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3 Measures of Central Tendency Dispersion and Skewness PDF
3 Measures of Central Tendency Dispersion and Skewness PDF
St t
Learning Statistics the Easy Way
Session on
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY,
DISPERSION AND SKEWNESS
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the session, the participants should be able to:
A. MEAN
- is the
th centermost
t st value
l ini a distribution.
dist ib ti
Applicant Age
Example of finding the Number
median (Number of The median value is the
12 16 middle most value in the data
observations is odd)
11 17 set.
10 18
8 19
7 20
Median age = 25
13 25
5 25
3 25
9 26
2 28
1 30
6 34
2011 LearnStat Sessions 4 35 BUREAU OF LABOR AND
7 EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS
Measures of Central Tendency
Ages of 14 Job Applicants
Applicant Age
Number
Example of finding the 12 16
The median value is the
median (Number of 11 17 sum of the two middle
observations is even) 10 18 most values in
n the data
8 19 set divided by 2.
7 20
13 25 Median age = 25 + 26
5 25 2
3 26
9 26
6 = 25.5
2 28
1 30
6 34
4 35
2011 LearnStat Sessions BUREAU OF LABOR AND
8 14 35 EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS
Measures
M a ur off Central
n ra Tendency
n n y
C. MODE Ages of 13 Job Applicants
- is the Applicant Age
N b
Number
value in the 12 16
data set that 11 17
occurs most 10 18
frequently. 8 19
7 20
13 25
Mode = 25 is the
Example of finding 5 25
value that
the mode 3 25
occurs most
9 26 frequently
2 28
1 30
6 34
2011 LearnStat Sessions 4 35 BUREAU OF LABOR AND
9 EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS
Measures
M a ur off Central
n ra Tendency
n n y
Advantages of the MEAN:
takes into account all observations.
observations
can be used for further statistical calculations and
mathematical manipulations.
Observations
b f
from d ff
different d
data sets have
h to be
b
merged to obtain a new median, whether group or
g p data are involved.
ungrouped
2011 LearnStat Sessions BUREAU OF LABOR AND
11 EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS
Measures of Central Tendency
d
does nott possess the
th desired
d i d algebraic
l b i property
t of
f th
the
mean that allows further manipulations.
like the median,
median observations from different data sets
have to be merged to obtain a new mode, whether group
or ungrouped data are involved.
Coefficient Expressed in a
of variation relative value
2011 LearnStat Sessions BUREAU OF LABOR AND
16 EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS
SKEWNESS
Symmetrical/Normal
Distribution
No. of obserrvations
concentrated towards the smaller
values
l and
d there
th are some
extremely high values.
No. of obserrvations
concentrated towards the larger
values and there are some
extremely low values.
Age
g of BLES staff
• Al
Also called
ll d skewed
k d tto th
the left
l ft M
Mean
distribution. Median
Mode
• If the
th first
fi t di
digit
it tto b
be d
dropped
d iis lless th
than 5
5,
round down.