Name: MOHANEESHWAAR

Class: 5S
SUMMATIVE PRACTICE

1. Diagram 1.1 shows the movement of an earthworm.

Diagram 1.2 shows the arrangement of flight muscles in a bird.

Diagram 1.1

PECTORALIS
MAJOR MUSCLE

Diagram 1.2
(a) Name two types of muscles that are involved in the movement of an earthworm.

i : CIRCULAR MUSCLES

ii: LONGITUDINAL MUSCLE

[2 marks]

(b) Explain the muscles action for the forward movement of an earthworm.

THE LONGITUDINAL MUSCLES IN THE POSTERIOR

CONTRACT AND BECOME SHORTENED THE
CIRCULAR MUSCLE RELAX
[3 marks]

(c) (i) Label pectoralis major muscles in Diagram 5.2.

 [1 mark]
(ii) Name the organelle that is found abundantly in the pectoralis major muscles.

EPITHELIAL TISSUE
[1 mark]

(iii) Explain why the pectoralis major muscles have an abundance of this organelle.

IT IS NEEDED IN THE CONTRACTION AND RELAXATION OF THE

MUSCLE SO THE BIRD CAN MOVE ITS WING

[2 marks]

(d) Explain why the bones of a female bird that lays eggs are more brittle as its age
increases.

OSTEOPEROSIS IS THE LOSS OF MINERALISED BONE VOLUME,

RESULTING IN FRAGILE, BRITTLE BONES WHICH ARE EASILY BROKEN
[3 marks]