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Gustav Holst's 'The Planets': a guide

Written between 1914-1916 by British composer Gustav Holst, ‘The Planets’ represents
all the known planets of the Solar System seen from Earth at the time, and their
corresponding astrological character, including Jupiter and Mars. Here's a listening
guide to his masterpiece…

1.

2.
3. 1. Mars, the Bringer of War
4. Angry and ominous, Holst’s first movement represents the Roman god of war, Mars.
The craggy rhythms and pulsing drum beats give the music a military feel.

5.

6.

7. 2. Venus, the Bringer of Peace

8. The cool blue Venus follows angry red Mars. The music is slower and beautifully
eerie, complete with relaxing tunes played on harps and flutes, shimmering strings,
and ethereal solo violin passages to call to mind the Roman goddess.
9.

10.

11. 3. Mercury, the Winged Messenger

12. Flighty and fast, the lively Mercury is quick and powerful in equal measure. The high-
pitched harp, flute, and glockenspiel tunes hop, skip, and jump throughout the suite’s
short duration – usually just over four minutes.
13.

14.

15. 4. Jupiter, the Bringer of Jollity

16. As the round-faced cheery uncle of all the planets, and king of the gods, Jupiter is
impressive and majestic. The swelling brass and slow waltzing strings are met with
moments of poignant beauty in the glorious tune now known as ‘I Vow to Thee My
Country’.
17.

18.

19. 5. Saturn, the Bringer of Old Age

20. A favourite movement of Holst’s, Saturn is quite a shift from the positive music heard
in Jupiter. The opening is slow and almost unsettling, until the music expands into a
heavy march.

21.
22.

23.

24. 6. Uranus, the Magician

25. Starting with four brassy notes, Uranus shifts from heavy timpani blows to a
boisterous gallop. The full orchestra shows the impressive power of this icy planet,
represented in Greek mythology as the god of the sky.
 26.

27.

28. 7. Neptune, the Mystic

29. When Holst scored this work as a piece for piano duet, he used an organ to represent
this planet – the piano, he thought, couldn’t portray a planet as mysterious as Neptune.
Beautiful harp and string melodies slide over each other, until Holst brings out the
crowning glory: a mystical choir, which gives the music an other-worldly quality.
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