2016 3rd International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN)

Application of Magnetic Biasing to improve

Bandwidth in DRA Coupled Patch Antenna using
PBG Substrate
OP
1
Thakur1 ,Santanu Dwari2 ,BK Kanaujia3 ,GP Pandey4
Electronics Department, Indian School of Mines Dhanbad
2
3
Electronics Department, Indian School of Mines Dhanbad,
Ambedkar Institute
4
of communication Technology and Research, Govt of Delhi, New Delhi
Mahraja Aggrasen Institute of Technology New Delhi, Delhi
1 2 3 4
opthakur501@gmail.com, santanu_dwari@rediffmail.com, bkkanaujia@yahoo.co.in ganga.mait@gmail.com

Abstract: The paper presents the DRA-Patch hybrid structure on
photonic band gap substrate for bandwidth improvement. The
DRA-Patch pair Structure is aperture coupled by micro strip
excitation. EM fields to DRA are magnetically coupled by the slot
fed by microstrip line. DRA of high permittivity material provided
less loss EM fields. These fields have been coupled to microstrip
patch placed above the DRA through air gap. Magnetic Biasing has
been implemented to effect enhancement of bandwidth. Magnetic
Bias impacts dipole moments of ferrite material in DRA and thus
alters permittivity of DRA material which shows frequency shifts
as per chosen magnetic bias. Since almost all the structures
available in nature are resonant due to its inherent capacitance and
inductances. Combined effect of resonance enhances bandwidth.
Optimisation has been carried out, to increase bandwidth and has
been enhanced to almost 100% FB incorporating partitioning
technique. Application of such antenna can be implemented in
802.11 Bluetooth or wi-fi communications.
Keywords: DRA, FB, Magnetic Bias, PBG
I. INTRODUCTION:
Recently hybrid structures have attracted attention of researchers
for improving various propagating antenna characteristics such
as gain, bandwidth, radiation efficiency etc. Quite good attempts
have been made so far to enhance the characteristics of the
antenna. S. Fakhte, H. Oraizi, and M.H. Vadjed Samiei [1] made
oments of ferroelectric and magnetic materials are used to
enhance the BW. This paper focuses on improvement of
bandwidth by induced electric and magnetic dipole moments.
sincere efforts to enhance gain using DRA patch pair; however,
the paper lacks the ultra wideband feature of antenna, which is
the need of the modern day applications. Since every structure or
in a sense every material is resonant due to its internal
capacitance and inductance present as elemental value, JB
Pendry et al [2], the device characteristics can be altered. The
distributive parameter of the component such as inductance,
capacitance, and resistance can be modified to resonate the
structure as per the required enhancement of characteristics.
Electric and magnetic dipole moments generated by these
elements affect device characteristics. Ferroelectric crystals are
one such material, which exhibit spontaneous polarisation
depending on type of material used and level of saturation.
Polarisation induces displacement density as
' İ(3DQG' İࢺ)E
where 1+ ࢺ can be considered as relative permittivity, which is
the property of dielectric material , P is polarisation.
Polarisation change quality factor of the resonator which affects
bandwidth. Modification in H can change D and hence
bandwidth can be varied depending on magnitude of
magnetisation. Combined effects of electric dipole moments and
magnetic m

978-1-4673-9197-9/16/$31.00 ©2016 IEEE 800

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II. ANTENNA DESIGN

In order to understand the development of proposed antenna
design, a conventional DRA antenna without patch is Table 1: Various Parameter of Antenna
considered first, shown in Fig. 1(a). The proposed antenna has
been developed in three stages in the form of 3 structures. Dimension
Design A model has DRA without Patch antenna placed on Element X(mm) Y(mm) t(mm)
substrate and has been fed with aperture coupled micro strip Patch(LXW) 22 35 0.2
DRA 13.5 9 7.62
line. Micro strip feed line is etched on back plane and a slot is Air cylinder 2.5 0.8
created in the ground plane oriented perpendicular to feed line. Substrate 50 50
The electric field from a feed line is coupled to DRA through Microstrip 45 3.2144 0.2
this slot. The second model, Design B presented is DRA with L1 15 5 0.8
Magn L2 15 5 0.8
patch as shown in figure 2. The patch has been placed above
etic L3 15 5 0.8
DRA with optimised space to have considerable gain. The Bias
space has been filled with foam with dielectric constant close Air Gap 0.3
to that of air. The Final improvement in antenna design is Divider Wall 13.5 0.2 7.62
carried out with application of magnetic Bias with partitioning Slot 0.8 9.6 Neg
shown in figure 3(a) and 3(b).
The resonant frequency of TEmnp(y) mode,
A. DESIGN A: The antenna is designed for dual band
application. The operating frequency is 5.5 GHZ for various
communication purposes. The substrate material selected is f0= Where kx=
Rogers RO3010 of size 50x50x0.8 mm3 of relative PʌDN\ QʌEN] OʌG
permittivity of 10.2, relative permeability 1 and loss tangent Where kx2+ky2+kz2 İUN2
For dual band operation where f1 frequency =
0.0035. PBG Structure of substrate is created by inserting air
3.47 Ghz (for Wimax operation) And
column of diameter 1.25 mm. within the substrate material (fig
frequency f2= 5.2 Ghz ( for WLAN operation)
1). The ground plane is created above the substrate to enable
Considering
antenna system to be aperture fed. The dielectric resonator of
size 13.5x9x7.62 mm3 of ferrite material is mounted above the dimension of Dielectric resonator calculated as
13.5,9,7.62mm
ground layer. The magnetizing effect of ferroelectric material
is to provide strong electric and magnetic field for antenna.
The source signal is fed from 50 ohm micro strip line of width
3.2343mm. A slot has been cut in ground plane and substrate
to enable magnetic field lines to flow from micro strip line
into the dielectric resonator. The magnetic field generated by
micro strip line will be coupled with magnetic field lines of
ferrite in resonator to enable merging of resonance band. The
complete structure has been shown in fig 1. Other antenna
parameters are shown in table 1.

Figure 1: DR Antenna without patch (Antenna A)


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B. DESIGN B: In this design the patch of copper material is
used as radiating element. The patch of size 22x35x0.2 mm3,
is placed above DRA with optimised gap of 0.3 mm. Foam has
been used as base material to support copper patch. The
dielectric constant of foam has been considered as that of air.
The dipole moment of BaSrTaTiO3 of DRA generating more
fluxes and hence more no of field lines are emanating and
being coupled to patch. The Photonic Band Gap Structure of
substrate material is used for reduction of surface wave. The
holes of diameter 1.25mm with interval of 20mm are drilled
through and through to minimise the effect of surface wave.
The creation of air-dielectric composite structure generates
lossless Electromagnetic field. This structure modifies
dielectric constant of composite material used as substrate
which eliminates the surface wave generated due to reflected
and diffracted EM wave transmitted from radiating element
SK Sharma, L Shaifai et al [4]. As shown in figure the DRA-
Patch pair is used to enhance the bandwidth and gain has
increased up to 8.02 dBi..
Figure 2: structure of proposed Antenna Design B with patch
C. DESIGN C: In this design magnetic bias with partition is
introduced. Magnetic bias has been provided with three
magnetic slabs having magnetic saturation of 1700 tesla. The
rectangular slabs of size 15x5x0.8 mm3 are put around micro
strip feed line. Two slabs are under the substrate, fitted with
adhesive to hold with substrate material and one slab is above
the substrate placed with foam as base


material so that magnetic field lines are surrounding the feed line.
A rectangular shaped structure has been placed within the DRA in
XY direction so that magnetising current shall be equal in both
part of DRA as shown in fig 3. The position of rectangle is such
that it equally receives the current in both of its portions. With this
technique, we can achieve bandwidth from 4.5 GHZ to 10 GHZ.
III. CREATING MAGNETIC BIAS:
The Ferroelectric material BaSrTaTIO3 has been used for
providing magnetic bias to DRA. The dipole moment generated
by the ferrite material increases flux density. The magnetic bias
with three slabs of size 15x5x0.8mm3 in XY coordinates has been
placed around the feed line proximity with DRA. Ferrite material
has been selected with magnetic saturation 1700 tesla to provide
better magnetising effect. The Ferrite material is Barium
Strontium Titanate (Ba Sr TiO 3), although silicon oil and
Naphthalene oil are some of variants which can give similar result.
The increase of flux density increases bandwidth. Optimisation for
bandwidth is carried out by varying magnetic saturation from
1000 tesla to 1700 tesla. Simulation result shows 50%FBW with
maximum of 4 dB gain at 6.4 GHZ. in figure 3(b).
Figure 3(a): Antenna Design C showing magnetic bias around feed line.
This structure is further improved by adding a slab of conducting
material in DRA. The conducting slab is placed between the two
halves of DR antenna elements. The adhesive has been used for
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making elements firm over surface of substrate, as well as

against DRA. The magnetic field line have been scattered
around the conducting medium giving rise of field lines of
antenna to spread over frequency range.

(c)

FiFigurFigure 4 (a): S (1, 1),4 (b): Gain Vs

Frequency,4(c) Radiation pattern (polar plots) of
Antenna Design A (DRA without Patch)

Figure 3(b): showing conducting slab put between two halves

of DRA antenna Figure 5 (a)

IV. SIMULATION RESULT AND

ANALYSIS:

Figure 4(a)

Fig.5. (b)

Figure 4(b)


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VI. REFERENCES
[1] S. Fakhte, H. Oraizi, and M.H. Vadjed Samiei Progress in
Electromagnetic Research C, Vol. 30, 147-158, 2012
[2] J.B. Pendry, A.J. Holden, D.J Robbins, and W.J. Stewart IEEE
Transaction on Microwave Theory and Technique vol 47, No. 11
November 1999.
[3] Petosa, A., Ittpiboon, Y. M.M Antar, and D. Roscoe, Recent
advances n dielectric resonator
[4]SK Sharma and L Shafai IEEE international Conference 2001 7803-
7070-8Padhi, and Jeffrey S. Fu
[5] N.C. Karmakar Mohmmad N. Mollah, Santanu K Padhi, and Jeffery
Fig. 6.(a)
s Fu Microwave and Optical Technology Letters Vol 45 No.3 Aug
2005. Ruccer Fel Song “International Journal of RF and computer
Aided Engineering DOI 1002/mmce.

Fig. 6(b )

Figure 6 (a): S(1 1), 6(b): Gain Vs Freq

Figure 7 : Comparative analysis of BW of different Design.

The response of various design shows improvement in band width from
Design A through C.

V. CONCLUSION:
Antenna design suggested has ultra wideband antenna response.
Magnetic Biasing and Partitioning were used to enhance the
antenna bandwidth. The bandwidth of antenna C has been
enhanced from 4.7 GHZ to 10 GHZ. The gain can be enhanced by
varying the gap between DRA and patch in future work.