Mrs.

Jocelyn Magsaysay
1. Cerebral Palsy - Brain Paralysis
COMPLICATIONS OF NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS

Motor
Cognitive Dysfunction
Dysfunction

Seizures
Behavior
Dysfunction
 Cerebral Palsy: Definition
 disabilities caused by injury to the brain
 Often associated with epilepsy, speech
problems, vision compromise, & cognitiv
dysfunction
Etiology
 From prenatal brain abnormalities

 Prematurity

 Perinatal risk factors - trauma,hyperbilirubinemia

 Infection, tumors
- a group of non-progressive
disorders of upper motor
neuron impairment that
result in motor dysfunction
- a disorder that affects
muscle tone, movement,
and motor skills
-
Classification

 Spastic –rigid
• Hypertonicity
• Poor coordinated
movement

 Athetoid
 Ataxic
 Mixed
• Combination of
Spastic and athetoid
1.*spasticity/ spastic cerebral palsy
- excessive tone in the voluntary
muscles (loss of upper and lower
motors)
- causes stiffness and movement
difficulties.
- may affect both extremities on one
side (hemiplegia)
- all four extremities (quadriplegia)
- primarily the lower extremities
(diplegia or paraplegia)
 TYPICAL SPASTIC
POSITIONS WHEN
LYING ON THE
BACK:
2. Athetosis - These are slow, wriggly, or sudden quick
movements of the child's feet, arms, hands, or face
muscles. Spastic movements or positions may continually
come and go. Typical athetoid arm and hand movements
may be as a regular shake or as sudden 'spasms'.
Uncontrolled movements are often worse when the child is
excited or tries to do something.
*dyskinetic/ athetoid cerebral palsy
- leads to involuntary and uncontrolled
movements
- with emotional stress the involuntary
movements may become irregular and
jerking (choreoid)
- with disordered muscle tone (dyskinetic)
3. ataxic cerebral palsy
- causes a disturbed
sense of balance and
depth perception
Cerebral Palsy:
Clinical Presentation
 Remember that motor developmental
progression is from….

 Head to Toe

 Delayed gross motor development

Cerebral Palsy: Complications
 Spasticity  Visual compromise
 Weakness  Deformation
 Increase reflexes  Hip dislocation
 Clonus  Kyphoscoliosis
 Seizures  Constipation
 Articulation &  Urinary tract infection
Swallowing difficulty
Cerebral Palsy: Management
 Neurologic
 OT and PT
 Speech
 Adaptive equipment
 Surgical
Nursing Management
 Prevent physical injury and deformity
 Promote mobility
 Promote adequate fluid and nutritional
intake
 Administer meds- anticonvulsant, muscle
relaxant,sedatives
 Encourage self care
 Facilitate communication
 Help promote positive image
 Promote optimal family functioning
Cerebral Palsy

 What is  Mobility
substantially  Communication
 Learning
disabling
 Self Care
Cerebral  Self Direction
Palsy?  Independent Living
 Economic
Sufficiency
Cerebral Palsy: Topographic
 Monoplegic
 Paraplegic
 Hemiplegic
 Triplegic
 Quadraplegic
 Diplegic
Cerebral Palsy: Etiologic
 Prenatal (70%)
Infection, anoxia, toxic, vascular, Rh
disease, genetic, congenital
malformation of brain
 Natal (5-10%)
Anoxia, traumatic delivery, metabolic
 Post natal
Trauma, infection, toxic