School of Electronics and Communication Engineering

Course Code: Year: 2021-2022

B18EC7060/B18EC8030
Major Project Synopsis
Sem: 7th & 8th

Project Group Members Details

Group No: 92 Group Name: BakerStreet Boys

Sl.
SRN Full Name Section Student Signature
No
1 R18EC268 Sai Kiran M U B
2 R18EC321 Syed Arfath A
3 R18EC030 Aripi Sumanth D
4 R18EC322 Syed Arsalan A

Project Details
Project Title: Design and Maintenance of Smart Grid using IOT

Guide Details: Name: Dr. Chaya Ravindra Mobile No:

Designation: Assistant Professor 9833075908

Remarks by Guide:
Guide Signature

Date:

School of ECE, REVA University 2021-2022 Synopsis page no. 1/3

 Abstract:

Electricity is an important invention without which life on Earth is impossible. Present day
infrastructure like hospitals, medical storages and automated industrials spaces require a steady flow of
electricity without which, innocent lives and expensive apparatus are prone to enormous peril. Easy
switching multiple power grids and IOT incorporated maintenance interfaces provide an efficient
solutions to this problem by operating with a use of cloud storage and analysis. This project also
describes the IoT based power monitoring system that is capable to measure and analyze the electrical
parameters such as voltage, current, active power, and energy consumption of loads. IoT based software
application is used to obtain the real-time electrical data of consumers. Based on this data, the
consumer and electric power companies in the SG paradigm can better manage their consumption to
reduce billing costs. The power reading is sent to the cloud using ESP 8266, a Wi-Fi module. The power
reading from sensors is read and transmitted digitally to the Arduino. So it automates the process of
switching and maintenance of power grids with ease using IoT.

I. Introduction:

Three dominant factors are impacting the future electric systems of the world; government policies,
efficiency need of the consumer, and the introduction of new intelligent computer and hardware
technologies. In addition, environmental concerns have created governmental policies around the world,
including at the federal and state levels, which are driving the entire energy system to efficiency,
conservation, and renewable sources of electricity. These factors are the main drivers that are expanding
the use of all sorts of new renewable energy and storage technologies on the one hand and new energy
efficiency and conservation techniques on the other. At present, energy grids are not optimized. Often
when the electricity grid of a given region fails, the entire area suffers a blackout. This usually hinders
the daily activities of people. This is one of the best IoT project ideas which proposes a solution to
rectify this issue by creating a smart electricity grid. This IoT-based smart energy grid uses an ATmega
microcontroller to monitor and control the system activities. It uses WiFi technology to communicate
over the Internet via the IOT interface. This smart grid’s primary task is to facilitate the transmission
line’s re-connection to an active grid in case a particular grid fails. So, if an energy grid becomes faulty,
the system will switch to the transmission lines of another energy grid, thus, maintaining an
uninterrupted electricity supply to the specific region whose energy grid failed. The system uses two
bulbs to indicate valid and invalid users. Registered personnel can log in to the IOT interface and view
updates on which grid is active and faulty.

Proposed System integrates various renewable sources with the help of Microcontroller and transmits
this energy and its parameter data are sent to Utility and User End via Internet of Things. It also switches
in between various energy resources according to its availability and economic load scheduling. This
project aims at designing and developing a Smart Grid System. Project mainly focuses on grid

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 monitoring and operations. This prototype includes automatic control over the grid, and manually when
needed (when automatic operation fails).

The system consists of four parts:

1. Generation Unit: Wind turbine, Solar Panels.

2. Controlling Unit: Microcontroller.
3. Transmission Unit: DC to AC Converter (Inverter).
4. Utilization Unit: Houses and Street.

II. Literature Survey:

The traditional power system is being transformed into an intelligent, secure, efficient, and reliable SG.
There are different information flow networks in the SG domain; Home Area Network (HAN),
Neighborhood Area Network (NAN) and a Wide Area Network (WAN). SG modernizes the generation,
distribution, and consumption sections of the power system with power and information flows. An
overview of SG architecture presents the main subsystems and networks in SG . SG provides various
features such as advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), load balancing, and fault detection and control.
One of the key concerns in SG is the connectivity of devices that needs monitoring and analysis. IoT is a
technology that provides this automation in the SG paradigm. The integration of IoT devices in SG
(such as sensors and smart meters), various functions related to connectivity and automation aspects can
be effectively provided throughout the power system. SG devoid of the IoT technology is not possible.
There are different forums addressing the SG and IoT integration including special issues on Smart Grid
Internet of Things. Several attempts have been done to cover the IoT aided SGs. A general vision of SG
is provided in referred papers. A vision of SG in the paradigm of IoT is presented by Al-Ali and
Aburukba with a focus on the SG communication layer. In the authors provided a detailed survey on
AMI and smart metering to address the problems of power quality and reliability in the conventional
grid. However, the authors did not cover other key features of IoT aided SGs such as architectures and
applications. In the domain of smart cities, IoT plays a dominant role and sensors will enable the
management and control of the cities. Smart metering deployment in the power system involves various
challenges. The benefits and challenges due to the deployment of smart meters are presented . An
overview of SG technologies such as IoT, smart metering, and Energy Management System (EMS) is
provided. The monitoring, control, and analyzing the data are the primary tasks in the SG. Billions of
monitoring devices are installed at power generation plants, distributions centers, transmission towers,
and consumer premises. At the distribution level of the SG, monitoring of electrical parameters like
voltage, current, active power, power factor etc has a crucial role in improving grid efficiency.
Moreover, reliable communication infrastructure is required to send received information to the
consumer gadget or utility company. A WSN based power monitoring for a single-phase electric system
is developed. The authors have used power sensing and communication modules to send load
consumption data at periodic intervals to the utility. Furthermore, a power theft algorithm is proposed

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 that can help utility companies to detect power theft. However, the developed system is costly and not
suitable for implementation on a large scale. There are different types of devices that are used in the SG
system for monitoring, analysis, and control purposes. The next section provides an implementation of
IoT assisted mo.

III. Problem Definition:

Smart grid (SG) is emerging as a new facet of power industry. It incorporates numerous advanced
technologies to deal issues prevailing with conventional electric networks. Though capable to resolve
many of these issues, SG is still facing challenges in deployment. In such situation, it is primarily
essential to identify and discuss the barriers to overcome deployment concerns, including user
requirements. In this project, such major challenges and issues for SG implementation shall be solved.

IV. Methodology:

A. System Overview
The proposed system consists of monitoring, communication and analysis units. The monitoring setup
comprises of current sensors and voltage sensing circuit connected to consumer loads. The
communication unit consists of Arduino and WiFi module. The analysis unit is a remote application on
consumer mobile that can be access to obtain voltage and currents, load profiles, energy consumption,
etc.

B. System Design
The block diagram of an IoT based power monitoring system, WiFi based node is deployed that consists
of a consumer’s load, voltage and current sensors, Arduino UNO, and a WiFi (ESP-8266)
communication module. The Arduino is interfaced with sensors to gather load data and saves it in
internal memory. WiFi fetches load data from Arduino through a UART interface and communicates the
load data with the server. WiFi module acts as a gateway between the monitoring side and the
webserver.

The system consists of four parts:

1. Generation Unit: Source 1 and Source 2..

2. Controlling Unit: Arduino Microcontroller.
3. Transmission Unit: DC to AC Converter (Inverter).
4. Utilization Unit: Houses and Street(Visual Repreesentation).

Generation unit generates power with renewable energy resources (Source1 and Source 2). Generated
power goes to Utilization Unit (Local and Main Grid). Controlling unit is Preprogrammed Embedded
Microcontroller that monitors and controls the grid. It measures power generation through various

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 Generating Units and performs automatic switching operations according to optimum electricity
generation. Microcontroller decides number of generating units have to work simultaneously to deliver
the power requirement of the grid. Microcontroller sends command to charges battery when Main Grid
burden is low. It also interfaces communication devices such as Wi-Fi to provide monitoring and control
facility. Charged Storage Systems helps to resupply the stored energy to the Local and Main Grid.
Transmission Unit is a part of Main Grid that supplies electricity tp the utilization unit.

Various desired characteristics are achieved by using Smart Grid with the use of Internet of Things
(IOT):

a) All sensor’s data are posted on IOT cloud through Web Server.
b) After reading all the sensor‘s data, user either manually decides or it automatically to which part of
the grid is to be under control.
c) Control parameters like Utility Power flow, Overall DC control and Power Supply control of both two
bulbs named 1 and 2.
d) Data like DC grid voltage, current drawn from the storage and Power flow in watts are displayed on
user interfaces like web and mobile.
e) The status tags like connection status, utility incoming status, and Source 1 and Source 2 power,
battery status i.e. charging / discharging are also displayed on user interface.

V. Applications:

 Grid Switching assures an uninterrupted power supply to the following.

Hospitals
Medical storages
Automated industry
Smart Cities
Aerospace Comm. Stations
Research Facilities
 Remote Power Monitering
 Theft Detection

References

1. X. Fang, S. Misra, G. Xue and D. Yang, "Smart grid—The new and improved power grid: A
survey", IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts., vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 944-980, 4th Quart. 2012.

2. O. Ellabban and H. Abu-Rub, "Smart grid customers’ acceptance and engagement: An

overview", Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 65, pp. 1285-1298, Nov. 2016.

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3. C. Fan, F. Xiao and Y. Zhao, "A short-term building cooling load prediction method using deep
learning algorithms", Appl. Energy, vol. 195, pp. 222-233, Jun. 2017.

4. T. Abergel, B. Dean and J. Dulac, "UN environment and international energy agency (2017):
Towards a zero-emission efficient and resilient buildings and construction sector", 2017.

5. M. Alaa, A. A. Zaidan, B. B. Zaidan, M. Talal and M. L. M. Kiah, "A review of smart home
applications based on Internet of Things", J. Netw. Comput. Appl., vol. 97, pp. 48-65, Nov. 2017.

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