 2) 3)

4) 5) 6)

7) You are designing dinnerware.

What is the length of a side of the smallest square plate on which a 20-cm chopstick can fit along a diagonal
without any overhang? Round your answer to the nearest tenth of a centimeter.

8) The four blades of a helicopter meet at right angles and are all the same length. The distance between the tips of
two adjacent blades is 36 ft.
How long is each blade? Round your answer to the nearest tenth.
DAY 4—8.2(a) 45°-45°-90° Practice
OBJECTIVES:
• Classify a right triangle as 45-45-90.
• Calculate the measure of a side of a special right triangle using the 45-45-90 Theorem.

45°-45°-90° Practice Worksheet.

DAY 5—8.2(b) Special Right Triangles

OBJECTIVES:
• Classify a right triangle as 30-60-90.
• Calculate the measure of a side of a special right triangle using the 30-60-90 Theorem.

BELL-RINGER: Use the Pythagorean Theorem to verify the following side lengths form a right triangle.

2, 4, 2√3

𝟑𝟎° − 𝟔𝟎° − 𝟗𝟎° TRIANGLE THEOREM

V V

V V

In a 30° − 60° − 90° triangle,

the length of the ________________________ is
30°
2 times the length of the _______________ leg.
2s 𝑠√3
The length of the ______________ leg is
60°
√3 times the length of the shorter leg. s

EXAMPLES: Find the value of each variable.

1)
d 5

f
 2) Find the value of x. 3) Find the value of h.
18
18

TRY IT: Find the value of each variable.

y
1) 30° 2)
x 7
8
60°

Apply It! The moose warning sign at the right is an equilateral triangle. The height of the sign is 1 m.
(a) Find the length s of each side of the sign to the nearest tenth of a meter.

(b) If the sides of the sign are 1 m long, what is the height?
PRACTICE/HOMEWORK 8-2(b) (p. 428, #9-15):

9) 10) 11)

12) 13) 14)

15) An escalator lifts people to the second floor, 25 ft above the first floor. The escalator rises at a 30° angle.
How far does a person travel from the bottom to the top of the escalator?
DAY 6—8.2(b) 30°-60°-90° Practice
OBJECTIVES:
• Classify a right triangle as 30-60-90.
• Calculate the measure of a side of a special right triangle using the 30-60-90 Theorem.
BELL-RINGER: Error Analysis: Sandra drew the triangle below. Sally said that the lengths couldn’t be correct.
With which student do you agree? Explain.

5√3 5

10

30°-60°-90° Practice Worksheet.

DAY 7— 8.1 – 8.2 Practice Test

OBJECTIVES:
• Determine whether a given set of numbers is a Pythagorean Triple.
• Calculate the measure of a side of a right triangle using the Pythagorean Theorem.
• Classify triangles as right, obtuse, or acute, using the triangle side lengths.
• Classify a right triangle as 30-60-90 or 45-45-90.
• Calculate the measure of a side of a special right triangle using the 30-60-90 or 45-45-90 Theorem(s).

8.1 – 8.2 Practice Test.

DAY 8— 8.1 – 8.2 Practice Test Review
OBJECTIVES:
• Determine whether a given set of numbers is a Pythagorean Triple.
• Calculate the measure of a side of a right triangle using the Pythagorean Theorem.
• Classify triangles as right, obtuse, or acute, using the triangle side lengths.
• Classify a right triangle as 30-60-90 or 45-45-90.
• Calculate the measure of a side of a special right triangle using the 30-60-90 or 45-45-90 Theorem(s).

Test Review & Review Activity.

DAY 9— 8.1 – 8.2 Test
OBJECTIVES:
• Determine whether a given set of numbers is a Pythagorean Triple.
• Calculate the measure of a side of a right triangle using the Pythagorean Theorem.
• Classify triangles as right, obtuse, or acute, using the triangle side lengths.
• Classify a right triangle as 30-60-90 or 45-45-90.
• Calculate the measure of a side of a special right triangle using the 30-60-90 or 45-45-90 Theorem(s).

8.1 – 8.2 Test.

DAY 10—8.3 The Tangent Ratio
OBJECTIVES:
TRIGONOMETRY:

• Determine side lengths in triangles using tangent ratios. “Triangle Measurement”

• Calculate the measure of a given angle using the inverse of tangent.
BELL-RINGER: Write in each missing side length.
𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐶
Then, find the ratios , , . Round answers to the nearest hundredth.
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶

C B
30°

SOH CAH TOA

𝐓𝐀𝐍𝐆𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐑𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎
V V

For every pair of ___________________ angles,

there is a family of _______________ right triangles.
The ratio is ________________ no matter the size of the triangle.
B
Leg
opposite
∠𝐴

A Leg adjacent
C
to ∠𝐴

EXAMPLE:
1) Write the tangent ratios for ∠𝑇 and ∠𝑈. U
5
tan 𝑇 = = = 3

T V
4
tan 𝑈 = = =
TRY IT:
(a) Write the tangent ratios for ∠𝐾 and ∠𝐽.

J tan 𝐾 =

3
tan 𝐽 =
L K
7

(b) How is tan 𝐾 related to tan 𝐽?

EXAMPLES:
Find the value of w to the nearest tenth using the tangent of the given degree.
10
2) 54° 3)
w
57° 33°

Apply It! To measure the height of a tree, Alma walked 125 ft from the tree and measured a 32° angle from the ground to
the top of the tree. Estimate the height of the tree.
 𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐈𝐍𝐕𝐄𝐑𝐒𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐀𝐍𝐆𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐑𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎
If you know the tangent ratio for an ___________,
you can use the _______________ of tangent ratio
to find the measure of _______________.
tan−1 ( )

EXAMPLE:
4) Find 𝑚∠𝑌 to the nearest degree. P 100 T

41

TRY IT:
1) Find 𝑚∠𝑋 to the nearest degree. 2) Find 𝑚∠𝑅 to the nearest degree.
R
H

6 10
41
10
B X
8
S 47 T

PRACTICE/HOMEWORK 8-3 (p. 434-435, #2-16 evens):

2) Write the tangent ratios for ∠𝑨 and ∠𝑩.
(4-8) Find the value of x to the nearest tenth.
4) 6) 8)

10) To find the distance from the boathouse on shore to the cabin on the island, a surveyor measures from the
boathouse to point X as shown. He then finds 𝑚∠𝑋 with an instrument called a transit.
Use the surveyor’s measurements to find the distance from the boathouse to the cabin.

(12-16) Find the value of x to the nearest degree.

12) 14) 16)
 DAY 11—8.4(a) Sine Ratio
OBJECTIVES:
TRIGONOMETRY:
• Determine side lengths in triangles using sine ratio. “Triangle Measurement”
• Calculate the measure of a given angle using sin-1.

BELL-RINGER: Find
(a) the length of the leg opposite ∠𝐵, and
(b) the ratio of the length of the leg opposite to the length of the hypotenuse.

SOH CAH TOA

SINE RATIO
V V

B
Leg
opposite
∠𝑨

A Leg adjacent
C
to ∠𝐴

EXAMPLES:
1) Use the triangle to write each ratio.

G sin 𝑇 = =
17
8
sin 𝐺 = =
T R
15

2) Find the length x of the leg to the nearest tenth.

65°

x
TRY IT:
1) Write the sine ratios for ∠𝑋 and ∠𝑌. 2) Use the triangle to find sin T and sin G.

G
20 12

T R
16

Apply It! A 20-ft wire supporting a flagpole forms a 35° angle with the flagpole.
To the nearest foot, what is the distance on the ground between the wire and the flagpole?

𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐈𝐍𝐕𝐄𝐑𝐒𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐒𝐈𝐍 𝐑𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎

If you know _________ and ________________ lengths,
you can use the _____________ of sine
to find the measures of _____________.
sin−1 ( )

EXAMPLE: Find 𝑚∠𝐿 to the nearest degree.

TRY IT: Find the value of x. Round your answer to the nearest degree.

10 6.5

𝑥°

PRACTICE/HOMEWORK 8-4(a) (p. 441, #1-4, 7, 8, 9, 11, 15):

Write the ratio for sin M.
1) 2) 3)

Find the value of x. Round answers to the nearest tenth.

4) g 7)

8) 9)

Find the value of x. Round answers to the nearest degree.

11) 15)
 DAY 12—8.4(b) Cosine Ratio
OBJECTIVES:
TRIGONOMETRY:
• Determine side lengths in triangles using cosine ratio. “Triangle Measurement”
• Calculate the measure of a given angle using cos-1.

BELL-RINGER: Find
(a) the length of the leg adjacent to ∠𝐵, and
(b) the ratio of the length of the leg adjacent to the length of the hypotenuse.

SOH CAH TOA

COSINE RATIO
V V

B
Leg
opposite
∠𝐴

A Leg adjacent
C
to ∠𝑨

EXAMPLES:
1) Use the triangle to write each ratio.

G cos 𝑇 = =
17
8
cos 𝐺 = =
T R
15

2) Find the length x of the leg to the nearest tenth.

65°
x
TRY IT:
1) Write the cosine ratios for ∠𝑋 and ∠𝑌. 2) Use the triangle to find cos T and cos G.

G
20 12

T R
16

Apply It! A 20-ft wire supporting a flagpole forms a 35° angle with the flagpole.
To the nearest foot, how high is the flagpole?

𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐈𝐍𝐕𝐄𝐑𝐒𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐂𝐎𝐒𝐈𝐍𝐄 𝐑𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎

If you know _________ and ________________ lengths,
you can use the _____________ of cosine
to find the measures of ______________.
cos−1 ( )

EXAMPLE: Use inverse cosine to find 𝑚∠𝐿 to the nearest degree.

TRY IT: Use inverse cosine to find 𝑚∠𝑂 in the triangle above to the nearest degree.
TRY IT: Find the value of x. Round your answer to the nearest degree.

PRACTICE/HOMEWORK 8-4(b) (p. 441, #1-3, 5, 6, 9, 12, 13, 14, 16):

Write the ratio for cos M.

1) 2) 3)

Find the value of x. Round answers to the nearest tenth.

5) 6) 9)

Find the value of x. Round answers to the nearest degree.

12) 13) 14) 16)

DAY 13—8.3-8.4 Practice
OBJECTIVES:
• Determine side lengths in triangles using tangent ratio.
• Calculate the measure of a given angle using inverse tangent function.
8.3 Practice Worksheet.

DAY 14—8.3-8.4 Practice

OBJECTIVES:
• Determine side lengths in triangles using tangent, cosine, sine ratios.
• Calculate the measure of a given angle using inverse trigonometric functions.
(Kuta) Practice Worksheet.

DAY 15—8.3-8.4 Practice Test

OBJECTIVES:
• Determine side lengths in triangles using tangent, cosine, sine ratios.
• Calculate the measure of a given angle using inverse trigonometric functions.
8.3-8.4 Practice Test.

DAY 16—8.3-8.4 Practice Test Review

OBJECTIVES:
• Determine side lengths in triangles using tangent, cosine, sine ratios.
• Calculate the measure of a given angle using inverse trigonometric functions.
Practice Test Review & Activity.

DAY 17—8.3-8.4 Test

OBJECTIVES:
• Determine side lengths in triangles using tangent, cosine, sine ratios.
• Calculate the measure of a given angle using inverse trigonometric functions.
8.3-8.4 Test.
DAY 18—8.5 Angles of Elevation and Depression
OBJECTIVES:
• Identify a given angle as an angle of elevation or depression.
• Calculate the angle of elevation or angle of depression.
• Calculate distances using angles of elevation and depression.
BELL-RINGER: Refer to the rectangle ABCD to complete the statements.
{1} ∠1 ≅ {2} ∠5 ≅ {3} ∠3 ≅

{4} 𝑚∠1 + 𝑚∠5 =

{5} 𝑚∠10 + 𝑚∠3 =

{6} ∠10 ≅

𝐀𝐍𝐆𝐋𝐄𝐒 𝐎𝐅 𝐄𝐋𝐄𝐕𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐃𝐄𝐏𝐑𝐄𝐒𝐒𝐈𝐎𝐍

V V

The angle of elevation is ________________ ______

the angle of depression because
they are ______________ _______________ ____________.

A person on the ground sees a hot-air balloon gondola at a 38° angle

above a horizontal line.

This angle is the angle of ________________.

A person in the hot-air balloon sees the person on the ground at a

38° angle below a horizontal line.

This angle is the angle of _________________.

EXAMPLES:
1) You sight a rock climber on a cliff at a 32° angle of elevation.
The horizontal ground distance to the cliff is 1000 ft. Find the line-of-sight distance to the rock climber.
 2) A surveyor stands 200 ft from a building to measure its height with a 5-ft tall theodolite. The angle of elevation to
the top of the building is 35°. How tall is the building?

TRY IT:
1) An airplane pilot sights a life raft at a 26° angle of depression. The airplane’s altitude is 3km.
What is the airplane’s surface distance d from the raft?

2) To find the height of Delicate Arch in Arches National Park in Utah, a surveyor levels a theodolite with the
bottom of the arch. She then measures the distance from where she stands to a point directly under the arch.
Her results are shown in the diagram. What is the height of the arch?

PRACTICE/HOMEWORK 8-5 (p. 447, #1-17):

Describe each angle as it relates to the situation in the diagram below.

1) ∠1 2) ∠2 3) ∠3 4) ∠4

5) ∠5 6) ∠6 7) ∠7 8) ∠8
Find the value of x. Round the lengths to the nearest tenth of a unit.
9) 10)

11) A meteorologist measures the angle of elevation of a weather balloon as 41°. A radio signal from the balloon
indicates that it is 1503 m from his location. To the nearest meter, how high above the ground is the balloon?

Find the value of x. Round the lengths to the nearest tenth of a unit.
12) 13)

14) Miguel looks out from the crown of the Statue of Liberty approximately 250 ft above ground. He sights a ship
coming into New York harbour and measures the angle of depression as 18°.
Find the distance from the base of the statue to the ship to the nearest foot.
 15) The world’s tallest unsupported flagpole is a 282-ft-tall steel pole in Surrey, British Columbia. The shortest
shadow cast by the pole during the year is 137 ft long.
To the nearest degree, what is the angle of elevation of the sun when the shortest shadow is cast?

1
16) The Americans with Disabilities Act states that the wheelchair ramps can have a slope no greater than .
12
Find the angle of elevation of a ramp with this slope. Round your answer to the nearest tenth.

17) Two office buildings are 51 m apart. The height of the taller building is 207 m. The angle of depression from the
top of the taller building to the top of the shorter building is 15°.
Find the height of the shorter building to the nearest meter.

DAY 19—8.5 Practice

OBJECTIVES:
• Identify a given angle as an angle of elevation or depression.
• Calculate the angle of elevation or angle of depression.
• Calculate distances using angles of elevation and depression.
8.5 Practice Worksheet.