Active Energy Efficiency Using Speed Control Outline

Course description:

Many motors only have two settings: on and off. They operate at constant speed. If a motor turning
at constant speed is driving a device or process that requires less output, adjustments are required
to achieve the desired output level. This adjustment is often achieved by letting the motor run at full
speed, while using downstream devices to block part of the output.

This is like driving your car by having one foot fully depressing the accelerator pedal, and the other
on the brake to constantly control the speed. It sounds absurd, but this is still one of the most
common control methods. An estimated 60% of motors are not speed controlled.

The focus of this course is to explore the different ways we can control motor speed efficiently and
with minimal physical stress on equipment. In addition, we'll discuss other advantages such as
controlled starting and regulated torque.

Course Outline:
Learning objectives
At the completion of this course you will be able to:
Identify main motor starting methods
Recognize the frequency converter principle and its advantages
Realize substantial energy savings using speed control
Reduce harmonic distortion generated by frequency converters
Calculate the payback of an investment in a variable speed drive

Course content or material

1) Introduction
a. Affinity laws
2) Motor starting methods
a. Direct-on-line
b. Star/delta
c. Soft starting
d. Electrical variable speed control
3) Starting methods compared
4) Advantages of VSD
a. Controlled start and stop

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 b. Reduced investment
c. Comfort / accuracy
d. Mechanical protection
e. Convenient user interface
f. Communication for control
g. Reduced operating costs
5) How to waste energy
a. Flow regulation with a damper
6) How to save energy
a. Speed control
i. Potential energy savings with pumps
ii. Potential energy savings with fans
7) Economic factors
a. Variable speed drives
i. Less expensive
ii. More flexible
iii. Energy savings: 20% - 50%
iv. Flexible
v. Allows for future speed changes
vi. Can be integrated with a minimum of disruption
vii. Generally pay for themselves within 1 to 2.5 years
b. Economic factors example
8) Available tools
a. Energy consumption simulator
b. ECO2 energy calculator
9) Harmonics
a. Mitigation
i. Choke
ii. Passive filters
iii. Active filters
iv. 12-pulses system
v. Clean drives
10) Conclusions
11) Summary

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