Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Angular Velocity vs. Linear Velocity PDF
Angular Velocity vs. Linear Velocity PDF
Neal, WKU
MATH 117 Angular Velocity vs. Linear Velocity
Given an object with a fixed speed that is moving in a circle with a fixed radius, we can
define the angular velocity ! of the object. That is, we can determine how fast the radian
measure of the angle is changing as the object moves on its circular path.
r v
v = linear speed r
! = angular speed
v =!r
We always use radians as the unit of measure when working with angular velocity.
For instance, our angular velocities should be in units such as (rad) / sec or (rad) / hr .
However sometimes we will give the result in other layman’s terms, such as revolutions
per minute or degrees per second, so as to give a better understanding of how fast the angle
is moving.
But in order to do calculations with angular velocity, we always must use radians.
(rad)
Note though that radians will be an “invisible” unit. For example the units ! ft
sec
will yield ft/sec.
v 2"
v = !r != !=
r time of 1 rev.
(a) Give the angular velocity in rad/sec and in degrees per second.
(b) Find the linear velocity of a point on its rim in mph.
Solution. (a) To convert rpm (revolutions per minute) to radians per second, we first
note that there are 2! radians per revolution. We then have
Dr. Neal, WKU
(b) We use v = ! r , but we must be in the correct units. The angular velocity must use
radians. Thus, the linear velocity is then
rad ft
4! " 2.5 ft = 10! .
sec sec
ft ft sec 1 mile
10! = 10! " 3600 " ≈ 21.42 mph.
sec sec hr 5280 ft
Example 2. A tire with a 9 inch radius is rotating at 30 mph. Find the angular velocity
of a point on its rim. Also express the result in revolutions per minute.
Solution. We simply use ! = v / r , but we must make sure that v and r have matching
length units. Here we shall use miles in order to put ! in (rad)/hr.
1
Note that the units actually come out as ; however, radians are a suppressed unit
hr
with regards to angular velocity. So we write (rad) / hr .
How many revolutions per minute are there with this spinning tire? Because one
revolution is 2π radians, we have
We also can find the angular velocity and the linear velocity at the equator of a planet
given that we know the radius of the planet r and the time that it takes for the planet to
! !
make one ( 360 ) rotation on its axis. (Note: One 360 rotation on the axis is not the
same as the actual length of a day due to the planet’s orbital movement relative to the
Sun.)
Dr. Neal, WKU
Planetary Data
Example 3. The radius of Earth is approximately 3963.2 miles. It takes 23h 56m 4.1s for
the Earth to rotate once on its axis. (a) Find the angular velocity and linear velocity at
the equator. (b) Find the linear velocity at 50º N latitude.
2"
Solution. (a) We now shall use ! = . The angular velocity of Earth’s spin
time of 1 rev.
2! (rad)
is then given by ! = ≈ 0.262516 .
" 56 4.1 % hr
$ 23 + + ' hr
# 60 3600 &
360!
We also could say ! = ≈ 15.041º per hour.
! 56 4.1 $
# 23 + + & hr
" 60 3600 %
!
(Note that it takes just under 24 hours to rotate 360 , so every hour the Earth must
!
rotate a little more than 1/24 th of a circle, or just over 15 .)
(rad)
v = ! r ≈ 0.262516 ! 3963.2 miles ≈ 1040.4 mph.
hr
Dr. Neal, WKU
(b) At 50º N latitude, the angular velocity is the same, but the radius is smaller. (Recall:
r = 3963.2 cos(50º ) at 50º N). So the linear velocity at 50º N is now only
(rad)
0.262516 ! 3963.2 cos(50º ) miles ≈ 668.76 mph.
hr
Example 4. Jupiter rotates in approximately 9h 50m. Its radius is 11.194173 times that
of Earth’s. Find the linear velocity at the equator of Jupiter.
2!
v=!r = ! (11.194173 ! 3963.2 miles) ≈ 28,347.65 mph.
(9 + 50 / 60) hr
Exercises
1. A cylinder with a 2 ft radius is spinning at 450 rpm. (a) Find its angular velocity in
degrees per sec. (b) Find the linear speed on the rim in mph.
2. If a cylinder with a 6 in. radius is spinning at 24 mph, find the angular velocity in
rpm of a point on its rim.
4. The radius of Mars is 0.532036 times that of Earth. One rotation on its axis takes
about 24 hr, 37 min, 22.662 sec. Find the linear speed of its equatorial spin.
Dr. Neal, WKU
Solutions
(rad) 1 rev 1 hr
Then 253,440 ! ! ≈ 672.27 rpm.
hr 2! rad 60 min
2!
(b) The linear velocity is v = ! r = ! 3491.146 miles ≈ 916.48 mph.
" 56 4.1 %
$ 23 + + '
# 60 3600 &
(c) We first find the angle between 76! 08! E and 53! 44 ! E which is given by 75! 68! –
!
53! 44 ! = 22! 24! = 22.4 . The distance between the points is then s = ! r =
"
22.4! ! ! 3491.146 ≈ 1364.8766 miles.
180
2! (rad)
4. v = ! r = ( 0.532036 ( 3963.2 miles ≈ 538.05 mph.
" 37 22.662 %
$ 24 + + ' hr
# 60 3600 &