Parul Institute of Engineering and Technology

• Project Presentation
on
“BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR
THREE WHEELER”

Presented by
Mauhanit Limbachiya (190303106725)
Shivani Shirke (190303106749)
Komalben Sikligar (190303106750)

Under Supervision of
Prof. Vinay Kumar Yadav
1
 Presentation Outline

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Summary of literature referred
• Problem Identification
• Proposed system diagram
• Methodology
• Project Implementation
• Result
• Conclusion
• References
 Abstract
• The battery monitoring system is capable to monitor parameters of
batteries like SOC and the temperature of the batteries and Show all those
real-time data to the user on the blynk platform for further action.
• To monitor these battery parameters, we have developed a system that can
able to detect all those parameters using Various sensors by building an IoT
system.
• If the temperature, voltage, and current of batteries are reached at a specific
level then the system will give the notification to the user.
 Introduction
• The previous battery monitoring system only monitor and detect the
condition of the battery and alarm the user via battery indicator inside the
vehicle.
• Due to the advancement of the design of the notification system, the
internet of things (IoT) technology can be used to notify the manufacturer
and users regarding the battery status.
• This can be considered as one of the maintenance support procedures that
can be done by the manufacturer.
• The proposed system consists of different sensors like the current sensor,
voltage sensor, a temperature sensor for monitoring different battery
conditions in the vehicle.
• Current sensor ACS712 is used to monitor the current through battery. the
current sensor can monitor the current of up to 5A.
• Voltage sensor is used to monitor battery voltage in real-time.
• The temperature sensor will monitor the temperature of the battery so that
it will decide the performance of the battery.
• The outputs of the current sensor, voltage sensor, and temp sensor are
analog in nature and we need to convert that analog output from the sensor
into digital format, and for that, we are going to use inbuilt ADC of the
controller which is 10-bit and 13-channel ADC.
• Also, this information is transferred to NodeMCU for uploading that
information on the cloud. NodeMCU is having inbuilt Wi-Fi.
 Literature Review - 1
Mohd Helmy Abd Wahab, Radzi Ambar, Aslina Baharum (January 2021) 'IoT-
Based Battery Monitoring System for Electric Vehicle', International Journal of
Engineering & Technology, 05
Summary:
• This paper describes the application of Internet-of-things (IoT) in monitoring
the performance of electric vehicle battery. It is clear that an electric vehicle
totally depends on the source of energy from a battery. However, the amount of
energy supplied to the vehicle is decreasing gradually that leads to the
performance degradation.
• The paper described the design and development of an IoT-based battery
monitoring system for electric vehicle to ensure the battery performance
degradation can be monitored online
 Literature Review - 2
Omkar S Chitnis (n.d.) 'A Review on Battery Management System for Electric
Vehicles', International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume
10(ISSN 2229-5518 )
Summary:
• A literature review has revealed that BMSs are still in a premature stage. Even if
state-of-the-art algorithms and monitoring methods were developed and applied
in EVs, the reliability of BMSs would still make end users suspicious.
• It can be seen that the trade off between high performance and feasibility in a
BMS is important.
 Literature Review - 3
Kabalci, Y.; Kabalci, E.; Padmanaban, S.; Holm-Nielsen, J.B.; Blaabjerg, F.
Internet of things applications as energy internet in smart grids and smart
environments. Electronics 2019, 8, 972

Summary:
• The major background on examining the reference is that it provides clear
information about different communication technologies and their integration
over various IoT applications.
• Further, It describes the development and transformation of different
information and communication technologies that can be implemented for smart
grid process.
 Literature Review - 7
Sousa, R.A.; Melendez, A.A.N.; Monteiro, V.; Afonso, J.L.; Ferreira, J.C.; Afonso,
J.A. Development of an IoT system with smart charging current control for electric
vehicles. In Proceedings of the IECON 2018-44th Annual Conference of the IEEE
Industrial Electronics Society, Washington, DC, USA, 21–23 October 2018; pp.
4662–4667.
Summary:
• IoT technology has been enabled for monitoring all important parameters in
electric vehicles mostly for observing the amount of power that is controlled
during charging process. In line with above concern, a smart charging control
process has been introduced for saving unnecessary wastage of power in the
home.
 Literature Review - 8
Savari, G.F.; Krishnasamy, V.; Sathik, J.; Ali, Z.M. Abdel Aleem SHE. Internet of
Things based real-time electric vehicle load forecasting and charging station
recommendation. ISA Trans. 2020, 97, 431–447
Summary:
• Since load forecasting is very necessary for incorporating real time electric
vehicles the same strategy is followed by introducing a method for monitoring
all charging stations.
• A big cloud platform has been created thus creating a real time view using an
IoT process. However, for electricity price there is no possibility that it can vary
with time but instead a reduced cost of implementation would be very helpful
for investigating the necessary case studies with correct state of charge
formulations.
 Literature Review - 9
Gao, D.; Zhang, Y.; Li, X. The internet of things for electric vehicles: Wide area
charging-swap information perception, transmission and application. Adv. Mater.
Res. 2013, 608, 1560–1565
Summary:
• Since IoT is an automation process, if any problem arises in such an automatic
process during charging of electric vehicles, then a swapping method in
charging station is introduced by sharing all necessary information through the
internet only to particular authorized users.
• Even though the authors have introduced a combined communication method
for handling large data, encrypting the data only to authorized users has not
been discussed .
 Literature Review - 10
Asaad, M.; Ahmad, F.; Alam, M.S.; Rafat, Y. IoT enabled Electric Vehicle’s
Battery Monitoring System. EAI SGIOT 2017, 8
Summary:
• In this research , a mini computer with very high information storing capacity
has been devised using a raspberry-pi module.
• Additionally, this raspberry-pi works with an IoT platform called node red for
monitoring the status of battery and the results are monitored and sent to a
particular user at all discrete intervals.
• This high processing device is much easier to implement and even more
parameters can be monitored.
• However, only battery charging has been monitored by using such efficient
technique without discussing any other advantage of sensor technologies.
 Literature Review - 11
Helmy, M.; Wahab, A.; Imanina, N.; Anuar, M.; Ambar, R.; Baharum, A.; Shanta,
S.; Sulaiman, M.S.; Fauzi, S.S.M.; Hanafi, H.F. IoT-Based Battery Monitoring
System for Electric Vehicle. Int. J. Eng. Technol. 2018, 7, 505–510.
Summary:
• The same method as discussed in Literature survey 10 has been Literature
survey 11 without any raspberry-pi processor for monitoring the performance of
electric vehicles and to stop the degradation process.
• Here for a simple operation is provided by using many sensors which includes
voltage, current and temperature sensors. Additionally, the data are integrated
and sent to requested users using Global Positioning System which is connected
with Google maps.
 Literature Review - 12
Divyapriya, S.; Amudha, A.; Vijayakumar, R. Design and Implementation of Grid
Connected Solar/Wind/Diesel Generator Powered Charging Station for Electric
Vehicles with Vehicle to Grid Technology Using IoT. Curr. Signal Transduct. Ther.
2018, 13, 59–67.
Summary:
• Advanced technology which includes a new concept of buying and selling
power in charging stations has been introduced.
• This method discusses all different scenarios using solar, wind and diesel
generators but for charging electric vehicles a very complicated process is not
required at a much higher cost.
• If this process is implemented in real time, then space required for such an
operation should be much higher which is not possible for all business persons.
 Literature Review - 13
Muralikrishnan, P.; Kalaivani, M.; College, K.R. IOT based electric vehicle
charging station using Arduino Uno. Int. J. Sci. Technol. 2020, 29, 4101–4106.
Summary:
• An Arduino-based method has been introduced but the authors have assured
that the efficiency of the charging station will be increased which is not
possible.
• Whereas, if the efficiency of vehicle is increased then a new method can be
developed with some efficient processors.
• In line with above concern the same Arduino method has been extended with
block chain technologies.
• If the suggested method is introduced then limitations on power will be solved
but high cost of implementation is observed as a major drawback
 Literature Review - 14
Ayob, A.; Wan Mahmood, W.M.F.; Mohamed, A.; Wanik, M.Z.C.; Siam, M.F.M.;
Sulaiman, S.; Azit, A.H.; Mohamed Ali, M.A. Review on electric vehicle, battery
charger, charging station and standards. Res. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol. 2014, 7,
364–372.
Summary:
• Exploring the role of IoT in the energy sector has been briefly discussed in this
paper where the more challenging task on implementation procedure has been
given and useful information for real time implementation of the proposed
method can be obtained.
• Similarly, a survey on the big analytics process is also carried out with different
communication technologies and thus providing information on standardization
models.
 Literature Review - 15

Motlagh, N.H.; Mohammadrezaei, M.; Hunt, J.; Zakeri, B. Internet of things (IoT)
and the energy sector. Energies 2020, 13, 494.
Summary:
• The authors have explored revenue-based electric vehicle battery monitoring
system, where each individual can monitor the charging time by using wireless
technologies at their present position. Consequently a new concept has been
designed where, during the autonomous driving process, wireless chargers will
be installed inside the vehicle and this operation is referred to as Internet of
Vehicles (IoV).
 Problem Identification
• The lithium-ion battery life cycle can be shortened for some reasons such as
overcharging and deep discharges.
• On the other hand, EV usually has a limited range of traveling due to battery
size and body structure.
 Proposed system diagram
 Block diagram
 Circuit diagram
 Flowchart
 Methodology

Sensors

• Current sensor

• Voltage sensor
• Temperature sensor

Controller

• Nodemcu
• CD74HC4067
 Software
• Arduino IDE
– The open-source Arduino Software (IDE) makes it easy to write code
and upload it to the board.
– It runs on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux.

• Blynk App
– Blynk app is a cloud IoT Platform that provides every needed tool to
prototype, scale and manage connected products in a very simple way.
 List of Components
SR. COMPONETS SPECIFICATION
NO
1 Lithium Ion Battery • V = 3.7V DC
• Nominal Voltage = 3.7V
• Nominal Capacity = 2,850 mAh
• Minimum Discharge Voltage = 3V
• Charging Voltage = 4.2V
(maximum)
• Charging current = 0.5C
2 ACS712 • Measures both AC and DC current
• Available as 5A, 20A and 30A
module
• Provides isolation from the load
Easy to integrate with MCU, since

it outputs analog voltage

25
SR. COMPONETS SPECIFICATION
NO
3 Nodemcu • Vin = 5V DC
• GPIO Pin = 17 Pins
• Processor = Single core
• ADC Range = 0 – 3.3V
• WiFi Built-In 802.11 b/g/n

4 LM35 • Input voltage = 5V DC

• Measurement temp range = -55°C to
150°C
• ±0.5°C Accuracy
5 CD74HC4067 • Input channel = S1,S2,S3,S4
• Output Channel = C0 to C15
• Input voltage = 5V DC

26
 Project Implementation
• Blynk Setup:
 Project Implementation
• Source Code:
 Libraries and Wi-Fi Setup

 Libraries and Wi-Fi Setup

 Project Implementation
• Source Code:
 Voltage calculation
Project Implementation
Project Implementation
 Result

 Hardware
• Battery Pack :
 Result
• Final Hardware :
 Result
• Monitoring :

 All the parameter of the

battery is monitored as
mentioned above –
Battery voltage, load
current, Temperature of
the battery.
 Result
• Notification :

 The system is able to send the

notification when the battery gets
fully discharged.
 Conclusion
• Electrical vehicles are playing a vital role in transformation in the transport
sector. Electric Vehicles are having enormous potential for future transport
communication, by exchanging the present conventional vehicles.
• The Project described the design and development of an IoT-based battery
monitoring system for electric vehicles to ensure the battery performance
degradation can be monitored online. The objective is to prove that the
concept of the idea can be realized. The development of the system consists
of the hardware for the battery monitoring device and software for the
battery monitoring parameter show case.
• The system is able to show information such as voltage, Current, and the
temperature on the internet by incorporating a sensor system to detect the
battery parameter and display it on the thinger.io platform
 Reference
1. . Alternative Fuels Data Center: Batteries for Hybrid and Plug-In Electric Vehicles
(energy.gov)
2. Mohd Helmy Abd Wahab, Radzi Ambar, Aslina Baharum (January 2021) 'IoT-Based
Battery Monitoring System for Electric Vehicle', International Journal of
Engineering & Technology, 05()
3. Omkar S Chitnis (n.d.) 'A Review on Battery Management System for Electric
Vehicles', International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume
10(ISSN 2229-5518)
4. Kabalci, Y.; Kabalci, E.; Padmanaban, S.; Holm-Nielsen, J.B.; Blaabjerg, F. Internet
of things applications as energy internet in smart grids and smart environments.
Electronics 2019, 8, 972
5. Farmanbar, M.; Parham, K.; Arild, O.; Rong, C. A widespread review of smart grids
towards smart cities. Energies 2019, 12, 4484.
6. Yao, L.; Chen, Y.Q.; Lim, W.H. Internet of Things for Electric Vehicle: An Improved
Decentralized Charging Scheme. In Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE International
Conference on Data Science and Data Intensive Systems, Sydney, Australia, 11–13
December 2015; pp. 651–658.
7. Benedetto, M.; Ortenzi, F.; Lidozzi, A.; Solero, L. Design and Implementation of
Reduced Grid Impact Charging Station for Public Transportation Applications.
World Electr. Veh. J. 2021, 12, 28
8. Sousa, R.A.; Melendez, A.A.N.; Monteiro, V.; Afonso, J.L.; Ferreira, J.C.; Afonso,
J.A. Development of an IoT system with smart charging current control for electric
vehicles. In Proceedings of the IECON 2018-44th Annual Conference of the IEEE
Industrial Electronics Society, Washington, DC, USA, 21–23 October 2018; pp.
4662–4667.
9. Savari, G.F.; Krishnasamy, V.; Sathik, J.; Ali, Z.M. Abdel Aleem SHE. Internet of
Things based real-time electric vehicle load forecasting and charging station
recommendation. ISA Trans. 2020, 97, 431–447
10. Gao, D.; Zhang, Y.; Li, X. The internet of things for electric vehicles: Wide area
chargingswap information perception, transmission and application. Adv. Mater.
Res. 2013,608, 1560–1565
11. Asaad, M.; Ahmad, F.; Alam, M.S.; Rafat, Y. IoT enabled Electric Vehicle’s Battery
Monitoring System. EAI SGIOT 2017, 8 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY, PARUL UNIVERSITY 49
12. Helmy, M.; Wahab, A.; Imanina, N.; Anuar, M.; Ambar, R.; Baharum, A.; Shanta, S.;
Sulaiman, M.S.; Fauzi, S.S.M.; Hanafi, H.F. IoT-Based Battery Monitoring System
for Electric Vehicle. Int. J. Eng. Technol. 2018, 7, 505–510.
13. Divyapriya, S.; Amudha, A.; Vijayakumar, R. Design and Implementation of Grid
Connected Solar/Wind/Diesel Generator Powered Charging Station for Electric
Vehicles with Vehicle to Grid Technology Using IoT. Curr. Signal Transduct. Ther.
2018, 13, 59–6
14. Muralikrishnan, P.; Kalaivani, M.; College, K.R. IOT based electric vehicle
charging station using Arduino Uno. Int. J. Sci. Technol. 2020, 29, 4101–4106.
15. Ayob, A.; Wan Mahmood, W.M.F.; Mohamed, A.; Wanik, M.Z.C.; Siam, M.F.M.;
Sulaiman, S.; Azit, A.H.; Mohamed Ali, M.A. Review on electric vehicle, battery
charger, charging station and standards. Res. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol. 2014, 7,
364–372.