You are on page 1of 1

5FA9 6-+(.

',**3

[gk_fc[dj \hec j^[ meha i_j[ eh jo_d] _d j^[ Yheii_d] ".# ?gk_fc[dj dej je X[ ikX`[Yj[Z je j[ij fh[iikh[
je j^[ f_f[b_d[ ioij[c+ i^Wbb X[ Z_iYedd[Yj[Z \hec j^[ f_f_d] eh ej^[hm_i[ _ie*
bWj[Z+ PWbl[i cWo X[ ki[Z _\ j^[ lWbl[) _dYbkZ_d] Ybei_d]
.-0(0 GT^PX` ]U 8TUTRba c[Y^Wd_ic) _i ik_jWXb[ \eh j^[ j[ij fh[iikh[+
.-0(0(+ >[\[Yji e\ \WXh_YWj[Z _j[ci WdZ _d f_f[ "N# GQ_`UZS GUQ&=Z_' <[YWki[ _j _i iec[j_c[i d[Y[iiWho
mWbb i^Wbb X[ h[fW_h[Z eh [b_c_dWj[Z _d WYYehZWdY[ m_j^ je Z_l_Z[ W f_f[b_d[ _dje j[ij i[Yj_edi WdZ _dijWbb j[ij
fWhW+ 101+2+ ^[WZi) Yedd[Yj_d] f_f_d]) WdZ ej^[h d[Y[iiWho Wffkhj[*
dWdY[i \eh j[ij_d]) eh je _dijWbb W fh[j[ij[Z h[fbWY[c[dj
.-0(0(, Q[bZ_d] Z[\[Yji i^Wbb X[ h[fW_h[Z _d WYYeh* i[Yj_ed) _j _i dej h[gk_h[Z j^Wj j_[*_d m[bZi X[ j[ij[Z8
ZWdY[ m_j^ fWhW+ 101+5+4+ ^em[l[h) j_[*_d m[bZi WdZ ]_hj^ m[bZi `e_d_d] b[d]j^i
.-0(0(- Beb_ZWoi eh ej^[h ZWcW][ je YeWj_d] i^Wbb e\ fh[j[ij[Z f_f[ i^Wbb X[ _dif[Yj[Z Xo hWZ_e]hWf^_Y eh
X[ h[fW_h[Z _d WYYehZWdY[ m_j^ fWhW+ 13.+.+/+ ej^[h WYY[fj[Z dedZ[ijhkYj_l[ c[j^eZi _d WYYehZWdY[
m_j^ fWhW+ 101+5+2%X& _\ ioij[c _i dej fh[iikh[ j[ij[Z W\j[h
j_[*_d+ ;\j[h ikY^ _dif[Yj_ed) j^[ `e_dj i^Wbb X[ YeWj[Z
.-1 I9HI>C< WdZ _dif[Yj[Z _d WYYehZWdY[ m_j^ fWhW+ 13.+.+/ X[\eh[
.-1(+ <T\T`PZ XWYa\_bb_d]+
"M# Cd ehZ[h je c[[j h[gk_h[c[dji e\ j^_i =eZ[) _j _i "O# GQ_`UZS 6[Z`^[X_ MZP C^[`QO`UbQ 8]aU\YQZ`' ;bb Yed*
d[Y[iiWho j^Wj j[iji X[ cWZ[ kfed j^[ Yecfb[j[Z ioij[c jhebi WdZ fhej[Yj_l[ [gk_fc[dj) _dYbkZ_d] fh[iikh[ b_c*
WdZ kfed Yecfed[dj fWhji e\ j^[ \_d_i^[Z ioij[c+ Q^[d _j_d] Z[l_Y[i) h[]kbWjehi) Yedjhebb[hi) h[b_[\ lWbl[i) WdZ
h[\[h[dY[ _d j^_i =eZ[ _i cWZ[ je j[iji eh fehj_edi e\ ej^[h iW\[jo Z[l_Y[i) i^Wbb X[ j[ij[Z je Z[j[hc_d[ j^Wj
j[iji Z[iYh_X[Z _d ej^[h YeZ[i WdZ if[Y_\_YWj_edi) j^[o j^[o Wh[ _d ]eeZ c[Y^Wd_YWb YedZ_j_ed8 e\ WZ[gkWj[
i^Wbb X[ Yedi_Z[h[Z Wi W fWhj e\ j^_i =eZ[+ YWfWY_jo) [\\[Yj_l[d[ii) WdZ h[b_WX_b_jo e\ ef[hWj_ed \eh
"N# M^ekbZ b[Wai eYYkh ed j[iji) j^[ b_d[ i[Yj_ed eh j^[ i[hl_Y[ _d m^_Y^ j^[o Wh[ [cfbeo[Z8 \kdYj_ed_d] Wj
Yecfed[dj fWhj i^Wbb X[ h[fW_h[Z eh h[fbWY[Z WdZ j^[ Yehh[Yj fh[iikh[8 WdZ fhef[hbo _dijWbb[Z WdZ fhe*
h[j[ij[Z _d WYYehZWdY[ m_j^ j^_i =eZ[+ j[Yj[Z \hec \eh[_]d cWj[h_Wbi eh ej^[h YedZ_j_edi j^Wj
c_]^j fh[l[dj fhef[h ef[hWj_ed+
.-1(+(- ITabX\V ]U ;PQ`XRPbTS >bT[a
"M# @WXh_YWj[Z _j[ci ikY^ Wi iYhWf[h jhWfi) cWd_\ebZi) .-1(+(/ ITabX\V ]U GT^ZPRT[T\b 7][^]\T\ba( =ec*
lebkc[ Y^WcX[hi) [jY+) i^Wbb X[ ^oZheijWj_YWbbo j[ij[Z fed[dji ej^[h j^Wd f_f[ j^Wj Wh[ X[_d] h[fbWY[Z eh WZZ[Z
je b_c_ji [gkWb je eh ]h[Wj[h j^Wd j^ei[ h[gk_h[Z e\ j^[ je j^[ f_f[b_d[ ioij[c d[[Z dej X[ ^oZheijWj_YWbbo j[ij[Z
Yecfb[j[Z ioij[c+ N^_i j[ij cWo X[ YedZkYj[Z i[fW* _\ j^[ cWdk\WYjkh[h Y[hj_\_[i j^Wj [_j^[h [WY^ Yecfed[dj
hWj[bo eh Wi W fWhj e\ j^[ Yecfb[j[Z ioij[c+ mWi ^oZheijWj_YWbbo j[ij[Z Wj j^[ \WYjeho) eh [WY^ Yecfe*
"N# Cd j[ij_d] \WXh_YWj[Z _j[ci X[\eh[ _dijWbbWj_ed) j^[ d[dj mWi cWdk\WYjkh[Z kdZ[h W gkWb_jo Yedjheb ioij[c
Wffb_YWXb[ fWhW]hWf^i e\ if[Y_\_YWj_edi b_ij[Z _d j^Wj [dikh[i [WY^ Yecfed[dj _i Wj b[Wij [gkWb _d ijh[d]j^
NWXb[ 1/0+.*. i^Wbb Wffbo+ je W fhejejof[ j^Wj mWi ^oZheijWj_YWbbo j[ij[Z Wj j^[
\WYjeho+ N_[*_d Xkjj m[bZi Wh[ ikX`[Yj je j^[ iWc[ dedZ[*
.-1(+(. ITabX\V 5UbT` CTe 7]\ab`cRbX]\ ijhkYj_l[ j[iji Wi _d fWhW+ 12.+3+0%W&+
"M# Fe_`QY_ [^ CM^`_ [R Fe_`QY_
"*# ;bb b_gk_Z jhWdifehjWj_ed f_f_d] ioij[ci m_j^_d .-1(. ITab E`Taac`T
j^[ iYef[ e\ j^_i =eZ[) h[]WhZb[ii e\ ijh[ii) i^Wbb X[
j[ij[Z W\j[h YedijhkYj_ed+ =WhXed Z_en_Z[ ioij[ci i^Wbb .-1(.(+ =gS`]abPbXR ITabX\V ]U >\bT`\PZ E`Taac`T
X[ ^oZheijWj_YWbbo j[ij[Z+ EX^X\V
"+# Moij[ci je X[ ef[hWj[Z Wj W ^eef ijh[ii e\ ceh[ "M# Jehj_edi e\ f_f_d] ioij[ci je X[ ef[hWj[Z Wj W
j^Wd /-$ e\ j^[ if[Y_\_[Z c_d_ckc o_[bZ ijh[d]j^ e\ ^eef ijh[ii e\ ceh[ j^Wd /-$ e\ j^[ if[Y_\_[Z c_d_ckc
j^[ f_f[ i^Wbb X[ ^oZheijWj_YWbbo j[ij[Z _d WYYehZWdY[ o_[bZ ijh[d]j^ e\ j^[ f_f[ i^Wbb X[ ikX`[Yj[Z Wj Wdo fe_dj
m_j^ fWhW+ 104+1+.+ je W ^oZheijWj_Y fhee\ j[ij [gk_lWb[dj je dej b[ii j^Wd
",# Moij[ci je X[ ef[hWj[Z Wj W ^eef ijh[ii e\ /-$ .+/2 j_c[i j^[ _dj[hdWb Z[i_]d fh[iikh[ Wj j^Wj fe_dj %i[[
eh b[ii e\ if[Y_\_[Z c_d_ckc o_[bZ ijh[d]j^ e\ j^[ f_f[ fWhW+ 1-.+/+/& \eh dej b[ii j^Wd 1 ^h+ Q^[d b_d[i Wh[
cWo X[ ikX`[Yj[Z je W b[Wa j[ij _d WYYehZWdY[ m_j^ j[ij[Z Wj fh[iikh[i j^Wj Z[l[bef W ^eef ijh[ii) XWi[Z ed
fWhW+ 104+1+0 _d b_[k e\ j^[ ^oZheijWj_Y j[ij if[Y_\_[Z _d dec_dWb mWbb j^_Yad[ii) _d [nY[ii e\ 6-$ e\ j^[ if[Y_\_[Z
fWhW+ 104+1+.+ c_d_ckc o_[bZ ijh[d]j^ e\ j^[ f_f[) if[Y_Wb YWh[ i^Wbb
"-# Q^[d j[ij_d] f_f_d]) _d de YWi[ i^Wbb j^[ j[ij X[ ki[Z je fh[l[dj el[hijhW_d e\ j^[ f_f[+
fh[iikh[ [nY[[Z j^Wj ij_fkbWj[Z _d j^[ ijWdZWhZi e\ cWj[* "*# N^ei[ fehj_edi e\ f_f_d] ioij[ci m^[h[ Wbb e\
--`,`,,,,``,```,,``,,``````,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

h_Wb if[Y_\_YWj_edi %[nY[fj f_f[& _dYehfehWj[Z _d j^_i j^[ fh[iikh[Z Yecfed[dji Wh[ l_ikWbbo _dif[Yj[Z Zkh_d]
=eZ[ Xo h[\[h[dY[ WdZ b_ij[Z _d NWXb[ 1/0+.*. \eh j^[ j^[ fhee\ j[ij je Z[j[hc_d[ j^Wj j^[h[ _i de b[WaW][
m[Wa[ij [b[c[dj _d j^[ ioij[c) eh fehj_ed e\ ioij[c) h[gk_h[ de \khj^[h j[ij+ N^_i YWd _dYbkZ[ b[d]j^i e\ f_f[
X[_d] j[ij[Z+ j^Wj Wh[ fh[j[ij[Z \eh ki[ Wi h[fbWY[c[dj i[Yj_edi+

22
Copyright ASME International
Provided by IHS under license with ASME Licensee=Occidental Chemical Corp/5910419101
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 08/08/2010 21:30:49 MDT

You might also like