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Chemistry and Therapeutic Aspect of Furan: A Short Review

Article · January 2015

DOI: 10.5958/0974-4150.2015.00069.3

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 Asian J. Research Chem. 8(6): June 2015

ISSN 0974-4169 (Print) www.ajrconline.org

0974-4150 (Online)

REVIEW ARTICLE

Chemistry and Therapeutic Aspect of Furan: A Short Review

Biplab De1, Sandip Sen2*, T.S. Easwari2
1
Regional Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Abhoynagar, Agartal-799005
2
IIMT College of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meerut-250001
*Corresponding Author E-mail: sandipsen2010@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
Furan is a five member aromatic heterocyclic compound. The current review involved recent advance in the
synthesis of furan derivative by different researcher. The study also focused on reactivity and therapeutic aspect
of furan derivatives.

KEYWORDS: Synthesis, Chemistry, Antimicrobial, Anticancer, Analgesic, Antiinflammatory, Anti oxidant.

INTRODUCTION: Synthesis of furan derivatives:

5
The five membered aromatic heterocyclic compounds Furan was obtained from pine-wood . It may be prepared
were considered as important chemical entities due to by the dry distillation of mucic acid. Which upon heating
various biochemical process1. One of the heterocyclic obtained furoic acid, at its boiling point. Furic acid then
compound furfural as a derivative of furan was first converted to furan by decarboxylation.
isolated in 1832 by the German chemist Johann
Wolfgang Dobereiner as a byproduct during formic acid
synthesis2. In 1901 the German chemist Carl Harries
deduced furfural's structure. The nucleus of furfural O
(Furan) can be prepared from tetra hydrophenol3. They COOH(CHOH)4COOH COOH+
+ CO2 + 3H
are important structural fragment for many active
pharmaceutical ingredient and pharmacologically active
compounds4. Furan was considered as common
structural motifs available in many natural products5. O O
+ CO
COOH(CHOH)
Its derivatives obtained from synthetic COOH
and natural COOH+
+ CO 2 + 3H 2O 2
4
resources have wide range of pharmaceutical
interest because of biological activities. The furan
O O
derivatives showed interesting biological activity such
COOH
as + CO
9 + CO 2 + 3H 2O
+ 2
COOH(CHOH)
6 4 COOH
7 8
nematocidal , insecticidal , antibacterial , antifungal ,
antiviral10, antioxidant11, anti inflammatory12-13and
antinociceptive 14-15 property.
Furan can also be obtained from furfural by oxide
catalyst.
O O
+ CO
CHO 2

A general method of preparing furan derivative is to

dehydrate 1, 4-di ketones or dialdehydes with
phosphorous pentoxide, sulphuric acid.
COR
Received on 21.05.2015 Modified on 17.06.2015
P2O5 R
H2C CH2 O
Accepted on 23.06.2015 © AJRC All right reserved R
COR
Asian J. Research Chem 8(6): June 2015; Page 428-438 H2O
DOI: 10.5958/0974-4150.2015.00069.3

428
 Asian J. Research Chem. 8(6): June 2015

Alternatively, furan derivatives may be prepared from ethylacetoacetate in the presence of iodine.

I2
2CH3COCHNaCOOC2H5 2NaI + (CH3COCHCOOC2H5)2

When diacetosuccinic ester was heated with dilute sulphuric acid 2, 5-dimethylfuran-3, 4-dicarbo xylic acid is
formed.
H SO 2 H C O CH
4 3 3
(CH3COCHCOOC2H5)2
HOOC COOH

Furan derivatives may also be prepared by the Feist Benary synthesis (1902, 1911) where α-chloro ketone is
condensed with a β-keto ester in the presence of pyridine5.

CH2COCH3 O CH3
C2H5COO COCH3 +
CH2Cl H3 C
COOC2H5

Au (I)-catalyzed hydroamination17 or hydration of 1, 3-diynes allows formation of 2, 5-diamidofurans. This method

can also be expanded to 2, 5-disubstituted furans.

2, 5-Disubstituted 3-iodofurans18 can be prepared in presence of palladium or copper as catalyst. The cross coupling
reaction is taken place between beta bromo enol acetate and terminal alkynes followed by iodocyclization.

An efficient substitution reaction19 of propargylic acetates in enoxysilanes under mild conditions in the presence of
FeCl3 as catalyst affords γ-alkynyl ketone. The intermediate ketone in the presence of TsOH as catalyst forms tri or
tetra substituted furan.

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 Asian J. Research Chem. 8(6): June 2015

Synthesis of furan20 can also be obtained by reaction between propargyl alcohols and terminal alkynes, which yields
formation of 1, 4-diynes, poly substituted furan and water as by product.

5mole% FeCl3,
OAc OSiMe3 Ar R'
CH3CN,r.t.,5min
R
+ R'' !eq. TsOH, O R''
Ar R'
3eq. toluene,2hrs R

Chemistry of furan:
Being a five membered aromatic compound, furan's behavior is quite dissimilar to that of the more typical
heterocyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran.

It is considerably more reactive toward electrophillic substitution5.

It also undergoes cycloaddition reaction preferably endo isomer21 are more favoured.

Therapeutic aspects of Furan:

Furan derivatives as antimicrobial agent:
Nilo Zanatta et al. reported22 antimicrobial affect against yeast, filamentous fungi, bacteria, and algae of furan-3-
carboxamide derivatives (1). The derivatives were prepared by aromatization and nucleophlilic displacement in 4-
trichloroacetyl-2, 3-dihydro furan.

430
 Asian J. Research Chem. 8(6): June 2015

O
NRR'

O
furan-3-carboxamide
Structure-1

Similarly Fatma Karipcin et al. reported23 antimicrobial activity of 1-benzoyl-3-furan-2-ylmeth yl-thiourea (2).

S O
O
N N
H H
1-benzoyl-3-furan-2-ylmethyl-thiourea

Structure-2

R.R. Zaky et al. also reported24 antimicrobial effect for (E)-3-(2-(furan-ylmethylene) hydrazinyl)-3-oxo-N-(thiazol-
2yl) propanamide (3).

O O O N
N
N N S
H H
(E)-3-(2-(furan-ylmethylene)hydrazinyl)-3-oxo-N-(thiazol-2yl)propanamide
Structure-3

Craig A. Obafemi et al. reported25 synthesis of 2, 3a, 8b-trihydroxy-3-(thiophen-2-ylcarbonyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-2,

3, 3a, 8b-tetrahydro-4H-indeno [1, 2-b] furan-4-one (4). The compounds showed broad spectrum activity against
different strains of gram positive and gram negative bacteria.

S O
O
HO
HO
F
O
F F OH
2,3a,8b-trihydroxy-3-(thiophen-2-ylcarbonyl)-2-
(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-4H-indeno[1,2-b]furan-4-one

Structure-4

A series of novel26 analogues of [5-(furan-2-yl)-3-[2-(alkoxy)-phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide

were synthesized by Mamta Rani et al. Alkoxy-[5-(furan-2-yl)-2-(benzyloxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-
carbothioamide (5) and 5-(furan-2-yl)-1-[2-(naphthalen-2-yl methoxy)-phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-
carbothioamide (6) shown better activity compared to standard against A. hydrophila, Y. enterocolitica,
L.monocytogenes and S. aureus.

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 Asian J. Research Chem. 8(6): June 2015

N O
N
N
HN N+
O S
O S
O
NH2

[5-(furan-2-yl)-2-(benzyloxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide
5-(furan-2-yl)-1-[2-(naphthalen-2-ylmethoxy) phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide
Structure-5 Structure-6

Furan derivatives as anticancer agent:

K.S. Rangappa reported27 anticancer activity of 2-[5-(5-(4-chloro- phenyl) furan-2-yl)methyl ene)-4-oxo-2-
thioxothiazolidin-3-yl] acetic acid (7 and 8) derivatives.

S
S O
O S S

Cl
Cl N O
N O O
O
NH
NH
H3CO
(E)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2-(5-((5-(4-chlorophenyl)furan-2-yl) H3C
methylene)-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl)acetamide (E)-N-(3-methylbenzyl)-2-(5-((5-(4-chlorophenyl)
furan-2-yl)methylene)-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl)acetamide
Structure-7
Structure-8

Maurice Hofnung et al. reported28 in vivo mutagenic properties of a 5-nitrofuran. The 7-metho xy-2-nitro naphtha
[2, 1-b] furan (9) was evaluated in transgenic mice (Big Blue).

N+
-
O
O
O

7-methoxy-2-nitronaphtho[2,1-b]furan
Structure-9

Arvind S. Negi et al. reported29 anticancer activity of 1-(3′, 4′, 5′-tri methoxy) phenyl naphtha [2, 1-b] furan (10) by
in vitro MTT assay.

H3CO

H3CO
OCH3
1-(3',4',5'-trimethoxy) phenyl naphtho[2,1-b]furan

Structure-10
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 Asian J. Research Chem. 8(6): June 2015

Andrey E. Shchekotikhin et al.30 reported cytotoxic properties of novel 4, 11-bis [(2-aminoethyl) amino] anthrax [2,
3-b] furan-5, 10-diones (11). The selected compound potently killed mamm alian tumor cell lines, including drug
resistant variants.
X
O HN

R
O
O HN
X
4,11-bis[(2-aminoethyl)amino]anthra[2,3-b]furan-5,10-diones

Structure-11

Yong Mei Li et al. reported31 racemic mixture of furan lignans. The optical isomers (12) were obtained through a
selective hydrolization. The isomers and the racemates were able to shown anticancer activity against QGY-7701
and HeLa cell lines.

H3CO
CH2OH

OCH3
O

OCH3
(Z)-(4-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)methanol

Structure-12

Girolamo Cirrincione et al. reported32 2, 5-bis (3′-indolyl) furans and 3, 5-bis (3′-indolyl) iso xazoles (13) as
antitumor agents. The antiproliferative activity was also evaluated invitro toward diverse human tumor cell lines.

R
O

N N

2,5-bis(3'-indolyl)furans

Structure-13

Furan derivatives as analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent:

E.S.Lee reported33 1-furan-2-yl-3-pyridin-2-yl-propenone (14), as dual inhibitor of COX/5-LOX. The results suggest
that FPP-3 may have a benefit in combating inflammation and pain by dual inhibition of COX and LOX.

O
O

N
1-furan-2-yl-3-pyridin-2-yl-propenone

Structure-14
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 Asian J. Research Chem. 8(6): June 2015

5-aryl-3-[(2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)methylene] furan-2(3H)-ones were34 synthesized by M.M. Alam. Compounds 15,

16 and 17 were showing potent antiinflammatory activity.

Cl N

O
O
(Z)-3-((2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)methylene)-5-p-tolylfuran-2(3H)-one

Structure-15
Cl N Cl N

Cl O
Br O Br O
O O
(Z)-5-(4-bromophenyl)-3-((2,6-dichloroquinolin-3-yl)methylene)furan-2(3H)-one (Z)-5-(4-bromophenyl)-3-((2-chloro-6-methoxyquinolin-3-yl)methylene)furan-2(3H)-one

Structure-16 Structure-17

Cherng Chyi Tzeng et al. reported35 anti-inflammatory activity of 2-(furan-2-yl)-4-phenoxy quinolines. Among the
reported compounds, 4-{4-[(2-furan-2-yl)-quinolin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-but-3-en-2-one (18) was most potent
compound. While (E)-1-{3-[(2-Furan-2-yl)-quinolin-4-yl-oxy]-phenyl}-ethanone oxime (19) and 1-{3-[(2-furan-2-
yl)-quinolin-4-yloxy]-phenyl}-ethanone (20) was moderately potent than genistein.

O
O

4-{4-[(2-furan-2-yl)-quinolin-4-yloxy] phenyl}but-3-en-2-one

Structure-18
OH O
N

O O

O O
N N
(E)-1-{3-[(2-Furan-2-yl)quinolin-4-yloxy]phenyl}ethanone oxime
1-{3-[(2-furan-2-yl)quinolin-4-yloxy]phenyl}ethanone
Structure-19
Structure-20

Anticonvulsant, neurotoxic and antinociceptive property for dihydro furan-2(3H)-one (21) was reported36 by
Barbara Malawska et al.

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 Asian J. Research Chem. 8(6): June 2015

N N O

Structure-21

The synthesis and pharmacological evaluation37 of novel furan derivative acted as voltage gated sodium channel
blockers were reported by Irene Drizin et al. The compounds (5-(4-chloro phenyl)-furan-2-yl)-(piperazin-1-yl)-
methanone (22), (5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-furan-2-yl)-(4-cyclohexylpiperazin-1-yl)-methanone (23) showed more
potent activity.

O O
O O
Cl N NH C N N
(5-(4-chlorophenyl)furan-2-yl)(piperazin-1-yl)methanone (5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)furan-2-yl)(4-cyclohexylpiperazin-1-yl)methanone
Structure-22 Structure-23

O
O
C N N
(5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)furan-2-yl)(4-cyclohexylpiperazin-1-yl)methanone
Structure-24

Gilson Zeni et al. reported38 anti-inflammatory activity of acetylenic furan derivatives (25); which were synthesized
via Pd-catalyzed coupling reactions of 2-(alkyltelluro) furan with several terminal alkynes.

O R
Structure-25

Furan derivatives as CNS active agent:

Pratibha Mehta Luthra et al. reported39 8-(furan-2-yl)-3-substituted thiazolo [5,4-e][1,2,4] triazo lo[1,5-c]
pyrimidine-2(3H)-thione derivatives (26) as potential adenosine A2A receptor antagonists.

N N
O
O N
N
N

O
Structure-26
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 Asian J. Research Chem. 8(6): June 2015

Peter Stjernlof et al. reported40 (Dipropylamino)-tetrahydro naphtha furans (27) as centrally acting serotonin agonists
and dopaminergic receptor blocker.

O
N

(Dipropylamino)-tetrahydronaphthofurans
Structure-27

Sang Yoon Choi et al. synthesized41 3-[2-(3, 5-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-furan (28) as synthetic resveratrol
derivative. In addition, DPVF also inhibited ATP depletion following oxygen and glucose deprivation in the adult
hippocampal slice.

O
O
3-[2-(3,5-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-furan
Structure-28

Furan derivatives as antioxidant:

Stefano Manfredini et al. tested radical scavenging activities42 of 2, 3-dihydroxy-2, 3-enono-1, 4-lactones. The 3,4-
dihydroxy-5R-2(R,S)-(6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2(R,S)yl-methyl) -1,3]dioxolan-4S-yl]-5H-furan-2-
one (29) was able to show potent activity.

O
O
HO OR2
O H
OR3
O O

Structure-29

Furan derivatives as cytoprotective agent:

Yoshiro Saito et al. examined43 radical scavenging activity and cytoprotective effects of novel furan compounds (30
and 31), which have potent inhibitory activity against oxygenases such as COX-1, COX-2 and 5-LOX.

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 Asian J. Research Chem. 8(6): June 2015

H3CO H3CO
O O
HO HO
4-(5-ethylfuran-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol
4-(5-hexylfuran-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol
Structure-30
Structure-31

Furan derivatives as miscellaneous therapeutic agents:

M.K. Unnikrishnan et al. reported44 antioxidant, 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory, anti-inflammatory and peripheral
analgesic activities of 6b, 11b-Dihydroxy-6b,11b-dihydro-7H-indeno-[1,2-b]-naphtho-[2,1-d] furan-7-one (32). It
also had promising non-ulcerogenic effect for immune pathogenic chronic inflammatory conditions.

O
OH

HO O

Structure-32
Daud A. Israf et al. observed45 that 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(5-methyl-furan-2-y-l)propenone (33), was suppressing
various proinflammatory mediators. HMP also selectively inhibited the p38/ATF-2 and AP-1 signaling pathways in
the NO synthesis by the macrophage RAW 264.7.
O OH

3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(5-methyl-furan-2-y-l)propenone
Structure-33

CONCLUSION: 5. Keay BA and Dibble PW, In Comprehensive Heterocyclic

From the above discussion it can be concluded that It is
more reactive toward elctrophillic and dielsalder
reaction. It have wide range of pharmacological activity
like antimicrobial, anticancer, analgesic, anti-
inflammatory, CNS acive agent and antioxidant activity
etc.
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