Contributory Factors of K-12 Curriculum on First Year Accountancy Students of Centro

Escolar University Malolos City Bulacan

By:

Allyah Alexandra S. Baylon

Hannah Ruthie Naomi P. Palomares

Kris Cale Anne A. Baluyut

Maria Michaella B. David

Zharmaine E. Vengco

Cyrus Timothy M. Flores

Thesis Submitted in Partial fulfillment of the Requirements for

Practical Research 2

Centro Escolar Integrated School

March 2019
 CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Philippine basic education is experiencing arrangement of changes, adjustments

and enhancement in the educational programs regions. Changes within the educational
system have been constantly implemented by the Department of Education. The most
recent is the implementation of K-12 curriculum initiated in 2012 and was considered the
most astonishing among the series of changes in the Philippine educational system.

The K to 12 Program covers Kindergarten and 12 years of basic education (six

years of primary education, four years of Junior High School, and two years of Senior
High School) to provide sufficient time for mastery of concepts and skills, develop
lifelong learners, and prepare graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skills
development, employment, and entrepreneurship. Senior High School is two years of
specialized upper secondary education; students may choose a specialization based on
aptitude, interests, and school capacity. The choice of career track will define the content
of the subjects a student will take in Grades 11 and 12. Each student in Senior High
School can choose among three tracks: Academic; Technical-Vocational-Livelihood; and
Sports and Arts. The Academic track includes four strands: Accountancy, Business,
Management (ABM); Humanities, and Social Sciences (HUMSS); Science, Technology,
Engineering, Mathematics (STEM) and General Academic Strand (GAS).

One of the greatest reforms in the Philippine Educational System today is the
implementation of the K to 12 Program. The enhanced K to 12 Basic Education Program
seeks to provide for a quality 12 – year basic education program that each Filipino is
entitled to. This is incognizance with Article IV Section 2 of the 1987 Philippine
Constitution which states that: “The state shall establish, maintain, and support a
complete, adequate, and integrated system of education relevant to the needs of the
people and society”. The new program was patterned from the K – 6 – 4 – 2 Model. This
means that basic education involves kindergarten, six years of elementary education, four
years of junior high school (Grades 7 – 10) and two years of senior high school (Grades
11 – 12). Those who go through the 12 – year program will get an elementary diploma (6
years), a junior high school diploma (4 years) and a senior high school diploma (2 years).
A full 12 year of basic education will eventually be required for entry into tertiary level
education. The goal of the enhanced K to 12 Basic Education Program is to create a
functional basic education system that will produce productive and responsible citizens
equipped with the essential competencies and skills for both life – long learning and
employment. In the near future, the smooth transition from the existing 10 - year
education cycle to the K to 12 basic education cycle will produce holistically developed
Filipino learners with 21st century skills, which they can use to become productive and
responsible citizens of the country. (Daquioag, 2012)

According to Daquioag (2012), in order to achieve these goals, the program has
the following twin – objectives: a.) to give every student an opportunity to receive
quality education based on an enhanced and decongested curriculum that is
internationally recognized and comparable; b.) To change public perception that high
school education is just a preparation for college; rather than, it should allow one to take
advantage of opportunities for gainful career or employment and/or self - employment in
a rapidly changing and increasingly globalized environment, and the benefits of the K to
12 program far outweigh the additional costs that will be incurred by both government
and families. These are: 1.) An enhanced curriculum will decongest academic workload,
giving students more time to master competencies and skills as well as time for other
learning opportunities beyond the classroom, thus allowing for a more holistic
development. 2.) Graduate will possess competencies and skills relevant to the job
market. 3.) Graduates will be prepared for higher education. 4.) Graduates will be able to
earn higher wages and/or better prepared to start their own business. 5.) Graduates could
now be recognized abroad, Filipino graduates eg. Engineers, architects, doctors, etc.,
could now be recognized as professionals in other countries.

The researchers came up to this topic because as a graduating student of Senior

High School, they want to know if the additional two years has contributed the first batch
of graduate students from senior high school to be more productive and competitive as
they enter college. This paper also has a goal of determining if the subjects that they took
in senior high school could give them a background knowledge and a glimpse about the
subjects that they are about to take in college.

The aim of this research is to determine if the K-12 has helped the students to
build their academic competency and confidence level, whether spending additional two
years in the middle school has helped them to be more prepared in college, to determine
if taking additional two years in the middle school has moulded them to gain more
knowledge and to become more competitive as they enter college, or if those two years
are just a waste of time, money, and energy.

Conceptual Framework

Respondent’s
demographic profile:
Factors that
a. Gender contributes the first
b. GWA Analysis of data year accountancy
gathered from the students of Centro
Contributions of K-12 Survey Escolar University
curriculum on the Questionnaire Malolos City,
first year accountancy through Statistical Bulacan with K-12
students: Treatment curriculum.
a. Self -
Confidence
b. Academic
Performance

Figure 1.0

Figure 1 exemplifies how certain factors are to be analysed in order to discover

the contributions of K-12 curriculum on first year accountancy students of Centro Escolar
University Malolos City, Bulacan.
Statement of the Problem

The research aims to analyze the contributory factors of K-12 curriculum on first
year accountancy students of Centro Escolar University Malolos City Bulacan. This study
is to be conducted during the second semester, month of February of the School Year
2018-2019.

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Gender
1.2 General Weighted Average (GWA)
2. How will the first year accountancy students rate the contributions of K-12
Curriculum?
3. How does K-12 Curriculum contributes to first year accountancy students in
terms of:
3.1 Academic Performance
3.2 Self - Confidence
4. Is the implementation of K-12 Curriculum necessary for the students?

Scope and Delimitation

This study is all about the contributory factors of the K-12 Curriculum
implemented in the Philippines to the first year accountancy students. The study is
conducted at Centro Escolar University - Malolos, held during the second semester of the
school year 2018-2019. 

This study is restricted to surveying the twenty (20) first year Accountancy
students of Centro Escolar University - Malolos. The method used in data gathering is
through the use of questionnaires and it uses stratified random sampling in choosing the
respondents. Questionnaire will be given to every respondent to answer. The questions
provided will be in Likert scale. This will be used to assess the contributions of K 12
curriculum.
 The time frame from this study is very short, making it difficult for the
researchers to budget and organize the time that is needed to a lot for this research. The
financial resources of the students who conducted this paper are also limited. The former
studies and literatures about K 12 curriculum are also little in numbers as well as the
number of students who underwent in the program since the implementation of the
curriculum just started few years ago.

Significance of the Study

The result of the study will greatly be a benefit to the following:

Students. This study will enhance the student’s academic performance by

improving the K-12 curriculum. Students will be able to acquire the expected level of
academic performance they need to exhibit and learn from the curriculum literate
professors. This can also provide students insights on how to improve their knowledge
and confidence level in school performances.

Professors. This study will inform them about how the curriculum has molded the
students in senior high school which will give room for improvements and adjustments.
Eventually, they will fill the gap of knowledge that the students lack. In effect, better
work performance will be executed by college teachers for the betterment of the
understanding of their students.

Schools. This will help them acquire the information that they can use in order to
improve the subjects and techniques in teaching and provide quality education. These
will serve as basis to make changes in the arrangement of subjects in the curriculum that
is provided for the students.

DepEd. The result of the study will lead them to improve the said curriculum
through the data that will be gathered. The data will serve as a basis for the Department
of Education to develop programs that will enhance K-12 curriculum. In addition, this
will help them to decide of the applicable subjects to be included in the curriculum.

Future Researchers. This study will be a source of another problem of study.

They could gain information about the effect of K-12 curriculum to the academic
performance of college students when they are still in senior high school. The result of
the study will serve as guide to other similar studies in the future.

Definition of Terms

Academic Performance. In this study, academic performance refers to the performance of

the first year accountancy students of Centro Escolar University Malolos which will be
analyzed in terms of their grades to discover the contribution of K-12 curriculum in the
Philippines.

Self - Confidence. The probability that the value of a parameter falls within a specified
range of values. Operationally, It is used to distinguish the level of confidence of the first
year Accountancy students in which after experiencing K-12 curriculum, whether have
helped them or not to be confident and prepared when it comes to academic purposes.

Effectiveness. The degree to which something is successful in producing a desired result;

success: the effectiveness of the treatment. As used in this study, effectiveness identifies
if the K-12 curriculum is a benefit to the first year Accountancy students of Centro
Escolar University Malolos to their college readiness.

Likert Scale. As used in this study, likert scale is used in measuring the respondent’s
response through scale or ratings.

Stratified Random Sampling. In statistics, stratified sampling is a method of sampling

from a population. In this study, stratified random sampling is used to present the method
the researcher used in terms of identifying the respondents.