Practical

Physical education
Class -XII
Max. Marks 30
01. Physical Fitness Test 6
Marks
02. Proficiency in Games and Sports (Skill of any one Game of choice)
7 Marks
03. Yogic Practices 7
Marks
04. Record File ** 5 Marks
05. Viva Voce (Health/ Games & Sports/ Yoga) 5
Marks
* Basketball, Football, Kabaddi, Kho-Kho, Volleyball, Handball, Hockey, Cricket,
Bocce &
Unified Basketball [CWSN (Children with Special Needs - Divyang)]
**Record File shall include:
Practical-1: Fitness tests administration for all items.
Practical-2: Procedure for Asanas, Benefits & Contraindication for any two Asanas
for each lifestyle disease.
Practical-3: Procedure for administering Senior Citizen Fitness Test for 5 elderly
family members.
Practical-4: Any one game of your choice out of the list above. Labelled diagram
of field & equipment (Rules, Terminologies & Skills).
 Certificate
 
Acknowledgement to Teachers and Principal
 
AAHPER Test and introduction

Senior citizen fitness test

 
Barrow Fitness Test
 
 Yoga
 
Introduction

Asanas
 
Football
 
Introduction/History of the game
 
Rules of the game
 
Skills of the game

Some national and international tournaments

 
BMI Record of BMI for 10 persons

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that ____________________of class XII- __ has successfully

completed the project work on Physical Education for class XII practical
examination of the Central Board of Secondary Education in the year 2019-20. It is
further certified that this project is the individual work of the candidate.

Signature of External:____________________

Signature of Internal:_____________________
 Practical -1

AAHPER TEST –

American alliance of health, Physical education and recreation test invented by

America to check the fitness level of youth and students. AAPHER Physical fitness
Test: Youth Physical Tests were created in 1957. During the years 1957- 58 these
tests were applied to 8500 School Children of classes 5 to 8 in the United States of
America. On the basis of this study standard rooms were created. Studies were
conducted on 2200 College-level students in 1960 and percentile rooms were
created, Similarly, Percentile rooms were created on the basis of studies belonging
to 50 institutions. New percentile rooms were created again in 1965 on the basis of
age. This study included 9200 boys and girls in the 10 to 17 years age group.

This test was designed to help the teachers of physical education and other
recreation leaders in the field to find out the performance levels of their students,
compare them with national norms and inspire them towards the higher levels of
achievements. Test Contents : The test consists of the following six items :
This test consist 6 test batteries which are as follows-
 Test battery Component to be checked
1. 12 Min Run or 600 yard Run Endurance level
2. Shuttle Run Leg strength, Agility and speed
3. Standing Broad Jump Leg strength, explosive ability
4. Pull ups or flexed arm hang Arm strength
5. 50 Mt. dash Speed
6. Sit ups (Crunches) Abdominal strength

Administration of Tests:

These tests can be conducted in a gymnasium or out-doors. The only apparatus

required in these tests is a horizontal bar having a diameter of approximately 1 ~
inches for pull-ups and flexed arm hang for girls. However, arrangement has to be
made for the timing and recording of all scores with the help of timers and
recorders.

1. 12 Min Run or 600 Yard Run

This run can be organized on a track, on a football field or an open area
marked for this purpose. In this test item, a subject runs a distance of 600
Yards, The subject takes a standing start from the start line. The subject may
walk in between. However, the objective is to cover the distance in the
shortest time, When he crosses the finish line, he is informed of his time.
The time taken to run the distance is recorded in minutes and seconds.

Equipment:

1. A Track 2. A Stop Watch

Description: Pupils take their positions at the standing start. The race starts with
command words: “Ready” and “Go”. As many as Six Pupils can participate at a
time.
Rules: Walking is permitted but the object is to cover the distance in shortest
possible time.

Scoring: Record in Minutes and Seconds.

2. Shuttle Run-

Equipment: Two blocks of wood, 2 inches x 2 inches x 4 inches and a stopwatch.

Pupils must wear sneakers or run bare footed.

Description: Two parallel lines are marked on the floor 30 feet apart. The width of
a regulation Volleyball Court serves as a suitable area. Place the blocks of wood
behind one of the lines.
The pupil starts from behind one of the lines. On the signal “Ready” or “Go” the
pupils runs to the blocks, picks one up runs back to the starting line and places the
block behind the line. He then runs back and picks up the second block which he
carries back across the Starting Line.

Rules: Allow two trials with some rest between.

Scoring: Record the time of the better of the two trials.

3. Standing Broad Jump-

Equipment: Mat, Floor or Outdoor Jumping pit and Tape Measure.

Description: Pupil stands with the feet several inches apart and the toes just
behind the take offline. Preparatory to jumping, the pupil swings the arms
backward and bends the knees. The jump is accomplished by simultaneously get
bending the knees and swinging forward the arms.

Rules:
(1) Allow three trials.

(2) Measure from the take off line to the feet or other parts of the body that touches
the floor nearest the take offline.

Scoring: Record the best of the three trials.

4. Pull Up

Equipment: A metal or wooden bar approximately 1½ inches in diameter is

preferred. A doorway gym bar can be used and if no regular equipment is
available, a piece of pipe or even rungs of a ladder can serve the purpose.

Description: The bar should be high enough so that the pupil can hang with his
arms and legs fully extended and feet free from the floor. He should use the
overhand grasp. After coming in hanging position, the pupil raises his body by his
arms until his claim can be placed over the bar. Then he lowers his body to a full
hang as in starting position. The exercises is repeated as many times as possible.

Rules
(i) Each Student will be allowed one trial.
(ii) The body must out swing during the execution of the movement.
(iii) The knees must not be raised and the kicking of legs is not permitted.
Scoring: Record the number of completed Pull-Ups.

Flexed Arm Hang: This activity is meant only for girls.

Equipment: A horizontal bar is used. The okameter of the rod ought to be 1½

inches. A stopwatch is needed is record time.

Description: The height of the bar should be adjusted so it is approximately equal

to the pupil’s standing height. The pupil should use an overhang grasp. With the
assistance of two spotters, one in front and one in back of Pupil the Pupil raises her
body off the floor to a position where the Chin is above the bar, the elbows are
flexed and the Chest is close to the bar. The Pupil holds this position as long as
possible.

Rules:

(1) The Stopwatch to started as soon as the Subject takes the hanging position.

(2) The watch is stopped when:

(i) Pupil’s Chin touches the bar

(ii) Pupil’s head hits backward to keep Chin above the bar.

(iii) Pupil’s Chin falls below the level of the bar.

 5. 50 Mt dashm Spirint –

Equipment: Two stopwatches or one with a split second times.

Description: It is preferable to administer this test to two pupils at a time. The

starter will use the commands: “Ready” and “Go” the race comes to an end at the
“Finishing Line”, Rules, the stopwatch is kept on from the word “Go” to the
finishing line, a time is recorded to the oone-tenthof a second.
 6. Sit-Ups (Flexed Leg), Boys and Girls

Scoring: The length of time the subject holds the hanging position will be recorded
in seconds. Sit-ups (flexed leg)

Equipment: Clean floor, Mat or Dry Turf and Stop-Watch.

Description: The Pupil lies on his back with his knees bent, feet on the floor and
heels not more than 12 inches from the buttocks. The angle at the knees should be
less than go degrees. The Pupil puts his hands in the back of his neck with fingers
clasped and places his elbows squarely on the mat, floor and turf. His feet are held
by his partner to keep them in touch with surface. The Pupil heightens his
abdominal muscles and brings his head to knees. This action constitutes one sit up.
The number of correctly extended Sit-ups performed in 60 seconds shall be the
score.
Rules:

(1) No rectory is permitted between sit-ups.

(2) Keep the fingers clasped behind his neck.

(a) Keep the fingers clasped behind his neck.

(b) Bring both elbows forward in starting to sit up without pushing off the floor
with an elbow.

(c) Return to starting position with elbows flat on the surface before sitting up
again.

Scoring: Only the Situps a pupil is able to do in 60 Seconds are recorded.

 Practical -2

1. Obesity

Obesity is that condition of the body in which the amount of fat increases to
extreme levels.

Procedure, benefits and contraindications for

Vajrasana

Procedure

It is a meditative asana. Kneel down on the ground with your knees, ankle and toes
touching the ground. Your toes should be stretched backwards. Now place your
palms of both hands on the knees. The upper body should be straight. At this time,
the breathing should be deep, even and slow.

Benefits:

a) It is helpful for concentration.

b) It is helpful in curing dysentery, back pain and chest diseases.

c) It enhances memory.

d) It cures problems related to menstruation.

e) It cures mental stress.

f) It strengthens the pelvic muscles.

g) It removes postural defects.

h) It prevents hernia and gives relief from piles.

Contraindications  

a) A person suffering from joint pain should not perform vajrasana.

b) The individuals who have any spinal column problem should not perform
vajrasana.

c) The individuals who have some difficulty in movement should practice

vajrasana with a lot of acre.

Procedure, benefits and contraindications for Ardh Matseyendrasana

Procedure

the left heel is kept under right thigh and the right leg is crossed over the left thigh.
After that hold the right toe with left hand and turn your head and back to the right
side. In this position move the trunk sideways. Then Perform the same sasna in the
reverse position.

Benefits of Ardh Matseyendrasana.:

a. It keeps gall bladder and prostate gland healthy.

b. It enhances the stretch ability of back muscles.

c. It alleviates digestive ailments.

d. It regulates the secretion of adrenaline and bile and thus is recommended in

yogic management of diabetes.

e. It is also helpful in treating sinusitis, bronchitis, constipation, menstrual

disorder, urinary tract disorder and cervical spondylitis.

 Contraindications:

a. Women, who are two or three months pregnant, should avoid practicing this

b. The individuals who suffer from peptic ulcers, hernia, and hypothyroidism
should practice this asana under expert guidance.

c. The individuals who have the problem of sciatica or sleep disc may benefit from
asana but they need to take great care while doing this asana.

2. Diabetes

Diabetes is such a disorder that it causes sugar to build up in our blood stream
instead of being used by the cells in the body.

Procedure, benefits and contraindications for Pawanmuktasana

Procedure

lie down on you back on a plain surface. Keep your feet together and place your
arms beside your body. Take a deep breath. When you exhale bring your knees
towards your chest. At the same time press your thighs on your abdomen. Clasp
your hands around your legs. Hold the asana when you breathe normally. Every
time you inhale, ensure that you loosen the grip. Exhale and release the pose after
you rock and roll from side to side three times.

Benefits of Pawanmuktasana:

a) It eases the tension in lower back.

b) It enhances the blood circulation in pelvic area.

c) It stimulates the reproductive organs.

d) It helps to cure menstrual disorders.

e) It helps in reducing the fats of the thighs, buttocks and abdominal area.

f) It strengthens the abdominal muscles.

g) It also massages the intestines and organs of digestive system which helps in
releasing the gas and thus improves digestion.

h) Relieves constipation.

Procedure, benefits and contraindications for Bhujangasana:

Procedure of Bhujangasana: In this asana the shape of the body remains like a
snake that is why it is called Bhujangasana. In order to perform this asana, lie
down on the belly on the ground. Keep your hands near the shoulders. Keep your
legs close together. Now straiten up your arms slowly, raise the chest. Your head
should turn backwards. Keep the position for sometime. Then get back to the
former position. For good results, perform this asana for 4 to 5 times.

Benefits of Bhujangasana:

a) It alleviates obesity.

b) It provides strength and agility.

c) It cures the disorders of urinary bladder.

d) It cures the disease of liver.

e) It improves blood circulation.

f) It makes the vertebral column flexible and thin.

g) It cures gas disorders, constipation and indigestion.

h) It strengthens the muscles of hands.

Contraindications of Bhujangasana:

a) People suffering from hernia, back injuries, headaches, and recent abdominal
surgeries should not perform this asana.

b) Pregnant women should not perform this asana.

3. Back Pain

The pain which is felt in the back usually originates from the bones, joints, muscles
and nerves etc is called back pain. It may be in the cervical, thoracic or lumbar
region.

Procedure of Tadasana: Stand up in attention position. Lift your arms upwards.

Stretch your hands upwards. Raise your heels, and come on your toes. Also pull up
your body upwards. After some time breathe out slowly and come to the previous
position. Repeat the same exercise for 10 to 15 times.

Benefits of Tadasana:

a) It is helpful in developing physical and mental balance.

b) It reduces obesity.

c) It cures constipation.

d) It cures digestive problems.

e) It improves body posture.

f) It alleviates sciatica.

g) It is an excellent asana for those who want to enhance their height.

h) It is beneficial in treating hypertension.

Contraindication of Vajrasana:

a. A person suffering from joint pain should not perform vajrasana.

b. The individuals who have any spinal column problem should not perform
vajrasana.

c. The individuals who have some difficulty in movement should practice

vajrasana with a lot of care.

4. Asthma

Asthma is a disease of lungs in which the airways become blocked or narrowed

causing difficulty in breathing. The airways also swells up and pruce extra mucus.
It usually triggers coughing, wheezing or whistling or shortness of breath.The
coughing usually occurs at night or early in the morning.

Procedure of Matsyasana: For performing this asana, sit in padamasana. Then lie
down in supine position and make an arch behind. Hold youe toes with the fingers
of your hands. Stay for some time in this position.

Benefits:
a) It is helpful in curing back pain, knee pain and tonsillitis.
b) It also cures the defects of eyes.
c) Skin diseases can be cured, if we practice this asana regularly.
d) This asanais helpful for the treatment of diabetes.
e) It helps in relieving tension in the neck and shoulders.
f) It improves posture.
g) It is the best asana to get relief from asthma.
h) It provides relief from respiratory disorders by encouraging deep breathing.

Practical -3

Rikli and Jones senior citizen fitness test

The Rikli and Jones Senior Citizen Fitness Test for assessing the functional fitness
of older adults describes easy to understand and effective tests to measure aerobic
fitness, strength and flexibility using minimal and inexpensive equipment. The
Individual fitness test items involve common activities such as getting up from a
chair, walking, lifting, bending and stretching. Rikli and Jones prepared various
physical fitness tests for senior citizens in 2001. Senior citizens can’t do exhaustive
workouts however fitness is very important even in old age.

These tests are designed to access the functional fitness of older adults with the
help of simple activities like getting up from a chair, walking, bending and
stretching. These tests are safe, enjoyable and meet scientific standards of
reliability and validity. That is why easy tests prepared for different body parts are
given.
These are
1. Chair Stand Test for Lower Body Strength
The Chair Stand Test is similar to a squat test to measure leg strength. This test is
part of the senior fitness test protocol and is designed to test the functional fitness
of seniors.

 Purpose This test assesses leg strength and endurance of senior citizens.
 Equipment Required A straight or folding chair without arm rests (seat 17
inches/ 44 cm high) and stopwatch.

2. Arm Curl Test for Upper Body Strength

The Arm Curl Test is a test to measure the upper body strength of senior citizens or
old people.

 Purpose This test measures upper body strength and endurance.

 Equipment Required 5 pound weight for women, 8 pound weight for men, a
chair without arm rests, stopwatch.

3. Chair Sit and Reach Test for Lower Body Flexibility

The Chair Sit and Reach Test is part of-the senior fitness test protocol, and is
designed to test the functional fitness of seniors. It is a variation of the traditional
sit and reach . flexibility test.

 Purpose This test measures lower body. – flexibility.

 Equipment Required Ruler, a chair with straight back or folding chair (17
inch/44 cm high).

4. Back Scratch Test for Upper Body Flexibility

The shoulder stretch is a simple flexibility test to determine if the hands can be
brought together behind the back particularly the shoulders. This test is part of the
fitness programme as an alternative to the back saver sit and reach test.
  Purpose This test measures upper arm and shoulder girdle flexibility.
 Equipment Required None.

5. Eight Foot Up and Go Test for Agility

The Eight Foot Up arid Go Test is a coordination and agility test’ for the elderly-
which is pair of the senior fitness test protocol.

 Purpose This test measures speed, agility and balance while moving.
 Equipment Required Stopwatch, straight back or folding chair (seat 17
inches/44 heights) cone rriarker, measuring tape, area clear of obstacles.

6. Six Minute Walk test for Aerobic Endurance

The Six Minute Walk Test is a part, of the senior fitness test protocol arid is
designed to test the functional fitness of seniors. It is an adaptation of the Cooper
12 – minutes run for people who use orthopedic devices When walking as well as
people who have difficulty in balancing.

 Purpose This test measures aerobic fitness or aerobic endurance.

 Equipment Required Measuring tape to mark out the track distances,
stopwatch arid chairs positioned for testing.
 BASKETBALL

Introduction

Basketball is a handball game usually played by two teams of five players. The
objective is to get the ball through a hoop mounted high on a backboard at each
end. It is a very popular sport worldwide, played with a round, orange ball that
bounces. Basketball players mainly use skills such as dribbling, shooting, running,
and jumping. The game is played between men's teams or between women's teams.
Basketball has been played in the Summer Olympic Games since 1936. The shot
clock rule started in 1954. The first basketball game took place in 1892, where the
court was half the size of what it is today.
History

In early December 1891, James Naismith, a Canadian physical education teacher at

Springfield College in Springfield, Massachusetts invented an indoor game called
basketball. He invented the sport to keep his students from becoming bored during
the winter. Naismith wrote the basic rules and then nailed a peach basket onto a
10-foot tall pole. Unlike modern basketball hoops, the bottom of the peach-basket
was still there, so after a point was scored; somebody had to get the ball out of the
basket with a long stick. Over time, people made a hole at the bottom of the basket
so the ball could go through more easily. The score of the first game of basketball
ever played was 1 - 0. There is a sculpture in Springfield, outside where the first
game was held. The Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame is also in
Springfield. Since the rules hadn't been formally written, there was no maximum
number of players then, unlike today. This also meant that there were no set rules
to the game; Naismith only observed and changed the rules accordingly.

Specification of playing area-

1. Length and Breadth of the Basketball Court = 28 mts × 15 mts

2. Radius of centre circle = 1.80 mts
3. Height of iower edge of board from floor = 2.90 mts
4. Breadth of the boundary lines = 5 cms
5. Thickness of the backboard = 3 cms
6. Circumference of the ball = 75 to 78 cms
7. Weight of the ball = 600 to 650 cms
9. Number of substitutes in Basketball team =5
10. Total players = 12
BASIC SKILLS OF BASKETBALL-

Basketball is a very complex game, taking many hours of learning and practice of
the many skills involved. The ability to do these effectively along with having
some natural athletic ability will almost always ensure that you are very
competitive in each game.

1. DRIBBLING- Dribbling is an important skill for all basketball players.

This skill will allow you to move up and down the court, manoeuvre
past defenders and execute plays. Proper dribbling requires ball-
handling skills and knowledge of how to spread your fingers for ball
control. It is also best if you know how to dribble equally well with both
hands.
2. Shooting -the act of attempting to score points by throwing the ball through the
basket, methods varying with players and situations - a player faces the basket with
both feet facing the basket -A player will rest the ball on the fingertips of the
dominant hand (the shooting arm) slightly above the head, with the other hand
supporting the side of the ball.
3. Shooting with jump -the ball is usually shot by jumping (though not always)
and extending the shooting arm -the shooting arm, fully extended with the wrist
fully bent, is held stationary for a moment following the release of the ball, known
as a follow-through - players may shoot directly into the basket or may use the
backboard to redirect the ball into the basket.
A. JUMP SHOT
B. LAY-UP
C. SLAM DUNK

3. REBOUNDING -the objective of rebounding is to successfully gain possession

of the basketball after a missed field goal or free throw, as it rebounds from the
hoop or backboard -this plays a major role in the game, as most possessions end
when a team misses a shot
Categories in Rebounding
A. OFFENSIVE REBOUNDS - in which the ball is recovered by the offensive
side and does not change possession
B. DEFENSIVE REBOUND - in which the defending team gains possession of the
loose ball
4. PASSING - a method of moving the ball between players - most passes are
accompanied by a step forward to increase power and are followed through with
the hands to ensure accuracy
TYPES OF PASS
1. Chest Pass 2. Bound Pass
3. Overhead Pass 4. Outlet Pass
5. No-look Pass 6. Behind-the-back Pass
3. DRIBBLING - the act of bouncing the ball continuously with one hand, and is a
requirement for a player to take steps with the ball - a player pushes the ball down
towards the ground with the fingertips rather than patting it; this ensures greater
contro

4. BLOCKING - performed when, after a shot is attempted, a defender succeeds in

altering the shot by touching the ball

5. PIVOT - Pivoting with the basketball alows you to change direction and look for
a pass or shot. Remember not to move your pivot foot.

Official

In a game of basketball, there are a number of officials who are not from either
team, who are there to help. Officials are important to the game, and help it run
efficiently. Here is a list of some of these people:

 Umpire There are either one or two umpires in a game of basketball. It is

the umpires' job to make the game more fair by enforcing the rules of the
game. The umpires take into consideration the spirit and intent of the player
 before making any call. In the NBA and WNBA, the term "umpire" is not
used; the person who has this role is called the referee.
 Referee The use of this word varies between rule sets.
o There is one referee in a game of basketball. He is the "head" umpire.
The referee has all the jobs of the umpires along with a couple more
responsibilities. He is also the one that makes the final decision for
most problems and is the one who throws the ball up for the tip off the
start of the match. Along with two assistant referee will also be there.
 Time Keeper There is one timekeeper whose job is to keep track of the time
and to tell the umpires when time for each quarter has run out. He is also in
control of adding the scores onto the scoreboard.
 Scorekeeper There is one scorekeeper whose job is to keep track of and
record all points scored, shots attempted, fouls made and timeouts called.
 Assistant Scorekeeper There is one assistant scorekeeper in a game of
basketball. his job is to assist the scorekeeper, by telling him the players who
score points, and to hold up a number for each foul called, showing everyone
the number of fouls the specified player has for the game.
 Shot Clock Operator There is one shot clock operator and his job is to keep
resetting and holding the device when needed or told to by an umpire. This
person needs to have good reflexes and quickness, as he has to quickly reset
the timer when the game resumes.

FOULS / VIOLATION

 It means the infringement or breaking of a rule which involves no contact

with the opponent Following are some major violations:
1. To run with the ball
2. Double dribble
 3. To cause the ball to go beyond the bounds
4. To kick or strike the ball with the first
5. Infringement of 3, 5, 8 or 30 seconds rules.
6. To return the ball to the back court.
 In the case of any violation, the ball goes in the credit of the opponent for a
throw in from the side line. In the following situations, the case of violation
is more likely:
 Walking/Travelling: It occurs when the players take more than a step and a
half without dribbling the ball. If the player moves his foot once he was
stopped dribbling is called travelling.
 Carrying/Palming: It occurs when the player dribbles the ball too for the
side of the ball.
 Double Dribble: Dribbling the ball with both hands at the same time.
 Hand Ball: Possessing the ball by two or more opposing players at the same
time.
 Goal tending: Interference of the defensive player with a shot at the time
when the ball leads to the basket.
 Back court violation: Going back across the line after having possession on
the ball from the mid court line. In this case the ball is awarded to the
opponent to pass in bounds.
 Foot: It occurs when the player involves a personal contact with an
opponent. A personal foul includes the following illegal physical contacts:
 Hitting Pushing
 Slapping Holding
 Blocking Charging
 Grounding from behindIllegal use of hands
  Checking Screening

Terminologies-

 Draft pick is an eligible player selected to play for one of thirty teams in the
NBA
 Free throw is a basketball throw from the free-throw line from either
personal, technical, unsportsmanlike or disqualifying fouls. Each free-throw
made is worth one point. The amount of free-throws attempted are
determined by the following:
o missed field goal and a drawn foul will result in 2 free throws
o made field goal and a drawn foul will result in 1 free throw
o missed 3-point attempt and a drawn foul will result in 3 free throws
o made 3-point attempt and a drawn foul will result in 1 free throw
o Unsportsmanlike foul will result in 2 free throws and the same team's
possession. (In all North American rule sets, this foul is called a
"flagrant foul", with the same penalty.)
o Technical foul will result in 2 free throws and the same team's
possession. (In the NBA and WNBA, technical fouls result in 1 free
throw instead of 2.)
 Field goal is any made shot in normal play. Field goals are worth 2 points,
unless the shooter was outside the three-point line, in which case it is worth
3 points.
 Personal foul is any contact, committed by a player of the other team,
thought, by the umpires, to have caused a disadvantage.
 Technical foul is a violation of certain basketball rules. They include:
o fighting or threatening to fight with another person
 o entering the basketball court when it is not a substitution time
o a player being out of bounds (away from the court) to gain an
advantage
o having too many players play on the court
o refusing to sit on the bench
o returning to play when a player is disqualified (loses his privileges to
play)
o yelling and/or swearing at another player or an official
 Rebound is the act of catching the basketball after a shot has been
attempted, but missed.
 Steal is to take the ball away from a person who is dribbling, shooting or
passing without physically touching the person (committing a foul).
 Turnover is when the team that controls the ball loses control and the other
team gains control.
 Substitution is the act of replacing a player from the court to an another
player sitting on the bench.
 Double dribble is when a player dribbles the ball and picks it up and then
dribbles it Again.
 Carry is when a player physically turns the ball over with their hands whilst
dribbling it.
 Travel is when a player in possession of the ball moves both feet without
dribbling the ball.
 Shot clock is a clock designed to limit the time a team has to shoot a
basketball. The shot clock is different in different leagues, but it is usually
between 24 seconds. After time runs out, the ball is automatically given to
the opposing team.
 Substitute (subs) is when a player on the bench swaps for a player on the
court. The player on the bench is allowed to play and the player sits on the
bench.
 Jump ball happens at the start of every game. This is where the ball gets
thrown up from the centre circle and one person from each team jumps for it,
aiming to hit it to one of his team mates.
 Alternating possession At the start of the game there is a jump ball.
Whichever team "wins" the jump ball gets the arrow pointed towards their
goal.
 Clutch is a shot made at a difficult moment in the game, usually when the
shot clock is about to run out or the team, losing by 1 or 2 points, suddenly
wins the game, because of the clutch shot.
 Backcourt violation is when a player crosses the half-court line and walks
backwards over the line while in possession of the ball, or passes to another
player who is behind the half-court line.
 3-second violation is when a player stands in the restricted area for more
than 3 seconds. The defensive team that commits a 3-second violation will
receive a technical foul.
 8- or 10-second violation is when the team with the ball fails to advance the
ball past the center line within the allowed time. The offensive team will
lose possession.

Arjun Awardees
S.No Year Name of the Player
.
1 1961 Sarbjeet singh
2 1967 Khushi ram
3 1968 Gurdial singh
4 1969 Hav. Hari dutt
5 1970 Gulam Abbas Muntassir
6 1971 Manmohan singh DYAN CHAND AWARDEES:
7 1973 S.K.Kataria 2002- Ram Kumar,
8 1974 A.K.Punj
9 1975 Hanuman singh
10 1977- T. Vijayraghavan
78
11 1979- Omprakash
80
12 1982 Ajmer singh
13 1991 Radheyshyam
14 1991 Ms. S. Sharma
15 1999 Sajjan singh cheema
16 2001 Parminder Singh
17 2003 Satya (Sports)
18 2014 Geetu Anna rahul ( Jose)
19 2017 Prashanti singh

2003- M. Kumar

RAJIV KHEL RATNA AWADEES: 2001- Parminder Singh

Major tournaments –

International
Basketball World Cup
Olympic Games
European Championships
South American Champ. 
Asian Championships
African Championships
Commonwealth Games
National
1. Federation Cup Basketball Championship
2. Youth National Basketball Championship
3. 3x3 National Basketball Championship
4. Master Prithvinath Memorial
5. Don Bosco Invitational Tournament
6. Ramu Memorial basketball Tournament

Volleyball

Introduction – Volleyball, game played by two teams, usually of six players on a

side, in which the players use their hands to bat a ball back and forth over a high
net, trying to make the ball touch the court within the opponents’ playing area
before it can be returned. To prevent this a player on the opposing team bats the
ball up and toward a teammate before it touches the court surface—that teammate
may then volley it back across the net or bat it to a third teammate who volleys it
across the net. A team is allowed only three touches of the ball before it must be
returned over the net.
History

In the winter of 1895 in Holyoke, Massachusetts (United States), William G.

Morgan a YMCA physical education director, created a new game
called Mintonette, a name derived from the game of badminton, as a pastime to be
played (preferably) indoors and by any number of players. The game took some of
its characteristics from tennis and handball. Another indoor sport, basketball, was
catching on in the area, having been invented just ten miles (sixteen kilo meters)
away in the city of Springfield, Massachusetts, only four years before. Mintonette
was designed to be an indoor sport, less rough than basketball, for older members
of the YMCA, while still requiring a bit of athletic effort.

The first rules, written down by William G Morgan, called for a net 6 ft 6 in
(1.98 m) high, a 25 ft × 50 ft (7.6 m × 15.2 m) court, and any number of players. A
match was composed of nine innings with three serves for each team in each
inning, and no limit to the number of ball contacts for each team before sending the
ball to the opponents' court. In case of a serving error, a second try was allowed.
Hitting the ball into the net was considered a foul (with loss of the point or a side-
out)—except in the case of the first-try serve.

The International Volleyball Federation was founded in 1946, ten years before the
sport was recognised by the International Olympic Committee. Volleyball (indoor)
for men and women was added to the Olympic program in Tokyo 1964 with the
Soviet Union winning the men’s and Japan the women’s in front of the home
crowd. The first World Championships were held in 1949 for men and 1952 for
women. Volleyball took some of its characteristics from tennis and handball.
Beach volleyball gained Olympic status in Atlanta 1996. The United States team of
Charles “Karch” Kiraly and Kent Steffes won the men’s title. Kiraly was a member
of the gold medal-winning United States team in indoor volleyball in Los
Angeles1984 and Seoul 1988.

Playfields and Specification of Equipments

1. Length and Width of the playfield = 18 m × 9 m.

2. Width of the boundary lines = 5 cm.
3. Length of the attack line = 10.5 m.
4. Size of the net = 9.50 m × 1 m.
5. Size of the net mesh = 10 cm
6. Total height of the antenna = 1.80 m
7. Height of the net from the ground level from men = 2.43 mts.
= (for women 2.24 mts),
Facts to be remembered-

Positions of the players: There should be proper positioning of the players in

the court, leaving aside the server, in two rows of three players. A positioning fault
is to be dealt in the following way:
I. A position fault is penalized by the loss of a rally.
II. The players are returned to their correct positions.
Rotation: The players get the chance of rotation clockwise. A rotation fault is
similar to a positional faults which occurs when the service is not made according
to the rotation order.
The Ground: The playing ground should be of 18 x9m with a green zone of 3
m. wide. While playing in a hall the ceiling should be of 7 m. height and for the
international matches the same should be of least 12.5 cm.
All markings on the court should be 5 cm, with the full fledged indications of
center line, attack line, and service zone/area.
 System of scorings: For taking decision of the winning score in the first four
sets, a set is won by the team which first scores 25 point with a minimum lead of
two points. In this case of a score being tie at 24-24, the game is continued until a
two point lead is gained.
The winner is one who wins two sets in a match of three sets or wins three sets
in a match of five sets.

Faults of The Game

If any game fault occurs, the side at fault loses a point and right to service.
Followings are the game faults:
I. Incorrect service
II. Incorrect return
III. Holding the ball on hands of fingers.
IV. Touching the ball twice.
V. Touching the net while the play is on.
VI. Crossing the net.
VII. Getting into the net or having contact with the opponent
VIII. Attacking hit from the front zone.
Basic skills of Volleyball-

1. Passing
Passing is simply getting the ball to someone else on your team after it’s
been served or hit over the net by the opposing team. It’s commonly thought
of as the most important skill in all of volleyball, because your team can’t
return the ball without a solid volleyball pass. Forearm volleyball passes are
often used to direct the ball in a controlled manner to a teammate, but
overhead passing is another option.
2. Setting
The setter has the most important position on the team, and is often the team
leader for this reason. It’s their job to make it easy for a teammate to get the
ball over the volleyball net, preferably with a spike that the other team can’t
return. The setting motion gets the ball hanging in the air, ready to be spiked
by another teammate with force.
3. Spiking
A real crowd-pleaser, spiking is the act of slamming the ball in a downward
motion across the volleyball net to the other team’s side of the court. When
done well, spiking is very difficult to return, which is why it’s an essential
skill. A proper spike will help accumulate points quickly.
4. Digging
Digging is a defensive maneuver in volleyball that can save your team from
an offensive spike or attack. Your job is to keep the ball from hitting the
floor, and you do that by diving and passing the ball in a fluid motion.
Unlike a typical pass, you’ll probably be trying to recover the ball from a
steep downward trajectory. This is another great skill to have, but isn’t as
important as passing, setting, or spiking.

5. Serving
Our final fundamental skills is serving. How can you be a great volleyball
player without knowing how to serve? There are a variety of ways to serve,
but you’ll most often see the underhand or overhand serves.
6.Diving and rollings
7.Setting or Boosting
8.Smashing: In the ball is hit or stroked from a booster. It is known as
volleying o spiking also. I. Standing take off smash II. Running take
ofFsmash using both feet. III. Running take off smash using one foot
9. Blocking: When the attacker makes spike, the first line of the oppoinents
make blocks over the net and try to stop the spike and return it to the court of
the opponents. It can be right double or three man block.
I.One man block
II.Two men block
III.Three men block
Related Terminologies –

1. Ace: A serve that results directly in a point, usually when the ball hits
the floor untouched on the receiving team’s side of the court.
2. Attack Line: A line 3 meters/10 feet away from, and parallel to, the
net. Separates the front-row players from the back-row players. A
back-row player cannot legally attack the ball above the net unless he
takes off from behind this line.
3. Back row/court: Space from baseline (endline) to attack line. There
are 3 players whose court positions are in this area (positions 1, 6 & 5
on court)
4. Back Row Attack: When a back-row player takes off from behind
the attack line (10-foot/3-meter) line and attacks the ball. Various
terms A-B-C-D-PIPE-BIC
5. .Back set: Set delivered behind the setter.
6. Baseline: The back boundary of the court. Also called the end line
7. Cross-court attack: An attack directed diagonally from the point of
attack. Also called an angle hit.
 8. Dink: A one-handed, soft hit into the opponent’s court using the
fingertips. Also called a tip.
9. Double block: Two players working in unison to intercept a ball at
the net
10.Five-One (5-1): An offensive system that uses five hitters and one
setter.
11.Libero: A player specialized in defensive skills. This player must
wear a contrasting jersey color from his or her teammates and cannot
block or attack the ball when it is entirely above net height. When the
ball is not in play, the libero can replace any back-row player without
prior notice to the officials..

Awardees

Arjuna Awardees

S.No
Year Name
.

1 1961 A. Palanisamy

2 1962 Nripjit Singh

5 1974 M.S. Rao

6 1975 Sub. Insp. R. Singh

7 1975 K.C. Elamma

8 1976 Jimmy George

9 1977-78 A. Ramana Rao

10 1978-79 Kutty Krishnan

S.No
Year Name
.

11 1979 Riaz Ahmed

12 1979-1980 S.K. Mishra

13 1982 G.E. Sridharan

14 1983 R.K. Purohit

15 1984 Saley Joseph

16 1986 Cyril C. Valloor

17 1989 Abdul Basith

18 1990 Dalel Singh Ror

19 1991 K. Udaya Kumar

20 1999 Sukhpal Singh

21 2000 P. V. Ramana

22 2001 Amir Singh

23 2002 Ravikant Reddy

24 2010 K. J. Kapil Dev

25 2011 Sanjay Kumar

26 2014 Tom Joseph

Dronacharya Award

S.NO NAME OF THE COACH YEAR

 1 A. RAMANA RAO 1990
2 SHYAM SUNDAR RAO 1995
3 G.E.SRIDHARAN 2007
MAJOR TOURNAMENTS

 Olympic Games
 Men's World Championship
 Women's World Championship
 Men's World Cup
 Women's World Cup
 World Grand Champions Cup
 Men's Nations League
 Women's Nations League
 Men's Challenger Cup
 Women's Challenger Cup
 Men's Club World Championship
 Women's Club World Championship
 World League (Men): 1990–2017, annually
 World Grand Prix (Women): 1993–2017, annually