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6 chapter: test and measurement in sports

• Fitness Test – SAI Khelo India Fitness Test in school:
Age group 5-8 yrs/ class 1-3: BMI, Flamingo Balance Test, Plate Tapping Test
Age group 9-18yrs/ class 4-12: BMI, 50mt Speed test, 600mt Run/Walk, Sit & Reach flexibility
test, Strength Test (Abdominal Partial Curl Up, Push-Ups for boys, Modified Push-Ups for girls).
• Computing Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
• Rikli & Jones - Senior Citizen Fitness Test
I. Chair Stand Test for lower body strength
II. Arm Curl Test for upper body strength
III. Chair Sit & Reach Test for lower body flexibility
IV. Back Scratch Test for upper body flexibility
V. Eight Foot Up & Go Test for agility
VI. Six Minute Walk Test for Aerobic Endurance
Meaning Of Test and Measurement:
Test : Test is a tool, a question, set of questions, or an examination which is used to measure the skills
and performance of a person.
Measurement : Measurement refers to the process of conducting a test to obtain quantitative data.
According to R.N. Patel: Measurement is an act or process that involves the assignment of numerical
values to whatever is being tested. So it involves the quantity of something.
Importance/advantages/significance/objectives /need of test and measurement:
In physical education and sports use of test and measurement is important due to reasons given below:
1. Talent identification: Test and measurement process is used to identify the talent of students,
2. Selection of athlete. Test and measurement is used to select athletes for different games.
3. To identify strength and weakness of a player: Test and measurement process is used to identify the
strong and weak points of a player.
4. To study the development of athletes. Test and measurement process is used to study the
development of athletes.
5. Classification of players: Test and measurement process is used for the classification of players and
teams and establish age, gender and grade level norms for use.
6. Motivate athletes. Test and measurement process is used to motivate athletes to improve their
performance.
7. Helps in evaluation of teaching process: Test and measurement process is used in evaluating
different teaching methods and their effectiveness. .
8. To do research: Test and measurement process is used to collect data for research.
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6.1 • Fitness Test – SAI Khelo India Fitness Test in schools

Motor Fitness : It is a person’s ability to perform physical activities.
Purpose: To Measure Motor Fitness of Boys and Girls.
Test Items: This test consists of 9 test items for 2 categories.
Battery Of Tests:
I.AGE GROUP 5-8 YEARS | CLASS 1 to 3
Abilities of children in class 1-3 which need to be measured and tracked are
1.Body Composition (BMI)
2.Coordination (Plate Tapping)
3.Balance (Flamingo Balance)
1.Body Mass Index
Purpose/Aim : The purpose of the test is to measure whether a person is underweight or have a
healthy weight, excess weight, or obesity.
Infrastructure/Equipment Required: Flat Clean surface, Weighing Machine,
Stadiometer/Measuring Tape pasted on a wall. Pen and paper
Procedure : Measuring Height Accurately
1.Remove the participant’s shoes, bulky clothing, and hair ornaments, and unbraid hair that
interferes with the measurement.
2.Take the height measurement on flooring that is not carpeted and against a flat surface such as
a wall with no molding.
3.Have the participant stand with feet flat, together, and back againstthe wall. Make sure legs are
straight, arms are at sides, and shoulders are level.
4.Make sure the participant is looking straight ahead and that the line of sight is parallel with the floor.
5.Take the measurement while the participant stands with head,shoulders, buttocks, and heels
touching the flat surface (wall).
6.Accurately record the height to the nearest 0.1 centimeter.
Measuring Weight Accurately
1.Use a digital scale. Avoid using bathroom scales that are spring- loaded.
2.Place the scale on firm flooring (such as tile or wood) rather than carpet.
3.Have the participant remove shoes and heavy clothing, such as sweaters.
4.Have the participant stand with both feet in the center of the scale.
5.Record the weight to the nearest decimal fraction
Scoring: Height recorded in cm and mm.
Weight will be recorded in kilogram (kg) and grams .
Computing Formula of BMI:

BMI Norm Table

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2.Plate Tapping Test

Purpose/Aim: The purpose of the test is to measure speed
and coordination of limb movement.
Infrastructure/Equipment Required:
Table (adjustable height), 2 yellow discs (20cm diameter),
rectangle (30 x 20 cm), stopwatch, Pen &paper
Procedure :
1.If possible, the table height should be adjusted so that the
subject is standing comfortably in front of the discs.
2.The two yellow discs are placed with their centers 60 cm apart on the table. The rectangle is
placed equidistant between both discs.
3.The non-preferred hand is placed on the rectangle. The subject moves the preferred hand back
and forth between the discs over the hand in the middle as quickly as possible.
4.This action is repeated for 25 full cycles (50 taps).
Scoring: The time taken to complete 25 cycles is recorded
3. Flamingo Balance Test
Purpose : The purpose of the test is to measure the strength of the leg, pelvic, and trunk muscle as
well as Static balance.
Infrastructure/Equipment Required: Non Slippery even surface, Stopwatch, can be done on just
standing on beam .Pen & Paper
Procedure :
1.Stand on the beam. Keep balance by holding the instructor's hand (if required to start).
2.While balancing on the preferred leg, the free leg is flexed at the
knee and the foot of this leg held close to the buttocks
3.Start the watch as the instructor lets go of the participant/subject.
4.Pause the stopwatch each time the subject loses balance (either by
falling off the beam or letting goes of the foot being held).
5.Resume over, again timing until they lose balance. Count the number
of falls in 60 seconds of balancing.
If there are more than 15 falls in the first 30 seconds, the test is
terminated.
Scoring:
1.The total number of falls or loss of balance in 60 seconds of balancing is recorded.
2.If there are more than 15 falls in the first 30 seconds, the test is terminated.
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II .AGE GROUP: 9-18+ YEARS | CLASS 4 to 12

For Class 4 to 12, it is important for students to have an overall physical fitness. The following
Components are to be considered in Physical Health and Fitness Profile:
1.Body Composition (BMI)
2.Strength:
a.Abdominal (Partial Curl-up)
b.Muscular Endurance (Push Ups for Boys, Modified Push Ups for Girls)
3.Flexibility (Sit and Reach Test)
4.Cardiovascular Endurance (600 Meter Run/Walk)
5.Speed (50 mt. Dash)
1.Body Mass Index: Already Explained above
2.STRENGTH:
(a) Abdominal Strength: Partial Curl Up:
Purpose : To measure abdominal muscular strength and endurance of the abdominals and hip
flexors,
Equipment : Flat mat , stopwatch, recording sheets, pen
Procedure :
1. The subject lies on a flat, clean mat surface with 2 tape
markings 6 inch apart with hands straight on the sides (palms
facing downwards) fingers touching the first marking knees
flexed, usually at 90 degrees and heels 18 inches away from
buttocks ,
2. On the command the subject raises the trunk in a smooth
motion curling up the desired amount (at least 6 inches above
ground). Finger tips touching the second marking
3. The trunk is lowered back to the floor so that the shoulder
blades or upper back touch the floor
4. Repeat the same and Perform as many number of curl ups as
possible a certain time period, such as 30seconds (Age 9-14 years) or 1Minute (Age15+)
5. Record the number of curl ups done in stipulated time period.
Scoring: Total number of curl ups done is score.
(b) .Muscular Endurance (Push Ups for Boys, Modified Push Ups for Girls)
.Push Ups (Boys), Push Up Fitness Test (also called the press-up test)
Purpose: To measure the strength and endurance of the arms and shoulder girdle.
Age Level: Ages ten through college for boys only.
Equipment :A mat on the floor pre-test: Perform a
standard warm-up.
procedure:
1. Straight arm front leaning rest position with the hands
and toes touching the floor.
2.The body and legs in a straight line, feet slightly apart,
the arms at shoulder width.
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3.The subject lowers the body until the chest touches the mat, then returns back to the starting position
with the arms extended.
4.This action is repeated, and the test continues until exhaustion.
scoring: The number of correctly completed push-ups is the score.
Advantages: 1. This test is easy and quick to perform.
2. Usually requiring minimal or inexpensive equipment.
3. Many subjects can be tested at once.

6.Modified Push Ups Fitness Test ("bent knee") (Girls)

Purpose: To measure the strength and endurance of the arms and shoulder girdle.
Age Level: Ages ten through college for girls only.
Equipment and materials :A mat on the floor
pre-test: Perform a standard warm-up.
1. Kneel on the floor, hands on either side of the chest and keep
your back straight.
2. Lower the chest down towards the floor, till your elbows are at
right angles or your chest touches the ground.
3. Do as many push-ups as possible until exhaustion.
4. Count the total number of push-ups performed.
scoring: The number of correctly completed push-ups is the
score.
Advantages: 1. This test is easy and quick to perform.
2. Usually requiring minimal or inexpensive equipment.
3. Many subjects can be tested at once.
3.Sit and Reach Test:
Introduction: This test was first described by Wells and Dillon
(1952). This test is widely used as a general test of flexibility.
Purpose : To measure flexibility of the lower back and hamstring
muscles.
Equipment : Sit and Reach box with the following dimensions:12" x
12" (sides)12" x 10" (front and back) 12" x 21" (top) Inscribe the top panel
with centimeter/mm, Pen & paper.
Procedure of Test:
1. The athlete warms up for 10 minutes .The athlete sits on the floor with their legs fully extended with
the bottom of their bare feet against the box .Shoes should be removed.
2. The soles of the feet are placed flat against the box. Both knees should be locked and pressed flat to
the floor - the assistant may help by holding them down.
3.With the palms facing downwards, and the hands on top of each other, the subject reaches forward
along the measuring line as far as possible.
4. Ensure that the hands remain at the same level, not one reaching further forward than the other.
5. After some practice reaches, the subject reaches out and holds that position for at least one-two
seconds while the distance is recorded. The athlete performs the test three times.
6. Make sure there are no jerky movements.
Scoring: The score is recorded to the nearest centimeter as the distance reached by the hand.
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Advantages:
1.The sit and reach test is a common test of flexibility, and is an easy and quick test to perform.
2. If using the standard testing procedure, there is a lot of published data to use for comparison.
Disadvantages:
1. Variations in arm, leg and trunk length can make comparisons between individuals misleading.
2.This test is specific to the lower back and hamstrings, and may not be relevant to other body parts ..
4.600M run:
Purpose : To measure Cardiovascular Fitness/Cardiovascular Endurance
Equipment : A marked track, a stop watch. Pen & paper.
Procedure :
1.The student stands near the starting line.
2. On the command “Go” run and cover the distance of 600M. In the fastest possible pace.
3. Record the time taken.
Scoring: Total time taken to complete the distance is taken as score.
5..50 M Standing Start Test:
Purpose : To measure speed.
Equipment : Marked 50M Area, Stop watch ,Pen & paper.
Procedure :
1. Mark an area of 50M.
2. The student stands near the starting line.
3. With standing start, On the command “Go” run as fast as you can to cover the distance of 50M.
4. Record the time taken.
Scoring: Total time taken to complete the distance is taken as score.
3. RIKLI AND JONES – SENIOR CITIZEN FITNESS TEST
Introduction: The Senior Fitness Test was developed at Fullerton University, by Dr. Roberta Rikli
and Dr. Jessie Jones in 2001. As such, the test is sometimes known as the Fullerton Functional Test.
Purpose: The purpose of this test is to assess(measure) the functional fitness of older adults
Test Items: This test consists of six test items viz.Rikli and Jones-Senior Citizen Fitness test
Test Item Purpose Equipment
1. 30 Second Chair Stand 1.To Measure Lower Body Strength. Chair without arm, stopwatch .pen &
Test:
paper
2. 30 Second Arm Curl 2. To Measure Upper Body Strength. 5 pound wt. (women), 8 pound wt
Test:
( men). Chair without arm, stopwatch.
3.Chair Sit & Reach Test: 3. To Measure Lower Body Chair without arm, Scale
Flexibility.
4.Back-Scratch Test: 4. To Measure Upper Body Scale
Flexibility.
5.Eight Foot Up & Go Test: 5. To Measure Agility/ Speed Stopwatch, Chair without arm, one
/Balance. marker/cone, measuring tape,
6. Six Minute Walk Test 6. To Measure Aerobic Endurance. Marked area, stopwatch,
or 2 minute Step Test:
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Administration and Procedure of Rikli And Jones – Senior Citizen Fitness Test :
1. 30 Second Chair Stand Test: To measure Lower Body Strength
Purpose: To measure Lower Body Strength
Equipment required: A chair without arm rests, stopwatch, pen and paper.
Procedure :
1. Place the chair against a wall for greater stability.
2.Sit in the middle of the chair with your feet on the floor, back straight.
3.Cross your arms at the wrist and place them on the chest.
4.On the command ‘go’ you will rise up to a full stand and
sit again as many times as you can during the 30 second interval.
5.Count the total number of complete chair stands
Scoring : Total number of completed chair stands in 30 seconds is score
2. Arm Curl (Bicep) Test: To measure Upper Body Strength
(i) Purpose : This test measures upper body strength of adults over 60 years of age..
(ii) Equipment required : 5 pound weight (women), 8 pound weight (for men). A chair without
arm rests, stopwatch, pen and paper.

(iii) Procedure :
1. Place the chair against a wall for greater stability.
2.Sit in the middle of the chair with your feet on the floor, back
straight.
3.Hold the weight in the strong hand using a suitcase grip (palm
facing towards the body).
4. On the command ‘go’ do as many curls as you can in the
30 second time period.
5.Do not swing the weight.
6.If you have started raising the weight again and are over
halfway up when time is called, you may count that curl.
7. Count the total number of complete Arm curls.
(iv) Scoring : Total number of completed arm curls in 30 seconds is score
3. Chair Sit and Reach Test for Lower Body Flexibility
(i) Purpose : This test measures lower body flexibility.
(ii)Equipment required : Ruler, Armless chair , , pen and paper.
(iii) Procedure :
1. Place the chair against a wall for greater stability.
2.Sit in the chair slide forward in your chair until you are able to straighten
one of your legs and keep other leg at about a 90 degree angle.
3.Place one hand on top of the other facing down wards.
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4. Stretch and try to reach forward to the toe hold the stretch for at least 2 seconds and Do Not
Bounce or jerk as you reach.
5.Take two practice reaches on each leg. Determine which side is more flexible.
(iv) Scoring :
1.If the fingertips touch the toes then a score of “0”(Zero) is recorded..
2. If they do not touch, a negative score equal to distance between the fingers and the toes is
recorded.
3.If you reach past the toe a positive score equal to distance of as many inches as you reach
past toe is recorded.

4. Back Scratch Test : To test Upper Body Flexibility:

(i) Purpose: This test measures upper body flexibility.
(ii) Equipment required: Ruler or a yardstick, pen and paper.
(iii) Procedure:
1. Stand straight with comfortable distance between your feet.
2. Place your left arm straight up in the air above your left shoulder.
3.Bend your left arm at the elbow to reach toward your back, with
your fingers extended. Your elbow pointed toward the ceiling.
4.Place your right hand behind your back and try to touch the fingers
of your two hands together.
(iv) Scoring:
1. If fingertips of hands just touch, a score of “0”(Zero) is recorded.
2.If your fingers do not touch, a negative score equal to distance between the fingers of two hands
to the nearest half inch is recorded.
3. If your fingers overlap, you receive a positive score equal to distance
of overlap to the nearest half inch is recorded.
5. Eight Foot Up and Go Test :Test for speed, Agility and balance:
Purpose : This test measures speed, agility and balance while moving.
Equipment required : Stopwatch, Chair without arm, one
marker/cone, measuring tape, area clear of obstacles, pen and paper.
Procedure :
1. Place the chair against a wall for greater stability and mark 8 feet
distance in front of the chair and place the cone.
2.Sit in the chair with your hands on your thighs, your feet on the floor.
3. Upon the signal “go” rise from the chair and walk as quickly as possible
to the marked place. Walk around the outside of the marked area and
return to your seat as quickly as possible.
4. You can take a practice test before testing for a score if you wish.
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Scoring : Time taken to complete is the score. Take the best time of the two trails to the
nearest 1/10th second.
6. Six Minute Walk Test : Test for Aerobic Endurance
45 yds 40 yds 35 yds 30 yds 25 yds
Purpose: This test measures aerobic fitness
(endurance)/physical stamina.
Equipment required : Marking area as shown.
Stop watch,chairs positioned for resting.
Procedure :
50 yds 5 yds 10 yds 15 yds 20 yds
1. Mark a rectangular area of 20 yard X 5 yard , Start
with cones placed at regular intervals to indicate distance walked. Or two cones at a distance of
30m or 50m between each other.
2. Stand at the starting point on the “Command Go” walk as quickly as possible for six minutes to
cover as much distance as possible.
3. Subjects are able to stop for a rest if they desire.
(iv) Scoring : Total distance walked in 6 minutes is the score.
Precautions : The test should be terminated if the examined person reports dizziness, nausea,
excessive fatigue, pain, or if the examiner notices any other symptoms of concern. The examiners
should be trained in recognizing these symptoms and the necessary action plan should be in place in
case of medical emergencies.
OR
2-Minute Step Test
Purpose : Alternate aerobic endurance/physical stamina test, for use when space limitations or
weather prohibits taking the 6-minute walk test.
Equipment required : Stop watch, Pen and Paper
Procedure :
1. Stand near a marked place.
2. On the command ‘go’ do as many number of full steps in 2
minutes, raising each knee to a point midway between the patella
(kneecap) and iliac crest (top hip bone).
(iii) Scoring : Score is number of times right knee reaches the required height.