PCAP, BFC and AGE 39

NAME OF DOSAGE, MECHANIS INDICATION CONTRAINDICATI SIDE ADVERSE NURSING

DRUG AND FREQUENC M OF ON EFFECTS ACTION RESPONSIBILITI
CLASSIFICATI Y, AND ACTION ES
ON ROUTE
Brand name: 125/5 3 mL Metronidaz Used in the Metronidazole nausea, numbness, 1.)Instruct patient
Metronidazole q 6 hours ole has treatment of should not be vomiting, tingling, or to take
strong amoebiasis, given to patients loss of burning medication
Generic name: antibacterial balantidiasis with history of appetite, pain in exactly as
Rodazid activity and Blastocyst hypersensitivity to stomach your directed evenly
against is imidazoles. pain; hands or spaced times
Classification: anaerobic hominis infecti Metronidazole diarrhea, feet; between
Antiprotozoal cocci, on, giardiasis, should not be constipatio vision dose, even if
anaerobic trichomoniasis taken more than n; problems, feeling better.
gram- , bacterial the recommended headache; pain 2.) Do not skip
negative vaginosis, dosage and unpleasan behind doses or double
organisms acute duration. In t metallic your eyes, upon missed
and necrosing patients given taste; seeing doses. If a dose
anaerobic ulcerative metronidazole for rash, flashes of is missed, take
spore- gingivitis, more than 10 days, itching light; as soon as
forming prevention of clinical and muscle remembered if
gram- postoperative laboratory weakness, not almost time
positive anaerobic monitoring is problems for next dose.
organisms. bacterial advise. Blood test with May cause
Bactericidal infection, should be coordinatio dizziness or light
actions of peptic ulcer monitored regularly n; -headedness.
metronidaz disease, leg especially the a seizure 3.) Caution
ole against ulcers and leucocyte count. patient or other
obligate pressure sores Special warning for activities
anaerobes and anaerobic patients with active requiring
include its infections. or chronic severe alertness until
penetration peripheral and response to
into the central nervous medication
bacterial system diseases. is known.
 PCAP, BFC and AGE 40

cell, As metronidazole 4.) Inform patient

reductive is metabolized in that medication
activation the liver, doses may cause an
and toxic should be reduced unpleasant
effect of the in patients with metallic taste.
reduced severe hepatic 5.) inform patient
intermediat impairment. that medication
e products. Patients should not may cause urine
The drink alcoholic to turn dark
intermediat beverages while
e product of taking
metronidaz metronidazole.
ole Metronidazole has
reduction shown to be
causes cell carcinogenic in
death mice and possibly
through its in rats.
interaction Unnecessary use
with of the drug should
bacterial therefore be
DNA. avoided.
Drug study

NAME OF DOSAGE, MECHANISM INDICATIO CONTRAINDICAT SIDE ADVERSE NURSING

DRUG AND FREQUEN OF ACTION N ION EFFEC ACTION RESPONSIBILIT
CLASSIFICATI CY, AND TS IES
ON ROUTE
Brand name: 1 tab BID Bacillus Acute Hypersensitivity to Nausea, hypersensiti 1.) Shake drug
Bacillus Clausii clausii spores diarrhea with B. clausii or to any Skin vity well before
overcome the duration of of the product rash, reactions, administration.
 PCAP, BFC and AGE 41

Generic name: gastric acid 14 days or excipients Stomac including - Allows equal
Erceflora barrier due to less due to h upset rash, distribution of the
their high infections, urticaria and drug in the fluid it
Classification: resistance to drugs or angioedema is in.
Anti-diarrheal both chemical poisons. have been 2.) Monitor
and physical Chronic or reported, patient for any
agents, and persistent Swelling of unusual effects
reach the diarrhea with the face, from drug.
intestinal tract duration of arms, hands, - Monitoring
intact where more than lower legs, allows detection
they are 14 days. or feet of possible side
transformed Treatment effects of the
into and drug since there
metabolically prophylaxis has been no
active of intestinal known side effect
vegetative flora of the drug.
cells. imbalance 3.) Administer
Thoroughly the and resulting drug within 30
activity endogenous minutes after
of Bacillus dysvitamino opening
clausii, sis. container.
administration Adjunctive - To avoid
of Bacillus treatment to contamination of
clausii contribu help restore the drug.
tes to the intestinal 4.) Dilute drug
restoration of bacterial with sweetened
intestinal flora that milk, orange juice
bacterial flora has been or tea.
that has been altered by - To allow easy
upset by antibiotic or administration of
imbalances of chemothera the drug.
various origins. py 5.) Administer
In addition, treatments. drug orally.
 PCAP, BFC and AGE 42

as Bacillus Treatment of - Proper

clausii is able acute and administration
to produce chronic allows better
various gastrointesti effects of the
vitamins, nal disorders drug
particularly in breast-
those in the B feeding
group, Bacillus infants
clausii helps caused by
correct intoxication
dysvitaminosis or intestinal
caused by flora
antibiotics and imbalance
chemotherapy with
in dysvitamino
general. Bacill sis.
us
clausii makes
it possible to
obtain antitoxic
and non-
specific
antigenic
activity, which
is closely
related to the
metabolic
action of
the Bacillus
clausii spores.
 PCAP, BFC and AGE 43

NAME OF DOSAGE/ MECHANI INDICATI CONTRAINDICAT SIDE ADVERSE NURSING

DRUG AND FREQUEN SM OF ON ION EFFECTS REACTIONS RESPONSIBILIT
CLASSIFICATI CY AND ACTION IES
ON ROUTE
Brand name: 8 mg q 8 Ranitidine i Ranitidine Porphyria. Headache Rash, itching/swelli 1.)Monitor signs
Zantac hours IVTT s a is used to , ng (especially of the of
competitive treat and constipati face/tongue/throat), hypersensitivity
Generic name: , reversible prevent on, severe dizziness, tr reactions,
Ranitidin inhibitor of ulcers in diarrhea, ouble breathing. including
the action o the nausea pulmonary
Classification: f histamine stomach and symptoms.
Histamine-2 at the and vomiting, 2.)Assess
blockers histamine intestines. stomach patient for
H2 receptor It also discomfort epigastric or
s found in treats or pain abdominal pain
gastric conditions and frank or
parietal in which occult blood in
cells. This the the stool,
results in stomach emesis, or
decreased produces gastric aspirate.
gastric acid too much 3.)Antagonizes
secretion acid, such effects of
and gastric as Zolling pentagastrin and
volume, er-Ellison histamine during
and syndrome. gastric acid
reduced secretion testing.
hydrogen 4.)Instruct patient
ion not to take new
concentrati medicationw/o
on. consulting
physician
Instruct patient to
take as directed
 PCAP, BFC and AGE 44

and donot increase

dose
5.)Avoid
administration
for 24 hr
preceding the
test

NAME OF DOSAGE/ MECHANIS INDICATIO CONTRAINDICATI SIDE ADVERSE NURSING

DRUG AND FREQUEN M OF N ON EFFECTS REACTIO RESPONSIBILITI
CLASSIFICATI CY AND ACTION NS ES
ON ROUTE
Brand Name: Dose: 200 Cefuroxime It is Liver or Kidney GI: nausea, Vomiting, -Determine
Betcef mg , like the indicated Disease, Diabetes, vomiting, abdominal history
Frequency: penicillins, for the History of Intestinal diarrhea pain, of hypersensitivity
q 8h is a beta- treatment Problems, CV: local colitis, reactions to
Generic Name: Route: IV lactam of Malnourished, thrombophlebi toxic cephalosphorins,
Cefuroxime antibiotic. infections Allergy to the drug tis nephropath penicillins and
By binding before the GU: Vaginitis y, hepatic history of
to specific infecting Skin: skin dysfunction allergies
 PCAP, BFC and AGE 45

Classification: penicillin- organism pain followed including particularly to

Cephalosporin binding has been by a red cholestasis drugs before
Antibiotic proteins identified purple skin , aplastic therapy is
(PBPs) or when rash that anemia, initiated. 
located caused by spreads in the hemolytic - Report onset of
inside the sensitive face or upper anemia, loose stools
bacterial bacteria. body and and -Absorption
cell wall, it Susceptibili causes hemorrhag of cefuroxime is
inhibits the ty to Betcef blistering and e enhanced by
third and (as peeling, food.    
last stage sodium) jaundice -Notify prescriber
of bacterial (Betcef) about rashes or
cell wall will vary infections
synthesis. with
Cell lysis is geography
then and time
mediated and local
by bacterial susceptibili
cell wall ty data
autolytic should be
enzymes consulted
such as where
autolysins; available.
it is
possible
that
cefuroxime
interferes
with an
autolysin
inhibitor.
 PCAP, BFC and AGE 46

NAME OF DOSAGE/ MECHANIS INDICATION CONTRAINDICAT SIDE ADVERSE NURSING

DRUG AND FREQUEN M OF ION EFFECTS REACTIO RESPONSIBILIT
CLASSIFICATI CY AND ACTION NS IES
ON ROUTE
 PCAP, BFC and AGE 47

Brand Name: Dose: 0.9 Decrease indicated for Hypersensitivity, Musculoskele Swelling, -Assess patient’s
Calpol ml fever by the treatment  acute liver failure, tal: malaise flushing, temperature
Frequency: inhibiting of mild to shock, allergy to CNS: tachycardi -Give medication
q 4h RTC the effects moderate pai the drug insomnia, a as needed only
Generic Name: Route: of pyrogens n anxiety -Check the
Paracetamol on the CV: doctor’s order
hypothalam peripheral -Provide tepid
us heat edema, sponge bath
Classification: regulating hypertension, -Assess any
Antipyretic/ centers and chest pain allergic reaction
Analgesic by a GI: nausea, such as rash and
hypothalam vomiting, urticaria
ic action constipation, -Provide calm
leading to abdominal and cool
sweating pain, diarrhea environment
and GU: oliguria -Change clothes
vasodilation Skin: rash, to light clothing
. Relieves pruritus
pain by
inhibiting
prostagland
in synthesis
at the CNS
but does
not have
anti-
inflammator
y action
because of
its minimal
effect
peripheral
prostagland
 PCAP, BFC and AGE 48

in
synthesis.

NAME OF DOSAGE/ MECHANISM OF INDICATION CONTRAINDICA SIDE ADVERS NURSING

DRUG AND FREQUE ACTION TION EFFECT E RESPONSIBILI
CLASSIFICA NCY AND S REACTIO TIES
TION ROUTE NS
 PCAP, BFC and AGE 49

Brand Name: Dose: 1.5 Metoclopramide Reglan helps Paraben Diarrhea, Muscle -Assess for
Reglan single works by treat symptoms hypersensitivity, unusual Stiffness, extrapyramidal
dose antagonizing central such GI bleeding, GI weak agitation, symptoms and
Frequency and peripheral as nausea, vom obstruction, feeling, depressio tardive
Generic : dopamine two iting, heartburn, Cardiac Disease, muscle n and dyskinesia
Name: Route: IV receptors in the feeling full long Heart Failure, pain or difficulty (more likely in
Metoclopremi medullary after a meal, Hypertension, weaknes breathing older patients)
de chemoreceptor and loss of Parkinson’s s, and - Assess for
trigger zone in the appetite. disease, Seizure drowsine tardive gastrointestinal
area postrema that disorder ss, dyskinesi complaints,
Classification: are normally restlessn a such as
Gastrointestin stimulated by ess nausea,
al Agents levodopa or vomiting and
apomorphine. It constipation. 
achieves this by -Monitor BP
decreasing the carefully during
sensitivity of IV
visceral afferent administration.
nerves that transmit -Report
from the involuntary
gastrointestinal movement of
system to the the face, eyes,
vomiting center in or limbs, severe
the area postrema depression,
in the severe
chemoreceptor diarrhea.
trigger zone.
Metoclopramide
also blocks the
antiperistaltic
effects of
apomorphine, which
allows
 PCAP, BFC and AGE 50

metoclopramide to
slow apomorphine’s
inhibition of gastric
emptying,
thereby acceleratin
g gastric emptying
by increasing the
amplitude and
duration of
esophageal
contractions. This
also increases the
resting tone of the
lower esophageal
sphincter while
simultaneously
relaxing the
duodenal bulb and
pyloric sphincter,
thereby increasing
peristalsis of the
duodenum and
jejunum. In addition
to antagonizing
dopamine and
apomorphine,
metoclopramide
also acts against
type 3 serotonin
receptors, though it
has a weaker effect
on these receptors
than on the
 PCAP, BFC and AGE 51

aforementioned dop
amine and
apomorphine
receptors.
PCAP, BFC and AGE 52