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Power Management for Android Platform by Set CPU

Conference Paper · March 2016

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Muhammad Hammad Muhammad Hunain Asif Khan
Memon Memon School of Computer
School of Computer MUET, Hyderabad Science and Engineering, Science and Engineering,
Science and Engineering, Email Id: UESTC, Chengdu,
UESTC, Chengdu, hunain_memones@yahoo.co 611731, China
611731, China m Email Id:
Email Id: 201314060113@std.uestc.ed 201314060107@std.uestc.ed
201414070108@std.uestc.ed u.cn.
u.cn

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 Android operating system is an open source mobile
I. INTRODUCTION
Consumers have always demanded longer battery life of
mobile phones. Some feature phones (the generation of phones
before smartphones [1]) could have a standby time of up to 67
days [2]. With modern microprocessors that have decreased in
size and cost and increased in computing power, more complex
and resource intensive operating systems can be used on mobile
phones. Modern mobile operating systems can perform more
advanced things. Applications being developed to these
systems are of very different nature. They can be computing
intensive, I/O intensive, idle and lightweight, graphic intensive,
polling or event controlled. So the system must deal with both
software such as a browser and software such as a lightweight
calculator or E- book reader. Modern mobile operating systems
can offer a lot of new possibilities but it comes to a price:
higher energy consumption. The operating system itself will
978-9-3805-4421-2/16/$31.00 2016
c IEEE 3953
Riaz Ahmed Shaikh Imran Khan
School of Computer BVICAM, New Delhi,
INDIA.
UESTC, Chengdu, Email Id:
611731, China imrankhan.ee2531@gmai
Email Id: l.com
u.cn
use more resources than what it did before. And the
applications running on the system are harder to control
because their behavior is harder to predict and make
reservations for. Historically, mobile operating systems would
be real time operating systems running applications with fixed
priorities. This is no longer true with smartphones. Because of
these modern mobile operating systems and other kinds of
dynamic systems, effort has been put into dynamically making
reservations for applications. Ericsson is involved in a EU
purpose research work called Adaptively and Control of
Resources in Embedded Systems (ACTORS) [3]. One part of
ACTORS is the development of a resource manager (ACTORS
RM) that handles dynamic reservations. The ACTORS RM is
developed for a desktop Linux system. A lot of effort has been
put into making reservations for video decoding. The results
are very promising and that is the reason how this purpose
research work came into being. A port of the ACTORSRM to
the Android operating system has been made and Introduction
video decoding applications, but rather "normal" applications
which are sporadic in nature and change their behavior during
II. MOTIVATION
Operating System (or software stack) introduce by Google
company together with other members of the Open Handset
Alliance [7] It is support on a adapted Applications are
developed and design by using the Android Software
Development Kit (SDK) and Google Company has developed a
plug in for the illustrious open source Integrated Development
Environment (IDE) Eclipse so that developers easily can start
to use the Android SDK. An emulator to test the applications
on is shipped with the SDK..

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The reasons for choosing Android as the testing platform are
several. The primary one is that Ericsson Research is already
doing a lot of work on Android, they have expertise on that and
want to be able to reuse the findings of this proposed research
work if successful. Another reason is that Android is a Linux
system and the ACTORS RM should not be too hard to port to created [10][11]. An Activity presents the user with a user
Android since it already runs on a desktop Linux system. A interface. It can be a window with a menu or just a dialog
third reason is that Android is open source; The Linux kernel is window. When an activity is being started its onCreate method
licensed under the GNU General Public License (GPL) The will be called, followed by its onStart method and lastly its
Android system (the rest of the system minus the kernel) is to a onResume method as can be seen in Figure 2.
large extent released under Figure 1 Android software stack [8]
the Apache 2.0 license. In other words, there is full access to
source code which allows for doing modifications to the
system.

Fig. 2. Example game activity extends activity

When a new activity is started, the previous activity that was in

focus will have its onPause methods called before it loses
focus. It will still be held in memory but if the system needs to
free some memory, then all activities that have been paused can
be destroyed by calling their onDestroy methods. To create a
new activity one will have to extend the Activity base class in
Android as shown in Figure 3.


Fig. 1. Android software stack

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Android operating system applications are written in Java
IDE and bundled into Android packages with the suffix .apk.
Every android application is assign a special user ID it will be
run under. There are exceptions where multiple applications are
run under the same user ID [9]. The system user e.g. runs a lot
of applications under the same user ID (system). Each user is
assigned a certain level of permissions. This means that an
application will not get access to another application‘s data
unless that application explicitly has given permission for the
first one to do so. One thing that makes Android applications
different from applications in other systems is that an Android
application does not control its own life cycle. An Android
application has no main function, instead it has a number of
callback life cycle functions that the Android system will call
when it seems appropriate. It may seem confusing but this is a
good way to relieve the developer from tasks he/she does not Fig. 3. Life cycle of an activity
want to do anyway, e.g. sleeping when idle. It is much like
programming an Graphical User Interface (GUI) application A service only have onCreate, onStart and onDestroy as its life
with a toolbox such as Swing, GIMP Toolkit (GTK) or Qt. An cycle methods, see Figure 4. The time between calls to
application can consist of different components that do onCreate and onDestroy are the entire life cycle of the service.
different things. An application can consist of different The active life cycle begins when onStart is being called. To be
components that do different things. The focus in this purpose able to bind to a service, one has to start the service first with
research work has been on the two most common components, the startService method. That method will then call onStart on
Activity and Service. The different components of the the service.A service has to define what methods can be called
application can share the same thread. It is the system that will on it. The developer does this by writing a specification (much
call the onCreate method when a service or an activity is first like Java) in an .aidl file. The .aidl file then gets translated to

3954 2016 International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom)
different classes that are needed. The connecting activity will
get a reference to one of those instanced classes when it does
“bind” on the service. It can then use that reference to
communicate with the service.
Fig. 4. Life cycle of an activity
III. RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
In a regular Linux system resource management is more or
less equal to scheduling. Explaining some basic facts around
how Linux scheduling works, both in general and in some
detail. The overall idea behind scheduling is quite simple. At
any given time the scheduler in a system needs to decide which
process in that system should be the next one to run [23]. All
processes that currently want to run are in the state waiting to
run. Of course, if the system has multiple cores, many
processes can run in parallel. Android has its own power
management which works as a complement to the standard
Linux power management [19]. Figure 5 shows wake lock
schematic As described in the Android documentation, the
Android service requiring it to do so. Wake lock the constant
goal for the system is to be able to shut down the CPU, which
means that a service or an activity that wants to run has to set a
so called wake lock to request CPU resources from the system.
2016 International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom)
Fig. 5. Wake lock schematics
IV. POWER MANAGEMENT
There are many different ways of saving power in a computer
system, i.e. by lowering the utilization of the CPU, I/O or radio
modules such as Wi-Fi. However, in this purpose research
work the focus was on only one of them: lowering the total
CPU-utilization of the system. The formula for calculating
power consumption is:
S= &92''I
Where p is power, C is capacitance, VDD is voltage supply and
f is the CPU clock frequency [20]. If only scaling the CPU
clock frequency this would lead to a linear reduction/increase
in power. However, using dynamic voltage scaling7 the power
reduction is even larger when clocking down the CPU. There
are different suggestions on how much this affects power
consumption, e.g. if the reduction is an order of two or three
[21]. For this work, an order of two has been chosen so that no
exaggerations on the power reductions are made. Draining a
battery slowly will deliver more energy than flash discharge
[22]. If the CPU runs on a lower clock frequency it will drain
the battery slower and hence gets more energy out of the
battery. Since Android in most cases is run on battery powered
devices, draining the battery slowly is the preferred behavior.

V. METHODOLOGY
The Set CPU and task killer applications are making
performance well of smart phone devices and creating the
environment as simple as possible for users. Set CPU has two
phase, first phase is to set the frequency of CPU and balance
this process for use batter power and second phase is total
depend on user because user decide which task and number of
task they need to run, because battery power use also depend
on number of running background process. So battery power
management in Smart Phone devices totally depend at natural
behavior of user like me and you that what condition of
3955
frequency set apply and how much number of current process
running in background. The user interface is kept simple and
understandable. The user need not take any additional effort to
understand the functionality in the application.
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For proposed research test work I use some phases In first
phase I used smart phone device and measure (frequency) and
battery power by running currently application in a particular
ideal time, and according to collecting data generating graph in
below given a lot of information related to my proposed work.
Proposed work test base approach could be describe easily by
below graphs with first graph explorer about application
performance and performance of Set CPU, where second graph
explorer a big important relationship where that which
application engage how much performance of CPU so cause
CPU consume power according to load of application on CPU.
Existing CPU application focus to Set CPU frequency at
particular point according to the fixed performance of CPU
because frequency is fixed CPU consume less battery and we
know very well that if CPU need more frequency and engage
more means have a lot of burden that CPU consume more
power . Now a day‘s smart phone devices capable to run big
application like games, movie, songs with different facilities of
device like high mega pixel of camera, high frequency sound,
advance generation fast network with different sensing
capability, so by Set CPU frequency we can save power of
battery, that is latest demanding issue in the world of smart
phone. Figure 6 demonstrates the comparison result between
Apps.
But saving the power of battery, if set CPU frequency use than
that also create a big problem when smart phone device user
want to use heavy application, means application which
required more CPU that allowed CPU frequency, so that
application make more burden at performance of CPU and
CPU start to consume more power because load is improving at
CPU. Smart phone device need a new idea to solve the problem
of battery power consumption and make performance well of
smart phone devices at same time and create the environment
as simple as possible for user. After this propos purpose
research work improve my application as per logic of source
coding with task killer application that interconnect with set
CPU that can help smart device user give pop-up message and
user can easily decide what they want to do. E.g. if user fixed
frequency at 400(MHz) and QQ application not required more
than 300 (MHz), in this situation set CPU application working
properly but when application Fruit Ninja required 600 (MHz)
in that time CPU can‘t work properly because application
required more frequency than Set Frequency and consume
more battery power and SetCPU.
3956 2016 International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom)
Fig. 6. Comparison between Apps
In this situation task killer application will active as
interconnect with Set CPU application give message to smart
mobile device user-ʊImprove Set CPU Frequency‫ ۅ‬that means
running application need more frequency as per fixed
frequency and making load on CPU and consume more battery
life because CPU not working properly, change Set CPU
frequency again or kill application through task killer. In
android application Set CPU, test application in smart phone
device and set frequency of CPU 400 (MHz) and run few
applications like QQ as a messenger , Fruit Ninja as a Game,
UC as Internet Browser, Storm as a Multimedia Player, Snow
Pro as a Game and Talking Tom as a Game, after run some
applications on the frequency of CPU 400 (MHz), than I find
that few application working properly and saving mobile
battery but few application need more frequency in this case
troubleshooting and hanging problems are occurred, CPU can‘t
work properly and mobile battery need more than required
power and consume more battery.
Where I start to major and find following situation of data
which I describe one by one here, I set CPU frequency 400
(MHz) and QQ application need 300 (MHz) so QQ is working
good and also saving mobile battery life, and run other
application Fruit Ninja that‘s need 600 (MHz) so Fruit Ninja
can‘t running properly and consume more battery life, UC
application that‘s need 300(MHz) so UC is working properly
and also saving mobile battery, other application Storm
application that‘s need 600 (MHz) so Storm can‘t running
properly and consume more battery life because of CPU not
working properly , Snow Pro application need 300 (MHz) so
Snow Pro is running good and also consume less power
because CPU works application properly and Talking Tom
application need 300 (MHz) so Talking Tom is working good
and also save power because CPU works application properly.

Fig. 7. Comparison between Apps and SetCPU and Battery Power
QQ need CPU frequency 300(MHz) save 100(MHz) because of
fixed 400(MHz) set Frequency and also save power because
QQ not make load on CPU that‘s Consume battery power
200(MV), Fruit Ninja need CPU frequency 600(MHz) require
200(MHz) more because of fixed 400(MHz) set Frequency and
Fruit Ninja make over load on CPU and not working properly
and consume more battery power because application make
more burden on CPU that‘s Consume battery power 400(MV),
UC need CPU frequency 300(MHz) save 100(MHz) because of
fixed 400(MHz) set Frequency and also save power because
UC not make load on CPU that‘s Consume battery power
600(MV), Storm need CPU frequency 600(MHz) require
200(MHz) more because of fixed 400(MHz) set Frequency and
Storm make over load on CPU and not working properly and
consume more batter power because application not working
properly and making load on CPU that‘s Consume battery
power 800(MV), Snow pro need CPU frequency 300(MHz)
save 100(MHz) because of fixed 400(MHz) set Frequency and
also save power because Snow pro not make load on CPU
that‘s Consume battery power 1000(MV) and Talking Tom
need CPU frequency 300(MHz) save 100(MHz) because of
fixed 400(MHz) set Frequency and also save power because
Talking Tom not make load on CPU that‘s Consume battery
power 1200(MV), see in Figure 7.
VI. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE
In this research work, a research orientated approach has
been proposed to solve the problem of battery power
consumption as well as making performance well of smart
phone devices and creating the environment as simple as
possible for users through extensive simulation and
experimental tests, the proposed approach has been validated
for good performances.
This application works with the variety of android smart
phones and tablet PCs.
2016 International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom)
This Purpose research work is for few android mobile devices
like HTC One series, Samsung Galaxy series and Nexus
devices. I proposed to research on developing a power
management app for other mobile operating system like OS,
Symbian and Windows Phone.
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