“CHILD MARRIAGE AND EARLY PREGNANCY–A BARRIER TO

MATERNAL HEALTH”

CONDUCTED AT- PANIHATI ENDEAVOUR, KOLKATA

Report Prepared for the Partial Fulfillment towards

MASTER IN HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION 2nd SEMESTER PROJECT
SUBMITTED BY
NAME: Group-7
DEBAPRIYA MUKHERJEE
PALLABI PALIT
SHRAMANA GHOSH
TIYASA MUKHERJEE
SEMESTER: 2nd
NSHM COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, KOLKATA
AFFILIATED TO
MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At the outset, I would like to thank our director sir Mr. Krishnendu Sarkar, Our mentor Mrs. Nabaneeta
Datta , coordinator Mrs. Reeti Debnath and all the other faculties for guiding us for the flipped classroom
project.As their continuous support and encouragement extended to us that we take this opportunity to
thank Mrs. Swati Chatterjee secretary of PANIHATI ENDEAVOUR , Kolkata for her immense help and
support during the entire project. Last but not the least our parents and friends who guided us incessantly
throughout the project.

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 CONTENT

Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..........................................................................................................................................................4
INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................................................5
OBJECTIVES......................................................................................................................................................................... 10
METHODOLOGY.................................................................................................................................................................. 11
CASE STUDY ON CHILD MARRIAGE UNDER PANIHATI ENDEAVOUR...................................................................................12
RESULT AND FINDINGS:......................................................................................................................................................14
CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................................................................... 17

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 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

A flipped classroom is an instructional strategy and a type of blended learning that reverses the traditional
learning environment by delivering instructional content, often online, outside of the classroom. In a
flipped classroom, students watch online lectures; collaborate in discussions, brainstorming sessions or
carry out research at home while engaging in concepts in the classroom with the guidance of a mentor. In
the flipped classroom project we the students were asked to go to different organization and asked for any
type of problem they are suffering and work under them to find any solution which will be beneficial for
the organization.

We decided to work under a NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION, named PANIHATI

ENDEAVOUR which deals with child trafficking, child education, child and women abuse. We went there
and had a talk with the sectary of the NGO, Mrs.Swati Chatterjee. We took an interview of her and in the
process she gave us a problem which they face while interacting with the children. It's generally seen that
the children often don’t entertain any interference of the NGO in their personal lives. Child marriage has
become a major problem not only in West Bengal in the overall country. The problem which the
organization faces while creating awareness was given as a problem to us. The objective of the project was
to think of possible solutions which can be of help to the organization as well as the victims.

After getting the problem we had few brainstorming sessions and came out with few strategies which we
thought will help in solving the problem. We thought of explaining them the practical scenario which will
hopefully help them to take their own decisions wisely, by showing them the right way and the wrong way
along with the consequences. By taking help of several methods like puppet shows, short films, YouTube
or social media awareness campaigns etc. Also, we thought of educating them about the ill-health effects of
early pregnancy, importance of education, career development etc. We suggested the NGO to involve more
youths so that the age gap can be broken down.

We suggested the NGO to develop a mobile application which will be directly connected with the NGO,
local police and child helpline. In this app different buttons will be available through which the victim or
anyone can reach out for immediate help and stop the practice thereby helping the victim.

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We also had a talk with the NSHM skills development department and they agreed to arrange free
campaigns of vocational trainings of beauty and wellness or nutrition. The only condition given was to
arrange 30-40 participants. Later they can join a full time or part time course with very minimum course
fee to get a proper certification securing their future careers.

INTRODUCTION

A flipped classroom is an instructional strategy and a type of blended learning that reverses the traditional
learning environment by delivering instructional content, often online, outside of the classroom. It moves
activities, including those that may have traditionally been considered homework, into the classroom. In a
flipped classroom, students watch online lectures, collaborate in discussions, brainstorming sessions or
carry out research at home while engaging in concepts in the classroom with the guidance of a
mentor.Flipped classrooms also redefine in-class activities. In-class lessons accompanying flipped
classroom may include activity learning or more traditional homework problems, among other practices, to
engage students in the content.

For the project on FLIPPED CLASSROOM we were asked to visit different organizations , ask for their
problems if any and to find solutions pertaining to the problems so that our practical knowledge are
evolved . In this respect we went to a non-government organization PANIHATI ENDEAVOUR which
deals with child trafficking, education and village development, fight against child and women abuse.
When we went to PANIHATI ENDEAVOUR, they told us when they visited different schools, they
experienced many children before the permissible age of marriage are getting married by their own choice.
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These children when approached for counseling didn't want any interference from NGO in their personal
space. The organization assigned to us this social issue, and we through the platform of flipped classroom
tried different ways and discussed different techniques through sessions of brainstorming to come at a
feasible solution to the problem.

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 PANIHATI ENDEAVOUR

Panihati Endeavour is a society, registered under West Bengal Societies Registration Act working on fight
against child & women abuse, traffic &safety awareness, education and village development. This is an
authorized organization of Barrackpore Police. They are working since last 5 years inthis field.

 SANKALPA

Sankalpa is an initiative taken by Panihati Endeavour to prevent Child marriage and trafficking. A box
named “Sankalpa box” is present in every school with Kanyashree club. Children who are victims of the
issue can write their problems in a form and submit it in the box .These forms are received by
Panihati Endeavour and action is taken accordingly with the help of Child line and Police.

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“Child Marriage is a practice that robs millions of girls of their childhood, their rights and their dignity.”
– Archbishop Desmond Tutu

Child marriage occurs in practically every region of the world, but it is most common in South Asia, Latin
America, the Caribbean, the Middle East and Africa. The practice has existed for thousands of years, but a
number of communities are abandoning child marriage and they are doing so in a way that respects and
maintains traditional values. These communities manage to promote the fundamental values of human
rights and the protection of children while promoting a national discussion about gender norms and the
appropriate age of marriage. Whether it happens to a girl or a boy, child marriage is a violation of human
rights. It eliminates the child’s freedom to choose when and whom to marry.

CHILD MARRIAGE IN INDIA

Child marriage in India, according to the Indian law, is a marriage where either the woman is below age 18
or the man is below age 21. Most child marriages involve underage women, many of whom are in poor
socio-economic conditions.Incidents of underage marriage have fallen so steeply in Bihar, UP and
Rajasthan that West Bengal and Tripura have now emerged as the statesworst afflicted with this social
scourge. When NFHS-3(NATIONAL FAMILY HEALTH SURVEY) was conducted in 2005-06, Bihar
topped in child marriages, with a prevalence of 47.8%; Jharkhand was second with 44.7% and Rajasthan
third (40.4%).Bengal was fourth with 34%.

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But in the 10 years since then, Bihar, Jharkhand, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh has managed to reduce the
incidence of child marriage by over 20% .District-level analysis using NFHS-4 reveals that Murshidabad
(39.9%)in Bengal shows the highest prevalence of child marriage, followed by Gandhinagar (39.3%) in
Gujarat and Bhilwara (36.4%)in Rajasthan.

(Source: Report by National Commission of Child Rights based on NFHS-4)

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OBJECTIVES

The flipped classroom intentionally shifts instruction to a learner-centered model in which time in the
classroom is used to explore topics in greater depth and create meaningful learning opportunities while
students are initially introduced to new topics outside of the classroom. It moves activities, including those
that may have traditionally been considered homework, into the classroom. In a flipped classroom, students
watch online lectures, collaborate in online discussions, or carry out research at home while engaging in
concepts in the classroom with the guidance of a mentor.

When we found a problem, we want to solve this anyhow. Brainstorming is a group creativity technique by
which efforts are made to find a conclusion for a specific problem by gathering a list of ideas spontaneously
contributed by its members. It increase the bonding with every team members. brainstorming is a situation
where a group of people meet to generate new ideas and solutions around a specific domain of interest by
removing inhibitions. People are able to think more freely and they suggest as many spontaneous new ideas
as possible.

Our topic is CHILD MARRIAGE. So this project helps us to know the data about child marriage in India.
How child marriage destroy the future of uneducated child. They don’t know specially girls child, why
education is more important than marriage. We have to inform the bad side of child marriage.

In this project we get some solution. So we give the solution to the NGO. We expect that these solutions
may be helpful for their work.

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 METHODOLOGY

VENUE: Panihati Endeavor, 30 Raja Ramchand Ghat road, Ramakrishna pally, Panihati, Kolkata,
West Bengal-700114

DAYS OF VISIT: 2 Days

SOURCE OF COLLECTION DATA:

 PRIMARY DATA- Interview with the secretary of the organization

 SECONDARY DATA- Case studies

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 CASE STUDY ON CHILD MARRIAGE UNDER PANIHATI
ENDEAVOUR

Case 1:-

Maya was a 14 year old girl belonging to the city of Kolkata. Having lost her parents to an accident, Maya
lived with her grandmother. One fine Sunday, her grandmother insisted her to skip tuition to meet a well
settled boy, with a job in a contractual business. In spite of a lot of if's and but's Maya was almost forced to
skip tuition. Draped in a saree, Maya met this boy in the evening and to her horrors she was forcefully
married to him that very moment. The next day they left her grandmother's place. She was later taken to
Gujarat where the guy left him in the hotel room. She was taken to a massage parlour for giving services.
Thus, she became a victim of child trafficking.

Maya was fortunately rescued by Gujarat Police who had raided the massage parlour. Seeing this as an
opportunity she opened up about the truth to the police and was safely sent back home. Being an emotionally
weakened teenager she narrated the story to her school friend Riya who got ridiculed by it. Few months later
her grandmother again forced her to marry but she somehow postponed the dates by agreeing to marry after
her exams. Meanwhile she lodged a complaint against her grandmother with the help of The Kanyashree
Club of her school which ran under the assistance of The Panihati Endeavour NGO. Local police and child
services rescued her from the scenario. As investigations dug deep it was discovered that her own
grandmother was the head and dealer of a child trafficking group and she was the main culprit all this time.
Her grandmother was then arrested and Maya was sent to a school under the NGO to continue with her
academics.

Case 2:-

Bhadreswar is a small town in the outskirts of Kolkata. It was the residence of class 7 student Disha. She
liked to study and was enthusiastically punctual and regular about her academics and school attendance. She
was a topper of her class under the Kanyashree project of the West Bengal State Government. One fine day,
she suddenly stopped coming to school. Initially her friends thought her to be sick or stuck with household
chores (which is common to many girls belonging to this socio-economic status). But her friends got tensed

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 when she didn’t turn up for 2 weeks straight. They decided to enquire at her place and were shocked to find
that she would be married within a fortnight against her will. The kids then decided to reach out to the local
police, who coordinated with Child Line and reached Disha. Being below the permissible age of marriage
(18 for girls and 21 for boys) in accordance to the Indian Constitution, her marriage was cancelled. Her
parents were told to write a statement strictly mentioning that they’ll never force their teenage daughter for
marriage unless she turns 18 and decided for herself.

Case 3:-

Megha, a 16 year old girl from Kalyani was a regular student of her school. She had been in love with a 17
year old named Prakash. One fine day, she went out for school but did not return back. She had married and
eloped, fearing dire consequences at her home. Her tensed mother went out searching for her and came to
know that she had not gone school that day. Worried about her safety she got in touch with the people of
Child Line, who in turn informed the local please. On the other hand, the newlywed teenagers had fled to the
Sundarbans where the spend the night almost in the open with the life threatening risk of wild animals like
snakes and tigers. They returned the very next day fearing death. Now, in accordance to the marriage laws in
our country, both Megha and Prakash were below the permissible age. Megha’s father had obviously blamed
Prakash for kidnapping his daughter. Prakash was thus sent to a correctional home and Megha was returned
to her family. Now, child marriage in India might be a punishable act, but the marriage doesn’t stand void in
such circumstances. So, when they’re reach their respective legal ages, they can live together. But due to this
incident, both of them affect their academics and flush they’re career down the drain. Thus, they’re not well
established enough to be together or continue the marriage. This creates a backdrop in the socio-economic
structure for over a generation. To add to that there’s this social taboo which prevents the guy from getting a
decent job or something just because you’re he has already been tagged as a criminal.

Case 4:-

15 year old Kriti hailed from UP. She was a decent student who had just completed her 10th boards. She
aspired to study further but her step mother wanted to get her married in exchange of some quick cash. She
had even managed to bag a deal of rupees sixty thousand with a man who had agreed to marry her for that
amount. Contemplating the situation with fear, Kriti fled her house. Later her father lodged a missing
complaint to the Police. Police took 6 months to track her down. Finally she was located in Jammu &
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 Kashmir. When the police interrogated her, she broke down with the truth. Hearing Kriti's tale, police turned
her over to Child Line. Child Right is an organisation that works for Children's rights and protection. Police
have also issued strict warnings to her step mother who has denied such allegations.

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 RESULT AND FINDINGS:

 YOUTH INVOLVMENT:

Young people are directly affected by child marriage. Every year, 15 million girls are married before their
18th birthday. Pushing girls into adulthood far too quickly, child marriage harms their health, education,
safety and financial independence. If we are to support child brides and help other girls to avoid child
marriage, we need to listen to what they have to say and challenge our assumptions about what we think
they need.

YOUNG PEOPLE CAN BREAK THE GENERATIONAL CYCLE OF CHILD MARRIAGE

When girls are able to stay out of marriage, they make sure that their own children do not marry early.
Girls who have avoided or escaped child marriage can also be powerful role models for girls in their
communities, inspiring them to stand up for their rights and helping them imagine a different future for
themselves.

INVOLVING YOUTH IS AN EFFECTIVE STRATEGY FOR ENDING CHILD MARRIAGE

A growing body of research shows that providing young people, especially girls, with the opportunities to
learn new skills, develop their social networks and gain access to safe spaces encourages them to become
agents of change in their own communities and countries.

YOUNG PEOPLE BRING CREATIVITY AND CREDIBILITY TO THE TABLE

Young people can spread the awareness about to stop child marriage through puppet show, short film act.

YOUTUBE AND SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORM

Now almost 80% students have mobile phone. So they are very friendly about social media. They actually
use social media in wrong way and destroy their future. But if via social media we spread the awareness to
stop child marriage then may be it is helpful for their future as well as their life.

STRESSING ON EDUCATION AND PREVENTING SCHOOL DROPOUT

Girls tend to drop out of school during the preparatory time before the marriage or shortly after. Girls who
live far or have children to look after may not be able to resume their education. Sometimes, the stigma of
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 pregnancy keeps girls from returning to school. Education can be one of the most powerful tools to enable
girls to avoid child marriage and fulfill their potential. The longer a girl stays in school, the less likely she
is to be married before the age of 18 and have children during her teenage years.

When girls have access to safe, quality secondary education, the benefits are widely felt. Educated girls
develop skills, knowledge and confidence to make informed decisions including if, when and whom to
marry. Being in school also supports the perception that girls are still children and are therefore not of a
suitable age to marry.

 PREVENT EARLY PREGNANCY

Child marriage and child pregnancy not only affects the children but the society. Due to child marriage the
futures of the Children get hampered. The restriction of child marriage will help in restriction of child
pregnancy. Due to child pregnancy several issues can be seen. From teenage pregnancy so many problem
can be found like High mortality rate of infant and mother As the mother is too young and their own body
is not developed and due to lack of proper nutrition and care the rate of mortality is high of both child and
mother

Premature birth

In teenage pregnancy premature birth is very common as the mother body is not fully developed for the
baby and due to lack of proper food and nutrition

Stillbirth

A stillbirth is the death or loss of a baby before or during delivery. A stillbirth is the death or loss of a baby
before or during delivery. It is mainly because the girl’s body is not so much mature to carry another one

Anemia

In teenage pregnancy anemia is another big problem found in. Both the baby and the mother become
anemic because in that small age giving birth to new is not easy and as because the child is not fully grown
she became anemic and if the mother becomes anemic the child will definitely become.

Health risk

Teenage pregnancy is the major health risk for both. As the girl itself is a child and her body is not fully
developed the risk factory become high for both Education plays an important role in preventing child

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 marriage and child pregnancy. With education it can spread to everyone what are the bad effects of child
marriage and with education the Children can self-develop themselves and to see what is right and what is
wrong. To prevent child marriage an app can be made which may help the Children to protest against child
marriage or to get saved from that.

 SANKALPA APP

We have thought of one mobile APP which is SANKALPA. In this app there will be few icons. They are

 Emergency- if the victim is in a emergency situation will pressing the emergency icon police with child
health care will go for rescue.

 Live location – while pressing the live location they police will get the live location of the child and
they can rescue they

 Call they can call the NGO PANIHATI ENDEAVOUR and get the help from them

 Mail us- they can also mail they but the problem and the NGO will help them

 Upload video- the child is unable to do all the above they can simply take a video and upload them.

 Write a letter- they can simply write a letter to the NGO in this app

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 CONCLUSION

Still in 20th century child marriage is one of the biggest issues in the society. We came with so many
problem related to child marriage and with that few solution.

Precisely

 Motivating them by showing the present scenario

 Involvement of young generation as there will be less communication gap

 Using various entertainment process like puppet shows, street plays, dramas.

 Health education about child marriage and teenage pregnancy

 YouTube and other platform as a media to get aware of the fact

 Vocational training will help the children to fight back against child marriage as it will in self
employment.

 Mobile app

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