9. OT N _ chéngshi city 10. HLA N _ difang place ile Vv érzi son 12. ¥ N cdi food; a dish D PRY SA PH FLAG I “You just came back to Beijing from Xi’an”. “JA+NP” forms a prepositional phrase that precedes the verb, indicating the starting point of an action. The object of the preposition “JA” usually a word or a phrase denoting location or time (see Lesson 16). For example: PME BA MR. WMEB RP A In order to function as the object of “JA”, a noun or a pronoun that doesn't denote location must be followed by “iXJL” or “3B JL", thus completing the prepositional phrase which modifies the verb. For example: RIK AL BAB ILA 6 HEA ABIL? REVI AGILE ARE Q@ FR)MEABEAT LL. “The food (I had) was passable. “HELA” is used as an adjective here, meaning “good, not bad”. “i FJ L\” means “passable; just so-so”. For example: UPB BETA, MLB PA REWRRZ TV, D HBT. “Look, it’s your turn now.” “j%+NP+(V)+ 7” means “it's somebody's turn (to do something)”. For example: -7-EMRE. ® Pea FE “Good morning, Lin Na.” “FL! "is another expression commonly employed by Chinese people as a greeting. It is usually used to say hello to someone in the morning. The common reply to it is also “4! ” For example: —20F! — FY O RAV wT HE” “I know how to say ‘I don’t understand.”” In the Shanghai dialect, the expression “ffi {i” means “I don’t understand.” In this dialect, “#8” can be pronounced “fil fir”([A?IA]), whereas “7K” is pronounced “4” ([va?]). © Ree La“ AE. “This means ‘I don’t understand’ in the Shanghai dialect.” “E" (1) has the function of empha It is used to either confirm a fact, or stress that “this is exactly what the fact is”. For example: LURLE. HABDAS i KEY SENTENCES : 1 AMF! PARR MEATS? : 2. RRAGKA,KRALBT. i 3. AMAR DLE, 4. FR-KRGRS VAR BH? 5. ABI R ABIL At Are 6. RRA 7. FBARBRA ORAL. 8. RR ERE N RAE”LieR — 4 Kk (Chéngshi) , 3 FARA AR BE Ee BRS 3) RAL HIS, EAA RRA So KRHRAAMT RS AS A (difang) ALK TAY FAR HE TRS ATH . MILF (Erzi LAI, AUP BARAT LAAT ZA IL MK OAR, ABA FEIT ER (COI) AE AAG ALR AE o RARE ELAR AE HE PCR IRE AEF E TJS ZMLAAK, KRAA LG RIG WA BILE ME. TEM LAER AS Me BN MALBARH EMG, FRAME PREMAAR AA ALA RAMEE, ” 1. ##253MH(1) The complement of state (1) In Chinese, a verb or an adjective is frequently followed by an element provid- ing further detail or explanation. TI led the complement. Among the various forms of complements, the one that describes or comments on the achieved state of an action is called the complement of state. It is usually formed by an adjective or an adjectival phrase. The structural particle “#}” must be placed between the verb and the complement of state. To create the negative form, “78” should be put before the complement of state. V+ i + Adv + A RO ik - a a a The V/A-not-V/A question form is constructed by juxtaposing the affirmative form of the complement with its negative form. V+ @ + A + A RL RF RD BR BR RR? In this kind of sentence, if there is an object following the verb, the verb needs to be reduplicated and then placed after the object, but before “4”. The first verb is often omitted. 16(VY) + 0+ V+ # + Adv + A Predicate Subject, [~——— —— o | v8" | aay A [Pee te ge |e | em ile | & le | | 3B B? Life ae a | [iene | jem | GL) [aba 2 a BAH? am [|e | ew Notes; (1) A complement formed by an adjective is usually preceded by “4jt”. This is similar to the case in which the adjective is used as a predicate. For example, “3RAR7LL” , “BILE” - (2) The focus of a sentence containing a complement of state is centered on the complement. Therefore, both its question form and related answer form are usually made from variations on the complement. Its negative form is made by negating the complement rather than by placing “JX” before the verb. Hence, it is incorrect to say OO “HARARE. ” (3) In this kind of sentence, the elliptical form can be used to answer a ques— tion. For example, Question Answer RRERERAS? RBA, BUMRAAL, ARAL. 2. Br “T” OQ: HEHE RAI Particle “T” @, Confirming the completion or realization of something In Lesson 13, we learned that the particle “7” @ can follow a verb to denote the completion or realization of an action. In this lesson, we see that “7” @ always appears at the end of a sentence. It emphatically confirms the completion or realization of some event or situation. Compare the sentences in groups A and By [1] Incorrect sentences are marked by ® in this book. ~16-rather than To form a V/A-not-V/A question, negative ( “+B.” ), A VEE MILI Where are you going? RAH. I am going to the shopping mall. WEHAT What are you going to buy? RE RR Tam going to buy some clothes. In group A, To negate a sentence with the particle “7” @, place the adverl “oR B WEMILT? Where have you been? Or Where did you go? REBT. I've been to the shopping mall. Or I went to the shopping mall. MEAT? What have you bought? Or What did you buy? RERMT 6 T've bought some clothes. Or I bought some clothes. “APH” and “SCAR” are not completed actions in the past. In group B, however, these two actions are definitely completed or realized. CA)” before the verb, and omit “7” from the end of the sentence. juxtapose the affirmative form of the verb with its or add“... }¥444" to the end of an affirmative sentence. Vi o+ yey Predicate Subject 1 - | Adv O78 Po B & ae Te te aA * Lite RE a R TB a & Bs TRA? #& SMES | RB? Notes; (1) When present, the particle “J” @) always indicates that actions or events “77 @ (especially several events have taken place in the past. However, it is not true that is always required to express past events. To narrate a past event taking place consecutively ) or to describe a scene at a specific moment, without -17-confirming the realization of the action, we can leave out “J”. For example; EMAWLFLA LY, FEERM—-ARA, (2) If “J” simultaneously follows the verb and stands at the end of the sentence, it then performs both functions mentioned above. For example; WET o “J” expresses the completion and realization ANT. of the action and confirms the completion or TREKS. realization of some event or situation. 3. ShTKYHH Reduplication of the verb In Chinese, verbs can be reduplicated. The form for reduplicated monosyllabic verbs is “AA” or “AWA”. However, the form for reduplicated bisyllabic verbs is “ABAB” , and “—” cannot be added between the two syllables of bisyllabic verbs. For example; @7i, itil, &—4, HIN, BA, IMAM, MIB, ete. Reduplicating a verb has the function of implying a short duration for that action or the idea of giving something a try. In this sense, it is similar to adding “—-” to the verb. 4. 100~10000A#R3cH Numeration for numbers from 100 to 10,000 101 -—FO- 102 —qF¥OH we 109 —FOXA 110 —H—+ Ml -F#-+— 12 HF ee 9 —F#—-+A 120 —gat 191 -FAt-— 192 —FAPS ves 19 —Grte 200 =F 21 =FO- 202 =FOR ve 209 =HOR 210 =H—H 91 ABAP— 992 AMAL ve 999 ABATA 1000 —F 1001 -FO0— 1010 —FO—+ — 1052. —F OR += 1100 —4$—-F 1109 —+-—FOA 3543 +H AwW+= 8990 AFAFA+ 9999 AFAAATA -18-D SRILA LABS? “Can I start borrowing books today? ” ‘The adverb “3£"(2) is often used to suggest the earliness or quickness of an action, It is also used to indicate that an action or event takes place immediately after the previous one. For example: ACR BARAT RMREREAH 0 D Seite ATE ARMA CBR, “Now that you are living in China, you should fill in the form by yourself.” ‘The pronoun “7G” is frequently used to refer back to the pronoun or noun preceding it for emphasis. eg. “(WAG”,“HNAC” “NRAG” “200A CS” “Be ene”. @ Aan. “You yourself know (what to write).” © WRB LBA . “T heard that you had an exam last week.” e “I” and “7” are both used with reference to the order of things or to time sequence, with “:" meaning “last” or “previous”, and “"F” meaning “next” or “the following”. last/previous ER (last time). L2H (last Friday) (2&4) 29H (this Friday) ~ 2% (next Friday) EA (last month) ik 4+ A (this month) = (next month) next/the following time) FX inext time) © RIL ABA LES eat al? “How long is the loan period here for a book? ” ~33-© AARNE “The fine for an overdue book is two mao per day.” 1. dinak-eve, 2. RINE, AAC HIEDT 3. FR RT BP 4 DAP EE AKA CRA, 5. PILAR ESE RARE BIE T 6. KIL AG BTAT S Kadi? 7. BO REMT BARAK 8. at Rat PAA, Adee FU: 1. JAE FFU Master the following phrases (1) RARE FARR BMARLALY FFRABBARE ALR -LROE —PLRLI RGB —DLRE RF (2) BUS Ate HtF ACH ALR] AUR Hemi RACE WACEEAH MAGIA 114 CHR SRAACHSF AKRACHHABS AMNATAIOE +R ES FR FR #R HE BR SE thé FRA FRA SWEHR HSE BRR NHRE NLR FMHR PRHA HF-APR FRABAT FRAT FIST eLT tebe T tes T AORRART RIED T te PH BET TOMAR T AK PILET (5) -+A F-AL BH Em BIER M+ a eh RTBDH FTI Ha MI-SA AMT SR FIT—-H GB (4 ~34-RHE RR HORT AOR LT FCAT PARA LET AAA — RAAT ESS mn 1. fRARIANE The simple directional complement “3” and “3e” are often placed after certain verbs to act as their complements, showing the direction of their actions. Such complements are called simple directional complements. If the action moves towards the speaker, or proceeds towards the objects) under discussion, we use “3£" ; and if the action moves away from the speaker or proceeds away from the object(s) under discussion, we use “Je”. For example; _ DEAK LAT. (The speakers are standing upside, BC, UNA, | (The speakers are standing outside. ) -40-GH: ith hae T (The speakers are standing downside. ) it should be placed between the verb and its complement. To negate the completion of an action, the negative adverb “3% (4 )" is used. To form the W/A-not-V/A question with this vonstruction, use the affirmative and negative forms of the predicative verb. V+ 0+ R/K If @ verb with a simple directional complement has an obj Predicate Subject — —— = Adverbial Vo | 0 | RH | pt | an | & | aw | | & | % | ein | m bok | Fe | etn | £ | ® * Ta? | aR | em | ole * | | & WR | RE MER a! fe | eee | om a | Note; The verb in this type of sentence cannot be modified by the particle “7” ®; but the particle “7” @ can be used at the end of the sentence to show that something has already happened. Thus, we cannot say @ “ffl FRAN? ” 2. “GB” 4] (1) The “#3” sentence (1) The “J2" sentence is a kind of sentence with a verbal predicate. It is frequently used in Chinese to show how the action in the sentence disposes of an object and how this disposal affects the object, i.e. whether the object has been transposed, or its state has been changed. For example; General statement vs. Emphasis on disposal Ar MMH TI? As (eA? GARBRILT? B; REBHT. B; 4e#2ET. (s0 you can't find it now) -41-A; Heth 2 RIG? Ar MRA LAA AG ABET 7 Gb 2H), B, AapAA, Riek EAST. (so I've made such a mistake) In the “#8” sentence, the preposition “#82” and its object — the thing(s) to be disposed of — must function together as an adverbial and be placed after the subject and before the verb. S + #8 + O + V + other elements Predicate Subject "| Adverbial| Prep | | Other | Opv v | “3” | (disposed of) elements & | x | & So | te | te PRR AR Ae RH x Ta? & a | *& te kA B T. He | de | RHE Ie TRA? We can see the following points from the sentences in the above table: (1) The main verb in the “4” sentence must be a transitive one, and often it has the meaning “dispose of” or “manipulate”. Verbs such as “AP, 48 JK, 3, FE, HAF and MMi", which do not have the meaning “dispose of” or “manipulate”, cannot be used in the “ff!” sentence (2) The object in the “#8” sentence is usually definite in the speakers mind, Therefore, we cannot say: @“HRIE—ABIET 5” We can only say: BRIGIBAGA KET”, or “RIFE LUC AABIE To (3) ‘The verb in the “4” sentence must take some other element (s) after it. ‘The “J” sentences discussed in this lesson all have the particle “7” at the end (and we will introduce the other “48” sentences with different element (s) later). We cannot say: ® “FR{BIX HLA"; we must say: “FLEA ILA ST” instead. (4) An optative verb or adverb (functioning as an adverbial) must be put be- fore “#8”. For example: “HAGE LUM BBT . ” 3. RYHL7MH (1) The time-measure complement (1) ‘The time-measure complement is used after a verb to indicate the duration of -42-an action or state. When the verb has an object, it is duplicated after the object and then followed by a time-measure complement. The first verb is usually omitted 1n this construction, and its interrogative form often uses the phrase “4 {cif fi]. sure complement (V) + O + V + time Subject | Lm | ef + | TAK | # | Tt an Gh) | BE | OT o Kati? & CH) | she * Tt Bhat | Note: Only time phrases indicating a period of time can be used as time-measure complements, such as “—J} 6h, Abit, 2A, HAE and —2 JL". Time phrases indicating a point of time on the time scale, such as +, AS, 2002 4£”, cannot be used as time-measure complements, since they do not express a duration of time. For example, we cannot say: @ “RT —A#. ” To create the negative form, a negative adverb is usually placed before the predicative verb of the sentence with the time-measure complement. For example: TARRAFDEF WETTESAL ASE A T BAN om? RPE RAS BAA 1. ISAIAH (2) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (2) Ideographic method (44%): This is a method in which new characters are reated by adding signs to conventional symbols and pictographs. ‘There is only a small number of characters that fall under this category, and they are basically of =43-6. AEF N kuzi trousers; pants 1. AP N xiangsheng comic dialogue; repartee 8. TRA TE liGobugt amazing; terrific; extraordinary 9. # A bdo thin 10. & M ye page u. AF N fidozi material for making clothes 12. AP N bu cloth; fabrie B. Be Adv — Z6ngshi always 4. N bido watch D MHA ws Ta] T 2 “How long have you been in Beijing?” Some actions, such as &,B)", do not endure over time, so a time-measure complement must be used to indicate a period of time from the occurance of this kind of actions until the time of speaking. When the verb is followed by an object, the time-measure complement must be placed after the object. For example: RAPREB-HT, RARERE BAD NAT D BEAR NTE MG HART “Now there are plenty of stores and shopping malls in Beijing,” In spoken language, “HT” and “4&7” are often placed after an adjective or T” denotes a verb as a complement to indicate an extent or degree. highest degree, while “4” indicates a great extent of difference. For example; AN +&T/ &T ikea, RE AT. we ae wT. MAPA it $7. PH rte FB $Te ~55-@ RT! “That's wonderful!” In spoken language, this is an expression indicating absolute agreement or satis- faction. It is more emphatic than “RSET” . Note the range of expressions used to describe the qualities of things; HART AUF T (marvelous; excellent ) | ARTES HLF (very good), 1 (good ) | AHHH (not bad ) FATWA, THREW (passable; just so-so), AREF (not very good) ! ASE BHR (bad ) ® REAETHT. “I have already bought the shirts.” A verb plus the particle “J” is a perfective construction. If the object doe= not have an attributive or a numeral classifier compound, it requires the parti “J"@® to complete the sentence. These two particles together indicate the comple- tion and realization of the action expressed by the verb. They also emphasize that th+ event or situation has already occurred. For example: RETABT. RET AT » D MH, RET SORE, “Miss, I'm really sorry to have troubled you so much.” This expression conveys apology as well as heartfelt thanks. © pe, ARI. “All right, Tl buy this one.” This is a common shopping expression. The word “i” shows emphasis. -56-KEY SENTENCES » RAH FS Keb iT? AER AE, Boh BR 20h? . REBRTHBT. . Abe eae ne AME Rao a. = Aba a oe RE BR A KN. EA AME TS T . Me IR WOR doit FS LAE HE ABH SIT SAI AaVALH S|} 1. SABE FAINT Master the following phrases a) (2 (3) (4) (35) Rh 2 By Rh PH We ho Ma Sika AB Ab MAH MH RPK Mey TALS A ML BEPAH MAB RTH MRR ay Pee SH PR Ne Bokeh Die ee REM spikay IL sey CHAR Hh FR AATH Hee Hew HORSE ERIE RAK HEH SR eae eA RRA OA AA MAB HR OR YORI EARP POR LAUR AR HATRR REATKR KHAD HERD B-P PGTHR PORK FH Hew RE Dat HABE E I Heb RRP HAAR-—AIL ARMA SRI ART HHT HAT TREAT SSZRT BEMT HST HST FST KST B37 2ST HOT RAST BRST FRST BRST SST RALKEFT AKA-FT ABRTAT MRTCBE DMT SRB CB-AHE DT -57-Ar BRB RPA S RK? B: RPHET BR? A: ROS4+—. 1 BRRA-B A: BE%. HSA? B; 172B4, ME? A: RMA ITB ADAH AILS B: RM, KX (ZOngshl) KH — BIL, Ar REA. Hay (DIG) LK? B: AUR A: RHRAT A. B: Bay RHR ATR bat, A: RB%. —? eae ern 1. “8Y"598(1) The “BY” phrase (1) ‘The “ft” phrase is const ted by placing “ff)" after a noun, @ pronoun, an ad- jective, a verb, or a noun or verbal phrase. It is equivalent to a noun and expresses some distinction. Pr/N/A + fH BR #4) (mine) 28 #4 (the teacher's) 28 # (the silk one) K #4 (the big one) ~64-The “A” phrase can be used as a subject or an object in a sentence, For example: BRT, RA IH ARR Wee, 2. FASTA“ He” 2278 H8R(1) Comparison using the preposition “H” (1) ‘The preposition “ff” may be used to compare the qualities and characteristics of two things. “H" and its object form a prepositional phrase and are often placed before the adjective, in sentences with an adjectival predicate. S + Prep*te” + N/Pr + A Predicate Subject $$$ Prep “It” N/Pr A Te aE we A BAB. RE. RGSHRG we DBE Be ka MB ALAS ib, Lm He fe te ‘The preposition “ parison in sentences with a verbal predicate. with its object may be placed before a verb to express com- S + Prep“it” + N/Pr + VP Predicate Subject >_< N Prep “ti” N/Pr ve a we & | mit fF S. 8 ds Ea # wt FF OH. i en Ris % iT ca RAL The adverb “7s” is placed before “E£" to form a negative comparative sentence. “ ae AHAB, _ ain & 4 & To If expressed by verbs with resultative complements, th Thus, = “}( 47)” is commonly used in the negation, while the W/A-not-V/A question. For example; MAE T RA? FULT ES GRAGHERT RA? WEA HAR. ‘The adjective “df” in this lesson is used as a resultative complement, indicating on is usually complete. + TMA" is used for that an action is completed to satisfaction. For example; -87-BM RE FIBRE HAF, MAL, 2. “fa” $4a(2) The “dp” sentence (2) ‘There are two types of “Jil” sentence in this lesson; A. “Yi” sentence with the predicative verb “to give”, such as “4”, GR", “HR BO", SB", ete. ‘This type of “4g” sentence commonly indicates giving a certain object to a certain person. S + “J” + Oy (sth.)+ V( “to give”) + O(sb.) Predicate Subject | came On Vv ° | Adv | "JE" | (something) | (to give) | (somebody) | ° # fae | mie) R te de % Be a jap) e | OR te 4 te je | ah x & Te fe Le | ® & & Te B. “Ygy” sentence with simple directional complement The basic form of the “ff” sentence with a simple directional complement is; S+ Adv + “Ga" + O + V+ R/K + (T) Predicate Subject. - Adv “ju” On Vv HK/E Pt ae fe ARP RR * to & BR fe Ps | & To BRA) BH ze) MAH | so & x | we | + & te # % je | ae we | R To 3. “J” $4(2) The “f2” sentence (2) We have already leaned the “Jf” sentence; for example “4@/%™% 29". Its subject and object are nouns or pronouns. The function of the “fy” phrase is e~ quivalent to that of a noun; thus it can also serve as the subject and the object of a “JB” sentence. —88-S + Jb + N/A/PL/Vp + fh Predicate Subject _ a | | Adv 1 “je” “a0” phrase | A fA" phrase | RRA ROH | | z tei, BAKA az 24) aakt x FR, BAF | ox | 2 | xu. RR & BRAN, Pk | | 8 Ri. 1. FATS (4) Methods of constructing Chinese characters(4) Phonetic loan method ( {fi (#3): This method uses the shape and sound of a readily available character to represent another word that has the same sound. For ex- or ample, thi | meaning of “fr” was “axe”; it is now borrowed as a measure word unit of weight”, which h to represent “ ss the same sound. “#%" was originally used to represent a type of weapon; now it is used to write the first person pronoun. “36” originally meant “wheat”; it is now borrowed to mean “come”, because the sounds were the same in a nt times. All foreign words borrowed through transliteration are applications of the phonetic loan method. For example, “42” (sofa), “AIR” (coke), ete, 2. AGBAWF Leam and write basic Chinese characters ne 77 & si the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches 3 strokes 2 ab " "2A fu not 5 strokes yR (7s eeegegg F xiang elephant 11 strokes -89-6) 4 wang E> RE 7) #i® hangkong fi > fp t+ + IL Bae eT 8) iia hdiyun (Hie) wrath (9) WH yourei (38 $% ) > b+ W 10) QU Ro+R 11) i 424% tongzhidan (8 42 #) > ++ 12) 4 8& hUzhdo (342%) Poise 13) BA keqi (FA) Boo 1 Kev 14) 3€ 11 Jiangué Mén (3 8) Pd) Boe 15) 3% lu Bo eg + A+ D 8 strokes 10 strokes 8 strokes 7 strokes 9 strokes 8 strokes 8 strokes 7 strokes 9 strokes 8 strokes 13 strokes -91-(16) A# qiché (AB) Asai +e 7 strokes (17) 44% hdoxiang Brm4Ae Re 13 strokes (18) "6411 Zanmen (+f 4") y@o>wm+ yg 9 strokes (19) 4% R shoupidoyudn (4% Hh) Tem +R 11 strokes 3 (20) #(34) M(bian) woroA tii 5 strokes (21) 34 zhon 3h s+ bh 10 strokes (22) wudk ditié (484%) we > E+ 6 strokes ROE +k 10 strokes (23) ks fangxin Bow +R 8 strokes (24) #42 ZGogao AM A + — + + Ar atrokes (25) #1 Qianmén (if P1) BS + S$ At TO strokes -92-otes Transportation in China ‘The Chinese transportation industry has developed rapidly since the economic reforms. By late 1997, the total national railroad network comprised 57566 km. The network has expanded to reach every province, every region, and cities, except in Tibet. (The Qi construction.) 80% of all the cities in the country have access to railways. In 1997 the total length of roads was 1.2 million kilometers. Roads have ex- i-Tibet railway is now under panded to all cities and counties throughout the country, with a coverage of 98% of townships (xiéng, 4) and 80% of villag started in the mid 1980's. Now the total length of the modem highway is 19 thou- Modem highway construetion first sand kilometres, ranking the second in the world, There were a total of 967 commercial passenger airline routes in 1997, which was approximately a seven-fold increase from 1978, ~93-Have you ever seen traditional Chinese painting? Our friend Ding Libo not only appreciates it, he also knows how to paint traditional Chinese paintings. He is going to tell us the differences between traditional Chinese painting and oil painting, In this lesson, you will lea a new way to make comparisons between things. SETTUR Lesson 19 Hh TH IBS EA HH LAN PE vy Viverves TAR: MART, KAMERA AN BSP cv ve vv weve RN De OM: RPT RMT, SRR-RBAM PLA, vevowss > TAR: KREKPAS! Leasteseetia) Expressing a dutation of time a AO: RT RAE RR hw, ~94-TAR: TA: : WWE ZH? : RBE- PAG, AGRAMH-LRH, RRA? VeveN vv 24s 4vene ve vey BRIAR, W/REK PAG MRT BY I AHH Nee ve versus SPAS, KL APAHRT S747? MCR OTIOAT! AAR GER DERE, ik: RHE” KEERAMB AERP HBR, TEAS CS 2 2 KRG. REEUARG LE MEKBPARS, Me w Nerve WERE EFS RA, (RE) ‘Talking about hobbies . a eS KARAS PAG, DER. VV¥VN Fee NN veen cy HE BH vue VN FN VNves BRK. Sv vee OM, UGE BRA? Lee vvvvv Avo vay TAR: RT ART! MTR GAH BES AE ig] New Words 1. PRG ON zhénggudhud traditional Chinese painting H+} Hii, Bea PB Hh BL N huar painting 2. N yéuhua oil painting 394) , Eh Se Bi Ah ia you oil 3. AF ylyang the same; alike —##tt,—PESE, —PE Si), — BERS, RS 4. %A4E ON méishuguan art gallery SWAN, BAMA 5. FIT vo kdimén to open the door; to begin a day's business ji/5 FFI] MB IL IF, TATE RAFT 6. & Vv ohua to: pat JL, 2 o> hii 1 A lao old; experienced 2A, BUH, 256 1 MAR 8 BR N hudjia painter; artist 2 WH, ESATA AT & R NN jia specialist HFK, LEK, RAK 9. RK OE bu gandang I really don’t deserve this 10. RAF N/V aihdo hobby/to like ABBR AAR SF, BF BIL, 8 Vv chang to sing12. RA N jingja Beijing opera FRGZ Ei 13. FB A mamahaha so-so; careless WE #95 7 pe pe, OGTR BES See eS SRE BR A mahu careless 14, M fu (measure word for painting, cloth, etc.) — RTL JL, — OF 15. #467 = PN XG _Béihdng —_—(name of a well-known Chinese painter) cov Ne Ne S44 TAR: ANCBAT —P Hab GILT AA, SNS NNN ee BERKEL EH LREI® AM, AC, Ak SEE Bh ERY THAR: RHA BILAT, => (ite) een Dy KOM: MARK ~ A BAARA, RRP GMI GBR. veo vooNeys HOR: ARBLGL MILA — AF?THR: a Om: TAR: TAR: -98- 2 XA Sa? VVN 4 oven ON FENN KS BRAT BRB eS Y ES Foi BOAR tf. vous BAR-H? - NN VON FARR LRN NN PHS AA Gee AA; PO GEL LOKG, is eA eS —-REMBB Seve NOVA DN FeV NN ere MGLAZO, PHSEFAZA, KARR Nvvovvae JL:GRRGT—-ED RAH BAS, VAvoo4 tue en Svovvnssnny 2 TRAMEARE AG ORG. LAMAR FARE vue xy v ne BRAN ILIORT , REG TIO AEH Ih HEAR,TAR: THK: OM: HMR, TARERAM EGR GH DEAH. > RG, TRALAAK, . NN eR LN es ATT KURA G SHH, ENHRHL OATH! VN Nea Ue At, BRB AT 2 oN vA ve vy Nerves PRGRAQIRINBRR-HY Sv NN VN vs vues . 4b jy New Worts L 2 we ON didnt elevator 40H HE BE, FHLB RABE ADL FRR VO kGi wanxido to crack a joke; to make fun of HIIFSE RF ROT & A méi Deautiful 1230 4 FB ALIEN HM AL A H eH =—-N— cailido material FAV HPS ELAS: EDSS WAC HL A & N zhi paper FASE, S46, HAE e N bu cloth AVR CU, UA ACH EZ A zhttyao main BEAL, EBL, Be BEAN, EEA xz N mo Chinese ink AUS i81, FUS we N youcdi greasepaint FIU3% i Alay biéde other SHH JL, 5 WAR , AE SH AOE HO HIN EF Ba N kongbdi blank space #2 4,2 M2 R Adv Zhi only FA, FL, FRA, FES FM i ASC, ee we M pt (measure word for horses) —UE-% -99-U. FAS PN xiGingxiang to imagine #84R—F , Ha MR pao to run SAK BOSS ROA AE A ta it féng wind 4 Pl, BEA BL KR xia shrimp iif 1257 tamen they (refering to things, animals) you to swim SPARE MET sit HERMES Qi Baishi (name of a well-known Chinese painter) HD FEET] Supptememary Words Le are & ey bk aka pa vai CePA AYA YD 17, WU -100- < 222 Zz qi zixingché yuan pdobir shofa yeyd jiému yigian shou jianféi guan shéngaqi gangqin hdizi shidian jidoyu guandian to ride; to sit on the back of bikes bicycle far to run, jog handwriting; calligraphy spare time; amateur program before; formerly; previously thin to reduce; to be on diet to discipline to get angry; to take offense piano child; children bookstore; bookshop to teach; to educate opinionD OAD RET , eR ILA FET THE, “We came too early. The art gallery is not open yet.” The structure “i6¥L(4i)+ V + E" indicates that a certain event or situation has not happened yet, but it will happen, Compare the following: BARTAH? Ai AER. (He didn’t go home.) 4A IR, (He hasn't gone home yet.) 2D AWA. “I don’t deserve this.” This phrase is used commonly as a reply to someone’s compliment. For example; thie T BURG BIH EAR AHEM REE LEE A, RAE SHE Na’s statement, calling Libo an “experienced painter,” has the hint of a joke to it. Libo’s answer is also meant to be a joke. 3) FRAT LAH AR AY HE A “I can give you the horse that I drew.” When used as a resultative complement, the word “ff” can also convey the mean- ing of completion. For example; ili 8 JL, WSS SFR BUR Ap BATE Be TEAR. D BPEL ARE AG HBB I BRC? “Should we take the elevator upstairs now?” We have already learned the interrogative sentence “++, JE75JL? ” in Lesson 10. The structure “E403” can be placed not only at the end of a sentence, but also at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence. The meanings these different arrange- ments convey are basically the same. For example: WRELEBRT? — (= WERT EAE? ) RFAMMAL EBT? PLA EMT BARE? The affirmative answer to this kind of sentence can be “ji The negative an- swer, however, needs to negate the part about which the question asks. For example, the negative answers of the above example sentences can respectively be: HILAL Ro (BR, AMA Le -101-