Name:3/C Manuel, Jade Carlo B.

Year/Section: S2 Alpha Mar-E Date: April 03 ,2020

Research Work: Steam Boiler fuel atomization and combustion

1. Explain the viscosity of a fuel is important in the atomization and how the viscosity of a
liquid fuel can be controlled by varying its temperature.

Controlling the viscosity of fuel oil is an important aspect of an efficient combustion. A

high viscosity fuel oil leads to improper atomisation which in turn leads to incomplete
combustion.High viscosity fuel prevents correct atomisation,which takes place in the fuel
injectors. An efficient atomisation is the basic need for the healthy mixing of fuel and heated air,
without which, no ignition or combustion can be derived. Thus, it is absolutely important to set
the viscosity value in the right range.

Viscosity of high fuel oils can be reduced by raising its temperature with the help of a
fuel oil heater. This can be done by using either, automatically regulated heaters in order to
maintain a constant temperature or by using a manual control which can be adjusted according to
the requirement.

2. Describe different type of burner and the attention required by burner atomizer tips.

Gas Burner:
Gas burners can be pre-mix and post-mix technique. Post-mix means gas and oil combines after
they enter the furnace, premix burners are vice-versa.

Oil Burners:

Fuel oil is injected into the burner using oil guns with burner tip at the end. The design and
arrangement of the tip and the gun depend on the type of atomization system. There are two
types of Oil burners.

Vapourising burner:
In the vaporization burners, the volatile fuel passes at low pressure through a tube adjacent to the
flame, where the vaporization takes place. The vapour stream issues out of an orifice at a high
velocity and entrains primary air.

Atomizing burner:
Atomizing burners have an arrangement for the atomization of liquid fuels before the actual
combustion takes place. For atomization, initially, a jet or a thin film of liquid is obtained and
allowed to emerge into the open atmosphere at a suitable velocity.
3.Describe a combustion air register identifying swirl varies flame stabilizer, air flow
control valves and burner.
The high-pressure fuel is supplied to a burner which it leaves as an atomised spray . The
burner also rotates the fuel droplets by the use of a swirl plate. A rotating cone of tiny oil
droplets thus leaves the burner and passes into the furnace. Various designs of burner exist, the
one just described being known as a 'pressure jet burner' .

The 'rotating cup burner' atomises and swirls the fuel by throwing it off the edge of a
rotating tapered cup. The 'steam blast jet burner', atomises and swirls the fuel by spraying it into
a high-velocity jet of steam. The steam is supplied down a central inner barrel in the burner.

The air register is a collection of flaps, vanes, etc., which surrounds each burner and is
fitted between the boiler casings. The register provides an entry section through which air is
admitted from the windbox. Air shut-off is achieved by means of a sliding sleeve or check. Air
flows through parallel to the burner, and a swirler provides it with a rotating motion. The air is
swirled in an opposite direction to the fuel to ensure adequate mixing . High-pressure, high
output marine watertube boilers are roof fired . This enables a long flame path and even heat
transfer throughout the furnace. The fuel entering the furnace must be initially ignited in order to
burn.

4. Explain the range of percentage of co2 which indicate good combustion, poor
combustion and bad combustion.

Complete combustion occurs when 100% of the energy in the fuel is extracted. It is
important to strive for complete combustion to preserve fuel and improve the cost efficiency of
the combustion process. There must be enough air in the combustion chamber for complete
combustion to occur. The addition of excess air greatly lowers the formation of CO (carbon
monoxide) by allowing CO to react with O2. The less CO remaining in the flue gas, the closer to
complete combustion the reaction becomes. This is because the toxic gas carbon monoxide (CO)
still contains a very significant amount of energy that should be completely burned.