Literature Review:

The wireless meter reading system described in this study can monitor and analyze data at
regular intervals, producing precise findings with fewer errors. Installing the suggested system is
made considerably simpler by its affordability and compactness. The outcome is uploaded on a
regular basis to a cloud platform and both suppliers and producers as well as consumers and
customers can monitor it. The following are some benefits of this smart system:
• Energy conservation.
• Significant time and energy savings in the electricity sector.
• Control of the energy meter automatically.
• To encourage consumers to monitor their energy use; • To identify power theft.
• Depending on the Internet speed and module baud rate, the system occasionally requires a long
time to upload data.
Reference:
N. Langhammer and R. Kays, “Performance Evaluation of Wireless Home Automation
Networks in Indoor Scenarios”, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 3, pp. 2252-226, 2012

The creation of smart grids is still in its early phases, and it is an expensive process that calls for
the use of techniques that guarantee lower operational costs. One of the potential answers is the
use of IoT apps throughout the whole life cycle of the SG.According to the author, it is
worthwhile to use direct current in smart buildings and low-smart distribution grids. The amount
of AC/DC and DC/AC transitions will be reduced as a result. The following expectations toward
the Smart Grid (SG), which are representative of its essential qualities, are necessary for the
implementation of this policy.
 It is resistant to both physical and digital threats.
 It offers high-quality power that satisfies the demands of the twenty-first century.
 It supports all available generation and storage methods.
 It makes new goods, services, and markets possible.
Reference:
Balasubramanian K.: Building Blocks for the Internet of Things. Intel.com/embedded-Innovator
9th Edition, 2014, 4-8.
Many of the world's power grid infrastructures are very old and have a number of issues, such as
short circuits, voltage and current oscillations, losses, low efficiency, blackouts, and the inability
to supply consumers with the safe, dependable, clean, and affordable electricity they need. The
smart grid, on the other hand, is an evolutionary process that cannot be developed overnight. It
offers numerous advantages to all stakeholders, including financial institutions, businesses
engaged in manufacturing and research and development, consumers, energy utilities,
environmental protection groups, governing bodies, and independent system operators.
Therefore, transforming the conventional grid to a smart grid creates new business opportunities,
increases productivity, reduces losses, offers consumers variable pricing, secure and sustainable
electricity, and creates a solid and digitalized infrastructure.
Reference:
. Colak “Introduction to Smart Grid”, 3rd International Smart Grid Workshop and Certificate
Program (ISGWCP), Pages: 30-34, Istanbul, Turkey, MAR 21-25, 2016.

In order to comprehend the goal of smart grid technology, a review of smart grid terminologies
has been conducted in this study. Demand side management and load forecasting aid in
predicting future load and system operation. We have seen that the smart grid is a developing
technology with a number of uses for improving electricity. To learn more about the smart grid
and its components, including demand side management, smart meters, and demand response, a
large number of publications have been studied. In order to overcome the limitations of
traditional grid, this study emphasizes the capabilities of smart grid technology.
Reference:
International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878,
Volume-7, Issue-6S4, April 2019
Author: Akhil Nigam, Inderpreet Kaur, Kamal Kant Sharma

Research on the cyber security of the smart grid mainly concentrates on the various parts of the
electrical power system. Process Control Systems (PCS) security research predates the Smart
Grid. The new Smart Grid components and their interplay have been the subject of recent
research.4 User privacy, Smart Meters, electrical power system state estimation, component
communications, and cyber threat analysis have all been the subject of Smart Grid security
research. Over the years, Process Control Systems (PCS) has been utilized by a wide range of
sectors. A PCS is an automated system that uses computers to monitor and manage a process.
PCSs are often operated as isolated systems with few or no connections to external networks.
Reference:
NETL, The NETL Modern Grid Initiative Powering our 21st-Century Economy: MODERN GRID
BENEFITS. Department of Energy, 2007.

Selection of design:
Quantitative Data:

Our member survey and research smart grid project which is iot base. We try to make pie chart
by survey and reasearch. Iot based smart grid project need Computer science, Energy,
Mathematics, Materials science, Social science, Chemistry, Others, Engineering. We can see that
in this project computer science are involved 24.6%. 19.3% energy sector are used for smart grid
system. Enviromental science, Mathematics, Materials science are contributing as a
8.8%,7%,6.1%. we can see that 2.6% accounting need to make this project. Engineering sector
are also involved with this project. It is 28%. This is massive percentage for this smart grid
system project. One of the key themes in the development of the global energy industry is the
development of smart grids. Utilizing fundamentally new approaches to energy and integrating
them into a comprehensive, interconnected, and independent infrastructure enables us to
maximize the potential of the energy system, put the distributed energy generation principle into
practice, and boost network load balancing effectiveness. Additionally, incorporating smart
technologies into the electrical infrastructure enables it to better serve consumer needs.
We make bar chart by analysis some site and paper which is told that smart grid uses are
increasing day by day. In 2010, smart grid project has less than 10%. But our survey told that
this project is grow more. Every normal grid are changed to smart grid. In 2015 to 2020, our
smart grid system are increasing rapidly. So, we can predict that next 10 years smart grid system
are rising more and more. Using smart grids offers a variety of exciting challenges for managing,
monitoring, controlling, securing and easier, faster and optimal, as was previously mentioned.
The following is a summary of the recommendations and significant issues for smart grids.By
delivering higher-quality services and power, Supporting distributed generation systems,
enabling flexible system design, achieving simple operation and control, managing power
disturbance events that require self-healing, reducing the negative environmental effects of the
electrical chain, allowing consumers to actively participate in demand response, operating
resiliently against physical and digital attack, enabling new products, services, and markets, and
efficiently optimizing assets and operations.
Reference:
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(2020)
2. Yu. Harust, V. Melnyk. Marketing and Management of Innovations, 4, 373-382 (2019).
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234, 00012 (2021)
4. V. Levchenko, A. Boyko, T. Savchenko, V. Bozhenko, Yu. Humenna, R. Pilin, Marketing and
Management of Innovations, 4, 364-372 (2019)
5. V. Pavlyk. SocioEconomic Challenges, 4 (1), 122-128 (2020)
6. S. Kolosok, I. Myroshnychenko, H. Mishenina, I. Yarova, E3S Web of Conferences, 234, 00021
(2021)