1. Fig 1.1 shows a cell from the palisade mesophyll layer of a leaf.

Fig 1.1

Name the structures labelled A, B and C

a. A:

B:

C: [3]

b. State one difference you would expect to see between this plant cell and
a root cell

[1]

c. State the function of A

[1]

Section B – Structured Questions (30 marks)

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2. Fig 1.2 shows four different reptiles

Fig 1.2

State two features which can be used to identify the animals in Fig. 1.2 as reptiles.
a. 1

2.

[2]

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2. Fig. 1.3 shows a snake.

Fig 1.3

b. Snakes are also reptiles. State one way, visible in Fig. 1.3, in which
snakes are different from the reptiles shown in Fig. 1.2

[1]

3. Define the term sensitivity

[2]

4. Describe how diffusion is different from osmosis

[2]

5. Define species

[2]

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6. Birds show variation in the sizes and shape of their beaks. A beak composed of
an upper mandible and a lower mandible. Fiqure 1.4 below shows different
species of birds.

Fig 1.4

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Write the letter of each species (A to G) in the correct box beside the species

Spinus tristis
Ara ararauna
Aquila chrysaetos
Platalea regia
Trochilus polytmus
Recurvirostra americana
Phoenicopterus minor [7]

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6
7. Fig. 1.5 shows a gorilla with her baby.

Fig 1.5

a. Gorilla are mammals and have characteristics that are only found in
mammals, not in any vertebrate group.

(i) State one mammalian characteristic visible above in figure 1.5

[1]

(ii) Two mammalian characteristics not visible above in figure 1.5

1.

[1]
2.

[1]

8. State one way the red blood cell is different from an animal cell

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a.

[1]

b. State one function of red blood cell

[1]

9. Four of the classes of vertebrate and five possible descriptions of these classes
are shown below.

Draw a straight line to match each class of vertebrate to its description

[4]

Answers

1. A – nucleus B – cell membrane C – vacuole

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B. The root hair cell is elongated / has a protrusion / does not have

chloroplasts but the plant cell is not elongated/ does not have a protrusion

/ has chloroplasts

1C. Contain genetic information / DNA

2A. dry skin ; ref. to scales ; eggs with, dry shell / leathery shell ; [max. 2]

2B. no limbs / legs

3. ability to detect and respond to changes in the environment

4. diffusion- movement of molecules down a conentration gradient from higher to lower

concentration
osmosis- Movemement of water across a permeable membrane
5. reproduce to fertile offspring

6.

7a (i) fur/ hair; (external) ears; mammary glands;

(ii) give birth (to live young) ; suckle young/ feed young on milk ; 3 inner ear ossicles ; differentiated
teeth ; 2 sets of teeth (deciduous and permanent)/AW ; diaphragm ; sweat glands ; sebaceous glands ;

8a.has haemoglobin /no nucleus /biconcave

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8b. transport oxygen

9. birds – body with feathers

Fish – body with scales with fins

Mammal – body with hair

Reptile – body with scaly skin

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