The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out

the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion. It was agreed on
16th September 1987, and entered into force on 1st January 1989. Since then, it has undergone
nine revisions, in 1990 (London), 1991 (Nairobi), 1992 (Copenhagen), 1993 (Bangkok), 1995
(Vienna), 1997 (Montreal), 1998 (Australia), 1999 (Beijing) and 2016 (Kigali)[1][2][3] As a result
of the international agreement, the ozone hole in Antarctica is slowly recovering.[4] Climate
projections indicate that the ozone layer will return to 1980 levels between 2050 and 2070.The
treaty[Notes 1] is structured around several groups of halogenated hydrocarbons that deplete
stratospheric ozone. All of the ozone depleting substances controlled by the Montreal Protocol
contain either chlorine or bromine (substances containing only fluorine do not harm the ozone
layer). Some ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) are not yet controlled by the Montreal Protocol,
including nitrous oxide (N2O) For a table of ozone-depleting substances controlled by the
Montreal Protocol

The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity is an international

treaty governing the movements of living modified organisms (LMOs) resulting from modern
biotechnology from one country to another. It was adopted on 29 January 2000 as a supplementary
agreement to the Convention on Biological Diversity and entered into force on 11 September
2003.

The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty which extends the 1992 United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions, based on the scientific consensus that (part one) global warming is occurring and (part
two) it is extremely likely that human-made CO2 emissions have predominantly caused it. The
Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on 16
February 2005. There are currently 192 parties (Canada withdrew from the protocol, effective
December 2012)[4] to the Protocol.

The Philippines’ Constitution includes as a State policy that “[t]he State shall protect and
advance the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and
harmony of nature.” The first major case the Court decided with regard to this clause was the
Minors Oposa case, in which the plaintiffs filed a class action law suit on behalf of their children
and future generations, asking the Court to order the government to cancel all existing timber
license agreements in the Philippines and to stop issuing new licenses.