Design of Power Management Control of

EHV using Internet of Things

Abstract
• This project proposes the hybrid vehicle power management system
in order to efficiently use the peripherals available in the electric
vehicle and to increase the mileage of vehicle with minimum power
source.
• This project categorizes the peripherals available in the electric
vehicle into three types which are mandatory, less priority/moderate
peripherals and luxury peripheral devices.
• The main aim of this project is to travel a certain distance for reaching
the destination/next charging station with available power sources by
the power management program and power demand limitation.
Abstract
• This system automates the load utilization according to the power
availability in the battery. The peripheral load of the vehicle is
prioritized and the load is disconnected automatically on priority
based on the battery charge availability.
• Also the electric vehicle is charged with the help of piezo electric
crystal as a secondary source based on the vibration caused by the
vehicle movement.
Introduction
• Hybrid vehicle has two or more power source for the drive trains
which transmit power to the driving wheels. A hybrid vehicle has
multiple combination forms of motive power.Hybrids come in many
configurations. For example, a hybrid vehicle may receive energy
primarily by burning petroleum from a combustion engine,
secondarily energy received from gas or battery source with electric
motor drive.
• The Internet of things (IoT) describes the network of physical object
“things” that are embedded with sensors, software, and other
technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with
other devices and systems over the Internet.
Introduction
• The main aim of this project is to proposes the hybrid vehicle power
management system in order to efficiently use the peripherals
available in the electric vehicle and to increase the mileage of vehicle
with minimum power source.
Objective
• The main objective of our project is to implement a power
management control system in hybrid vehicle to reach the destination
location in single charge and according to the power source
availability.
Literature Review
• Yuying Hu (2019)The frequent stop-and-go operations require high
and fast burst driving power, which accelerates the electric vehicle
(EV) batteries degradation.
• Nathan Scharich (2017) discussed about the Battery management
systems which can measure the performance of batteries. Most
significantly, they can estimate expected run time under certain
discharge conditions.
Battery Management System using Arduino
• Battery management systems which can measure the performance of
batteries. Most significantly, they can estimate expected run time
under certain discharge conditions.
• The calculation is defined as the average current coming from the
battery multiplied by the time it takes to reach a safe cutoff point of
the battery. These two variables, average discharge current and
duration are directly proportional to each other.
• Using the average current and time multiplied together provides amp
hour rating. An efficient and low cost way to measure these values is
by using a microcontroller such as Arduino Nano.
Battery Management System using Arduino
• The Arduino determines average discharge current and can record
time to estimate the Ah rating of the battery.
• After some fine adjustment using designing methods, the system was
obtaining acceptable values from discharging tests using an E Fest
IMR18650 2Ah Li-Mn battery.
• Using a standard battery datasheet, the proper shut-off voltage was
determined to be 2.5V. The test results were within our acceptable
range on the printed battery Ah value.
• The voltages were then plotted in Matlab using a CSV file created
bythe serial monitor print out from the microcontroller.
Existing System
• In existing system, battery performance is handled by having auxiliary
power source but the load handling is not undertaken in order to
enhance the battery run time.
• In the diesel-electric or petrol-electric Hybrid vehicle have main power-
train as IC engine and the load is handled by the Battery source.
• Similarly in most of the hybrid vehicles, the load is handled by auxiliary
power source which is also sub power-train for the vehicle.
• Thus the existing system don’t have the load management and the
user don’t have aware about the existing power availability during the
run time.
Proposed System
Proposed System
• In the proposed system, The load pheripherals inside the electric
vehicle is categorized into three different systems and based on the
next charging destination, the peripherals are allowed to be activated
or deactivated based on the priority rules described inside the
microcontroller.
• By this method the vehicle run time is increased and hence the user
can move to the desired location without any interruption.
• Also the piezo electric crystal is used for power generation while the
electric vehicle running, the power is generated from vehicle vibration
and utilized in order to charge the electric vehicle battery source.
Software used
Proteus Circuit Simulator
• Proteus is a simulation and design software tool developed by Lab
center Electronics for Electrical and Electronic circuit design.
• It also possess 2D CAD drawing feature. It deserves to bear the tagline
“From concept to completion”.
• About Proteus It is a software suite containing schematic, simulation
as well as PCB designing.
Software used
OrCad
• OrCAD is a suite of products for PCB Design and analysis that includes
a schematic editor (Capture), an analog/mixed-signal circuit simulator
(PSpice), and a PCB board layout solution (PCB Designer Professional).
OrCAD Capture OrCAD Capture is a schematic capture application and
part of the OrCAD circuit
 Output and Results

Simulation Initializing Booting Modem

Fig. Simulation1 The speed of the electric vehicle
Fig. Simulation 2 Battery charging indication
Fig. Simulation 3 PWM pulse of the engine control unit when the speed of the electric vehicle is set to 74PRM
Fig. Simulation 4 PWM pulse of the engine control unit when the speed of the electric vehicle is set to 96PRM
Fig. Simulation 5 PWM pulse of the engine control unit at 100RPM. Since the battery SOC level is below 50%
Fig. Simulation 6 The system cutoff the luxurious loads in order to save battery when the battery SOC falls below 50%
Fig. Simulation 7 The TCP/IP commands from the GSM modem
Output and Results

Simulation Result 1 Simulation Result 2

Output and Results

Simulation Result 3 Simulation Result 4

Output and Results

Simulation Result 5 Simulation Result 6

Simulation Result 7
Conclusion
• By using this project the Hybrid Vehicle Power Management
Control System is developed and implemented as hardware by
categorizing the vehicle peripherals in to three different types such
as mandatory, less priority/moderate and luxury peripherals along
with the drive speed & power control.

• The mandatory peripherals are absolutely essential to drive the

vehicle and to operate the basic operation of vehicle which are not
deactivated.

• The Luxury and Low priority or moderate priority peripherals like

Air-Conditioner, Music system, horn, high beam lights are
controlled by PWM pulse depending on the power availability of the
source and their intensity is controlled without affecting its
functionality for minimizing power utilization.
Conclusion
• Also the power demand of electric drive is controlled based on the power
source availability by governing the speed of vehicle which will increase the
distance travelling and there by increase the mileage.

• The Piezoelectric crystal based Charging is enabled based on the vibration

occured through vehicle movement which will act as secondary power
source while running and it will also lengthen the distance travelling.

• The Battery charge status percentage along with Piezo electric charging
status are recorded and monitored through IoT.

• Thus a effective efficient power management control system is automated

and implemented in simulation which manages peripheral loads in the
vehicle based on the priority and power availablity along with IoT recording
and monitoring.
References
• B. Aaron, H. Kristina, and H. Terry. ADVISOR Documentation.
[Online].Available:http://adv-vehicleim.sourceforge.net/advisor doc.html,
accessed June 7, 2018.
• Gurobi Optimization Inc. Gurobi optimizer reference manual. [Online].Available:
http://www.gurobi.com, accessed June 13, 2018.
• Next Generation Simulation (NGSIM). [Online]. Available:
https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/trafficanalysistools/ngsim.htm, accessed June 5, 2018.
• K. Murphy. Bayes Net Toolbox for Matlab. [Online].
Available:https://github.com/bayesnet/bnt, accessed June 6, 2018.
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Thankyou……..