BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTME FOR

THREE-WHEELER

A MID SEMESTER PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

MAUHANIT LIMBACHIYA - 190303106725

SHIVANI SHIRKE - 190303106749
KOMALBEN SIKLIGAR - 190303106750

In

Electrical Engineering

Under the Guidance of

Prof. Vinay Kumar Yadav

Electrical Engineering Department,

Parul Institute of Engineering and Technology,
Faculty of Engineering and Technology,
Parul University, Vadodara
March 2022
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PARUL UNIVERSITY

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mid Semester Review Report for Project-II (03106451) of
8th Semester for the project entitled “BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR
THREE-WHEELER” of Group No. PUEE_17 has been successfully submitted by

MAUHANIT LIMBACHIYA - 190303106725

SHIVANI SHIRKE - 190303106749
KOMALBEN SIKLIGAR – 190303106750

Under my guidance in Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech.) in Electrical Engineering of

Parul University in Academic Year 2021-2022.

Prof. Vinay Kumar Yadav

Assistant professor,
Electrical Engineering Department,
Parul Institute of Engineering and Technology,
Faculty of Engineering and Technology,
Parul University

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Behind any major work undertaken by an individual, there lies the contribution of
the people who helped him to cross all the hurdles to achieve his goal. It gives me
the immense pleasure to express my sense of sincere gratitude towards my
respected guide Prof. Vinay Kumar Yadav (Assistant Professor) for his persistent,
outstanding, invaluable co-operation and guidance. It is my achievement to be
guided under him. He is a constant source of encouragement and momentum that
any intricacy becomes simple. I gained a lot of invaluable guidance and prompt
suggestions from him during entire project work. I will be indebted of him forever
and I take pride to work under him.
I also express my deep sense of regards and thanks to Dr. Chirag Naik, (Associate
Professor) and Head of Electrical Engineering Department. I feel very privileged to
have had their precious advices, guidance and leadership.
Last but not the least, my humble thanks to the Almighty God.

Place: Vadodara MAUHANIT LIMBACHIYA 190303106725

Date: SHIVANI SHIRKE (190303106749)
KOMALBEN SIKLIGAR (190303106750)

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 ABSTRACT

Electrical vehicles are taken power from store devices such as batteries. However,

the amount of energy supplied to the vehicle is reducing gradually which reduces

the performance of the batteries.

For solving this issue, we are going to monitoring the performance of the Batteries

using IoT. The battery monitoring system is capable to monitor parameters of

batteries like Voltage, load current, and the temperature of the batteries and show

all those real-time data to the user on the Blynk platform for further action.

To monitor these battery parameters, we have developed a system that can able to

detect all those parameters using sensors by building an IoT system. If the

temperature, voltage and current of batteries is reached at specific level then

system will give the notification to user.

Key word: Electrical Vehicle, Battery monitoring, IoT, Blynk.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknowledgement ii
Abstract iii
Table of Contents Iv
Chapter : 1 Introduction
1.1 Introduction 01
Chapter : 2 Literature Survey 02
Chapter : 3 Experimental setup and Methodology
3.1 Block Diagram & Circuit Diagram 05
3.2 Flow chart and Algorithm 06
3.3 Hardware components 07
Chapter : 4 Project Implementation
4.1 Blynk Setup 11
4.2 Source code 11
Chapter : 5 Result and discussion
5.1 Hardware 14
5.2 Monitoring 15
5.3 Notification 16
Conclusion 17
References 18

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 CHAPTER – 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

Electric vehicles are growing more commonplace as technology mellows and

gas prices remain higher than in earlier decades. While the internal combustion
engine still dominates much of the world’s roads, electric vehicles and hybrids
are more prevalent in urban areas than in previous decades. Most EVs used a
rechargeable battery which is a lithium-ion battery. It is more petite to be
compared with lead-acid. It has constant power, and energy’s life cycle is 6 to
10 times greater compared with a lead-acid battery. The lithium-ion battery life
cycle can be shortened for some reasons such as overcharging and deep
discharges. On the other hand, EV usually has a limited range of traveling due
to battery size and body structure. So, monitoring of batteries becomes
necessary in EVs. Monitoring batteries by using IoT technology is the best
choice. The proposed system consists of sensor technology, cloud platform,
electronic devices to complete the battery monitoring system.
Energy storage systems, usual batteries, are necessary for hybrid electric
vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and all-electric
vehicles (EVs). [1]
There are different types of batteries which are used in EVs:
1. Lithium ion batteries
2. Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries
3. Lead-Acid Batteries
4. Ultracapacitors

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 CHAPTER – 2
LITERATURE SURVEY

 IoT-Based Battery Monitoring System for Electric Vehicle:

This paper describes the application of Internet-of-things (IoT) in monitoring the

performance of electric vehicle battery. It is clear that an electric vehicle totally
depends on the source of energy from a battery. However, the amount of energy
supplied to the vehicle is decreasing gradually that leads to the performance
degradation.
The paper described the design and development of an IoT-based battery
monitoring system for electric vehicle to ensure the battery performance
degradation can be monitored online
The system is capable to show information such as location, battery condition and
time via internet by incorporating GPS system to detect the coordinate and display
it on the Google Maps application. [1]

 A review on battery management system for EV

A literature review has revealed that BMSs are still in a premature stage. Even if
state-of-the-art algorithms and monitoring methods were developed and applied in
EVs, the reliability of BMSs would still make end users suspicious. Generally, the
estimation and prediction methods have unfeasible hardware requirements, such as,
impedance measurement, which is costly and not practical in many BMS
applications today. [2]
 Internet of things applications as energy internet in smart grids and smart
environments

The major background on examining the reference is that it provides clear

information about different communication technologies and their integration over

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 various IoT applications. Further, it describes the development and transformation
of different information and communication technologies that can be implemented
for smart grid process. [3]

 An Improved Decentralized Charging Scheme

In this research a new method of integrating residential building for smart charging
process has been projected, where different state of charge levels has been obtained
with a reduced electricity bill. However, there is no intelligent device that is used
for monitoring critical situations of failure, which is considered as the main
drawback. [4]

 Design and Implementation of Reduced Grid Impact Charging Station for

Public Transportation Applications

After some innovative process like IoT, block chain technology has been introduced
for data encryption, where it is integrated for calculating the exact battery level with
indication of charging stations. However, the usage of block chain technology is
not necessary for checking the amount of battery level. If the proposed model is
analyzing any important parameters like security, then block chain can be
implemented. [5]

 Development of an IoT system with smart charging current control for electric
vehicles

IoT technology has been enabled for monitoring all important parameters in electric
vehicles mostly for observing the amount of power that is controlled during
charging process. In line with above concern, a smart charging control process has
been introduced for saving unnecessary wastage of power in the home. [6]

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 Internet of Things based real-time electric vehicle load forecasting and
charging station

Since load forecasting is very necessary for incorporating real time electric vehicles
the same strategy is followed by introducing a method for monitoring all charging
stations. A big cloud platform has been created thus creating a real time view using
an IoT process. However, for electricity price there is no possibility that it can vary
with time but instead a reduced cost of implementation would be very helpful for
investigating the necessary case studies with correct state of charge formulations.
[7]

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 CHAPTER – 3
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND METHODOLOGY

3.1 Block Diagram & Circuit Diagram

 Block Diagram

(Fig 1. Block diagram)

 Circuit Diagram

(Fig 2. Circuit diagram)

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3.2Flow chart and Algorithm
 Flow chart of Proposed System :

START

System Initializing done

Voltage sensing circuit sense

battery voltage

Current sensor sense current

Temperature sensor send temp.

value

Upload data on cloud database

END

(Fig.3 Flow chart of proposed system)

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  Algorithm of Proposed system:
 Three batteries are connected with a battery parameter sensing circuit.
 Battery parameter sensing circuit contains filter circuit, a voltage sensing
circuit.
 The output of the parameter sensing circuit is connected with the analog pin
(A0) of .CD74HC4067.
 The temperature sensor is connected with an analog pin (C2) of
CD74HC4067.
 The Current sensor is connected with analog pin (C1) of CD74HC4067...
 Arduino nano and esp8266 both are serially connected to each other.
 ESP8266 Provide Wi-Fi accessibility to Arduino Nano for cloud platform
application.
 All parameter of the batteries will be monitoring on the thinger.io platform.

3.3Main hardware components

 CD74HC4067

(Fig.4 CD74HC4067)

The CD74HC4067 and CD74HCT4067 devices are digitally controlled analog

switches that utilize silicon-gate CMOS technology to achieve operating speeds
similar to LSTTL, with the low power consumption of standard CMOS integrated
circuits.

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 Nodemcu:

(Fig.4 Nodemcu)

The ESP8266 is a very user friendly and low-cost device to provide internet
connectivity to your projects. The module can work both as an Access point (can
create hotspot) and as a station (can connect to Wi-Fi), hence it can easily fetch data
and upload it to the internet making Internet of Things as easy as possible.
 Current Sensor:

(Fig.5 ACS712)

Specifications:
 Measures both AC and DC current
 Available as 5A, 20A and 30A module
 Provides isolation from the load
 Easy to integrate with MCU, since it outputs analog voltage

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 LM35:

(Fig 5. LM35)

LM35 Regulator Features:

 Minimum and Maximum Input Voltage is 35V and -2V respectively.

Typically, 5V.
 Can measure temperature ranging from -55°C to 150°C
 Output voltage is directly proportional (Linear) to temperature (i.e.)
there will be a rise of 10mV (0.01V) for every 1°C rise in temperature.
 ±0.5°C Accuracy
 Lithium-Ion Battery

(Fig 6. Lithium ion battery)

Specifications:

 Nominal Voltage: 3.7V

 Nominal Capacity: 2,850 mAh
 Minimum Discharge Voltage: 3V
 Maximum Discharge current: 1C

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  Charging Voltage: 4.2V (maximum)
 Charging current: 0.5C
 Resistor
10.6K,3.86K – Values are used
 DC motor

(Fig 7. DC motor)

A DC motor is any motor within a class of electrical machines whereby direct

current electrical power is converted into mechanical power.
Rating = 12V

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 CHAPTER – 4
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
4.1Blynk Setup:

(Fig 8.blynk app installation)

4.2Source code:

(Fig 9. Library and Wi-Fi credential)

(Fig 9. Setup and calculation)

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(Fig 10. Voltage calculation)

Continue.

Continue.

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Continue.

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 CHAPTER – 5
RESULT AND DISCUSSION

5.1Hardware

 Battery Pack :

(Fig 11. Battery Pack)

 Cell Voltage = 3.7V

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  Cell Capapcity = 3000MAH

 Battery Pack Voltage = 12V

 Battery Pack Capacity = 18000MAH

 Final Hardware:

(Fig 12. Final Hardware)

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5.2Monitoring

(Fig 13. Parameter monitoring)

 All the parameter of the battery is monitored as mentioned above – Battery

voltage, load current, Temperature of the battery.

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5.3Notification

(Fig 14. Notification)

 The system is able to send the notification when the battery gets fully
discharged.

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 CONCLUSION

Electrical vehicles are playing a vital role in transformation in the transport sector.
Electric Vehicles are having enormous potential for future transport
communication, by exchanging the present conventional vehicles. EVs will be
becoming much eco-friendlier by saving the planet from global warming, by
reducing the greenhouse gases emitted from present vehicles.

The Project described the design and development of an IoT-based battery

monitoring system for electric vehicles to ensure the battery performance
degradation can be monitored online. The objective is to prove that the concept of
the idea can be realized. The development of the system consists of the hardware
for the battery monitoring device and software for the battery monitoring parameter
show case. The system is able to show information such as voltage, Current, SoC,
DoD, the temperature on the internet by incorporating a sensor system to detect the
battery parameter and display it on the thinger.io platform.

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 REFFERENCES

1. Alternative Fuels Data Center: Batteries for Hybrid and Plug-In Electric
Vehicles (energy.gov)

2. Mohd Helmy Abd Wahab, Radzi Ambar, Aslina Baharum (January 2021)
'IoT-Based Battery Monitoring System for Electric Vehicle', International
Journal of Engineering & Technology, 05()

3. Omkar S Chitnis (n.d.) 'A Review on Battery Management System for

Electric Vehicles', International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research,
Volume 10(ISSN 2229-5518)

4. Benedetto, M.; Ortenzi, F.; Lidozzi, A.; Solero, L. Design and

Implementation of Reduced Grid Impact Charging Station for Public
Transportation Applications. World Electr. Veh. J. 2021, 12, 28

5. Sousa, R.A.; Melendez, A.A.N.; Monteiro, V.; Afonso, J.L.; Ferreira, J.C.;
Afonso, J.A. Development of an IoT system with smart charging current control
for electric vehicles. In Proceedings of the IECON 2018-44th Annual
Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Washington, DC, USA,
21–23 October 2018; pp. 4662–4667.

6. Savari, G.F.; Krishnasamy, V.; Sathik, J.; Ali, Z.M. Abdel Aleem SHE.
Internet of Things based real-time electric vehicle load forecasting and charging
station recommendation. ISA Trans. 2020, 97, 431–447

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7. Gao, D.; Zhang, Y.; Li, X. The internet of things for electric vehicles: Wide
area charging-swap information perception, transmission and application. Adv.
Mater. Res. 2013, 608, 1560–1565

8. www.https:// nodemcu, ACS712, CD74HC4067,LM35,Lithium ion battery,

resistor,DC motor, Blynk, Arduino ide

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