Low Cost Iot Based Mini Inverter: (Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal)

e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:03/Issue:07/July-2021 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com
LOW COST IOT BASED MINI INVERTER

Karanveer Singh 1, Poonam Kumari* 2
1 M-Tech(Instrumentation), UCIM, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
2 Assistant Professor, UCIM, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
ABSTRACT
Despite making remarkable progress in electricity distribution over the years, India still faces challenges in
meeting its growing demand for power, and reliable supply still remains low in the country. So here we are
going to present a model of an Internet of Things based smart mini inverter. Our design consists of two main
sections namely Core unit and second Control unit. The core unit comprises the charging, storage and
invertersection where as control unit is designed using Arduino and GSM. Here we used SIM900A GSM module
that is interfaced with Arduino Uno (R3).
KEYWORDS: Internet of Things, Arduino, inverter, transistor, GSM
I. INTRODUCTION
With the advancement due to industrial revolution, power has become the most fundamental element required
to fuel an economy. Every aspect of society, including industries, houses, and the government itself, is
significantly reliant on power to function properly. However, as the population grows, so does the demand for
electricity. The power houses have enormous amount of power but still are not capable to meet the needs of the
masses due to unorganized distribution system. Therefore it is extremely important to focus on the concept of
energy storage and utilization in an efficient and smart manner with low cost investment.
The Internet of Things, or IoT, is a term that describes the billions of physical items that are now connected to
the internet which collect and share data among themselves. It's now feasible to turn everything, from a pill to a
jet, into a part of the Internet of Things, thanks to the advent of super-cheap computer chips and the
widespread availability of wireless networks. Connecting various devices and sensors leads to advanced level
of digital intelligence to devices that otherwise would be dumb, which helps them to communicate real-time
data without human intervention.
The Internet of Things is the concept of linking any gadget to the Internet and other networking devices. The
Internet of Things (IoT) is a massive network of interconnected things and people that all collect and share data
on how they are utilized and about the surroundings around them.[1]
In the control component of this energy-saving device project, Arduino is employed. Arduino is an open-source
hardware and software company, initiative, and user community that creates single-board microcontrollers
and microcontroller kits for creating digital devices. Its hardware products are available under the Creative
Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC-BY-SA) licence, and its software is released under the GNU Lesser
General Public License (LGPL) or the GNU General Public License (GPL), allowing anybody to make Arduino
boards and distribute software. Commercial Arduino boards are available through the official website or
approved resellers.[2]
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
Electricity being the basis necessity of modern world could be stored to some extent, which could be used in
case of power failure. Electricity could be saved in the form of Direct Current in batteries. Device used for this
purpose, known as Inverter, is available at higher cost which each and every person cannot afford.
Taking in consideration the limitations of current systems like high cost, bulkiness of the system for high
energy storage, unavailability of switching of the storage devices in case of power failure etc. from the literature
review, we formulated a design that can store electricity with some advanced features i.e., using Internet of
Things. This design not only increases the efficiency but also provide ease of the operation with controlling the
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Table 1.: Papers Studied
S No Title Author Technology Used
1 DC–AC inverters[3] D.Z. Gao et.al Electromagnetic Induction
The Internet of Things (IoT):
2 Applications, investments, and I.Lee and K. Lee IoT
challenges for enterprises[4]
Automated IOT based system for
home automation and prediction of
3 electricity usage and comparative A.Chaudhari et.al Internet Of Things
analysis of various electricity
providers: SmartPlug[5]
IOT Based Smart Inverter Using
4 M. A. Joshi IoT and Raspberry Pie
Raspberry PI[6]
5 An IOT Based Smart Inverter[7] A. Kumar et. al EMI, Arduino and GSM
Smart Automation Based On IoT And
6 F. Masi et. al IoT, GS and GPRS
GSM Module[8]
whole circuit using mobile phone. Another benefit of this design is that its cost is comparatively very low and
those with low income can also afford this device.
III. METHODOLOGY
The system used for the Project is composed of various delicate and intelligent components. Every component
used in the system performs a specific function and contributes to make a complete system. It consists of
hardware and software framework. Arduino is used for controlling and performing intelligent work according
to the programming.
Figure-1: Block Diagram of Model

To store the electric energy in the battery, 12V DC supply is required. It is obtained using step-down
transformer connected to full wave bridge rectifier in series. To maximize the efficiency and life of battery,
regulated voltage is supplied to it. The output from 12V battery is fed to the inverter section which mainly
consists of transistor that provides oscillations to the DC current and hence converts DC to AC. The output of
inverter section is controlled using a relay which is operated through Arduino. The Arduino in turn is interfaced
with GSM module. When the user will send a message to switch ON or OFF the circuit, GSM will signal the
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Arduino accordingly and hence Arduino will trigger the relay. In this way User can have full control over the
output of inverter from distant place.
IV. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
The design and development of this project are divided into two main parts which are hardware architecture
and software details. In the hardware architecture, the design of the circuit was constructed and the prototype
of the project was built. While in the software development, the whole complete prototype was operated via
programming codes.
a) Hardware Architecture
The hardware architecture in this model consists of Transformer, Diodes, Voltage regulator (LM 317), Relays,
LED, Potentiometer, Resistors, Capacitor, Battery, Transistors as Inverter, Arduino Uno R3, and GSM Module.
b) GSM Module
SIM900A GSM Module: The module supports communication in Quad-band 850/900/1800/1900MHz.It can
transmit Voice, SMS and data information with low power consumption. With tiny size of 17.6*15.7*2.3mm. it
can smoothly fit into slim and compact demands of customer design.[9] In India most of the mobile network
providers operate in the 900 MHz band. If we from another country, we have to check the mobile network band
in our area.
Figure-2: SIM 900A GSM Module.

c) Arduino Uno (R3)
For beginners the Uno is a fantastic choice. The ATmega328P microprocessor is used in this Arduino board. It is
relatively easy to use when compared to other types of Arduino boards, just like the Arduino Mega type board.
It has 14 digital I/O pins, six analogue inputs, a reset button, a power jack, a USB connection, and an In-Circuit
Serial Programming header (ICSP), according to authorized distributors. It comes with everything we need to
support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a PC with a USB cable and power it up with an AC-to-DC
adapter or battery. Arduino Uno is the most commonly used board and it is the standard as compared to the
existing Arduino Boards. This board very beneficial and easy for beginners.[10]
Figure-3: Arduino Uno (R3)

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d) Interfacing of GSM module with Arduino
To interface Simcom SIM900A and Arduino Uno we only need to make 3 connections between the gsm module
and Arduino.
Figure-4: Interfacing Of Arduino And GSM

Arduino and GSM module establish communication in serial. So serial pins of Arduino (Rx and Tx) are used for
the same. Tx pin of GSM module is connected to the Rx pin of Arduino and the pin Rx of GSM module to the Tx
pin of Arduino board.
GSM Tx –>Arduino Rx and
GSM Rx –>Arduino Tx.
Ground Arduino -> Ground GSM module.
The issue with this connection is that Arduino requires serial ports to load programmes from the Arduino IDE
when programming. The software will not be loaded successfully to Arduino if these pins are used in wiring. As
a result, each time you burn the program to Arduino, you must unplug the Rx and Tx wiring. You can reconnect
these pins once the application has loaded successfully.[11]
e) Transistor As Inverter
The circuit demonstrates the use of a transistor as an inverter. The output of an inverter is the opposite of its
input. When the input is logical 1, the output is logical 0.
The input is a push button switch, and the output is an LED light in this sample circuit. The LED is on when the
switch is open. The LED is turned off when the switch is closed. The PN2222A NPN transistor (a variation of the
2N2222A) is used in this transistor inverter, but many other NPN bipolar junction transistors could be used
instead.[12]
Figure-5: Transistor Circuit as Inverter

The inverter circuit presented here is almost identical to the transistor switch circuit with one critical
difference. In the transistor switch circuit, the output is taken at a voltage divider between the transistor and
ground. In the transistor inverter, the output is taken at a voltage divider between the transistor and the
positive voltage.
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The resistance at the collector-emitter junction is extremely high when the push button input is open. Because
the transistor is provided with a large resistance, the voltage at the output is high, and the LED is illuminated.
When the switch is closed, the resistance across the collector-emitter junction drops to negligible, and the
voltage at the output lowers to almost zero.
f) Circuit Diagram
Circuit diagram shows the connection and interfacing of Arduino UNO board with GSM module and relay in the
control unit. The core unit shows the connections between rectifier, step down transformer, voltage regulator,
transistor, and step up transformer.
Figure-6: Circuit diagram of complete model
Figure-7: Flow Chart Adopted to prepare the Prototype Hardware

Figure 9 below shows the actual picture of the prototype prepared.

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Figure-8: Prototype Prepared

V. SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
The software of the model is based upon our desire to turn on or off the relay module while interfacing both
Arduino and GSM.
a) Pseudocode For Arduino
1. Assign the relay on digital pin
2. Set transmitting and receiving pin to text mode
3. On receiving the desired characters in the text, the relay pin will go to 0 or 1 accordingly.
4. If 0 then the invertor will be turned off, else remains on and provides output power.
VI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This proposed model was tested by supplying 220 V AC supply. 220V AC was stepdown and rectified
successfully to 12 V DC. When this DC supply was provided to battery, it started charging. When battery was
charged to its maximum capacity, AC supply was disconnected. The circuit drew 12 V DC from the battery
output. The working of the inverter section was upto the mark as it converted 12 V DC to 220 V AC. To check
the overall output of the circuit, an LED bulb rated 220 V AC was connected and illuminated by the final output.
Figure-9: Inverter During AC Mains Failure

To test the IoT section, a message ‘$a0’ was sent to the registered SIM card number that was installed in GSM
module. As soon as the GSM received the command, it signaled Arduino that in turn operated the relay which
further shut down the inverter output. To again turn on the inverter, a message ‘$a1’ was sent and it reliably
switched on the inverter in real time.
To turn the circuit off, a message ‘$a0’ was sent to the registered SIM card number installed in the GSM module.
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Figure-10: Message For Turning Off The Circuit

As soon as the GSM received the turn off command, Arduino shut downs the system immediately
Figure-11: Model in TURN OFF Mode

To Again Turn ON The Inverter
To turn the circuit on, a message ‘$a1’ was sent to the registered SIM card number installed in the GSM module.
Figure:12 Message For Turning On The Circuit

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As soon as the GSM again received the turn ON command, Arduino Starts the system immediately.
Figure-13: Model in TURN ON Mode

VII. CONCLUSION
The proposed project is a low cost, intelligent and easy to install smart mini-inverter. With increasing
population size and needs of day-to-day life, electricity supply is often interrupted in household. To overcome
the shortage of electric supply, a smart, affordable and reliable system is the need of the hour to avoid or
minimize the shortcomings of our current electricity distribution system. The proposed design can reliably
meet the daily requirements of electricity in the areas that are more prone to failure of power supply on regular
basis. Moreover, this design facilitates the ON and OFF control of inverter from far-away places to avoid the
losses in case of longer stays away from the house or negligence due to hectic schedule of humans.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to give thanks to all members of the Department UCIM, Panjab University for the assistance
especially Assistant Professor Mrs. Poonam Kumari for her guidance on every step. She always helps me when I
had problem related to the project as well as studies.
VIII. REFERENCES
[1] J. Gubbi, R. Buyya, S. Marusic, and M. Palaniswami, “Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural
elements, and future directions,” Futur. Gener. Comput. Syst., vol. 29, no. 7, pp. 1645–1660, Sep. 2013,
doi: 10.1016/j.future.2013.01.010.
[2] S. F. Barrett, “Arduino Microcontroller: Processing for Everyone! Part II,” Synth. Lect. Digit. Circuits
Syst., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1–244, Jan. 2010, doi: 10.2200/s00283ed1v01y201005dcs029.
[3] D. Z. Gao and K. Sun, “DC-AC inverters,” in Electric Renewable Energy Systems, Elsevier Inc., 2016, pp.
354–381.
[4] I. Lee and K. Lee, “The Internet of Things (IoT): Applications, investments, and challenges for
enterprises,” Bus. Horiz., vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 431–440, Jul. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.bushor.2015.03.008.
[5] A. Chaudhari, B. Rodrigues, and S. More, “Automated IOT based system for home automation and
prediction of electricity usage and comparative analysis of various electricity providers: SmartPlug,” in
Proceedings of the 2016 2nd International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Informatics,
IC3I 2016, 2016, pp. 390–392, doi: 10.1109/IC3I.2016.7917995.
[6] M. A. Joshi, “IOT Based Smart Inverter Using Raspberry PI,” 2017. Accessed: Jul. 01, 2021. [Online].
Available: www.ijltemas.in.
[7] A. Kumar, A. A. Bijapur, B. Charitha, K. R. Kulkarni, and K. Natarajan, “An IOT based smart inverter,” in
2016 IEEE
[8] International Conference on Recent Trends in Electronics, Information and Communication
Technology, RTEICT 2016 - Proceedings, Jan. 2017, pp. 1976–1980, doi:
10.1109/RTEICT.2016.7808182.
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[9] F. Masi, P. Kamiyabhusain, and K. A. Masi, “Smart automation based on IoT and GSM module,” vol. 1, no.
February, pp. 0–6, 2019.
[10] M. Rahnema, “Overview Of The GSM System and Protocol Architecture,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 31,
no. 4, pp. 92–100, 1993, doi: 10.1109/35.210402.
[11] T. Pan and Y. Zhu, “Getting Started with Arduino,” in Designing Embedded Systems with Arduino,
Springer Singapore, 2018, pp. 3–16.
[12] “Interface GSM Module to Arduino - Send and Receive SMS.” http://www.circuitstoday.com/interface-
gsm-module-with-arduino (accessed Jun. 07, 2021).
[13] Apichet Garaipoom“How to make simple inverter circuit diagram" e-article
”https://www.eleccircuit.com/simple-transistor-inverter-circuit-diagram/ (accessed Jun. 07, 2021)

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e-ISSN: 2582-5208

International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

LOW COST IOT BASED MINI INVERTER

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Figure-1: Block Diagram of Model

Figure-2: SIM 900A GSM Module.

Figure-3: Arduino Uno (R3)

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Figure-4: Interfacing Of Arduino And GSM

Figure-5: Transistor Circuit as Inverter

Figure-6: Circuit diagram of complete model

Figure-7: Flow Chart Adopted to prepare the Prototype Hardware

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Figure-8: Prototype Prepared

Figure-9: Inverter During AC Mains Failure

Figure-10: Message For Turning Off The Circuit

Figure-11: Model in TURN OFF Mode

Figure:12 Message For Turning On The Circuit

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Figure-13: Model in TURN ON Mode

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