Q1 (a)

y(t) = sin(x(t))

y(t) is memoryless because the output of the system at any time t depends on the present input.

Q1 (b)
y(t) = sin(x(t))

For positive t, y(t) = sin(x(t)). At t > 0, y(t) depends on the input value of the present.
For negative t, y(-t) = sin(x(-t)) = -sin(x(t)). At t < 0, y(-t) depends on the input value of the present.
The system is causal.

Q1 (c)
y(t) = sin(x(t))

Define the input signal x1 (t) whose response y1 (t) is given by:
y1 (t) = sin(x1 (t))

Define another input signal x2 (t) whose response y2 (t) is given by:
y2 (t) = sin(x2 (t))

The two defined signals are related by:

x3 (t) = ax1 (t) + bx2 (t) where a and b are constant coefficient

Output y3 (t) is defined as:

y3 (t) = sin(x3 (t))
y3 (t) =sin[ax1 (t) + bx2 (t)]
y3 (t) ≠ ay1 (t) + by2 (t)
The system is non-linear.

Q1 (d)
y(t) = sin(x(t))

Assume the signal of the form:

y1 (t) = sin(x1 (t)) (1)

Introduce time delay t0 in the input of equation (1):

sin(x2 (t)) = sin(x1 (t - t0 ))

The delay in the input produces an output:

y2 (t) = sin(x2 (t)) = sin(x1 (t - t0 )) (2)

Introduce time delay t0 in the output of equation (1):

y1 (t - t0 ) = sin(x1 (t - t0 )) (3)

On comparing equations (2) and (3):

1
 y2 (t) = y1 (t - t0 )

The system is time-invariant.

Q1 (e)
y(t) = sin(x(t))

|x(t)| ≤ B1  |y(t)| ≤ B2

where B1 and B2 are finite constants and y(t) is the output. If the input is bounded, then the output is
also bounded. The system is stable.

Q2 (a) y(t) = ea|t|

a > 0, y(t) goes to ∞ (divergence). The system is unstable.
a < 0, y(t) goes to 0 (convergence). The system is stable.

Q2 (b) y(t) = e-t u(t)

y(t) goes to 0 (convergence). The system is stable.

Q2 (c) y(t) = e2t u(t+4)

y(t) goes to ∞ (divergence). The system is unstable.

2
Q2 (d)
y(t) = x(4t)

|x(4t)| ≤ B1  |y(t)| ≤ B2

where B1 and B2 are finite constants and y(t) is the output. If the input is bounded, then the output is
also bounded. The system is stable.

y(t) = x(4t)

Assume the signal of the form:

y1 (t) = x1 (4t) (1)

Introduce time delay t0 in the input of equation (1):

x2 (4t) = x1 (4(t - t0 ))

The delay in the input produces an output:

y2 (t) = x2 (4t) = x1 (4t - 4t0 ) (2)

Introduce time delay t0 in the output of equation (1):

y1 (t - t0 ) = x1 (4t - t0 ) (3)

On comparing equations (2) and (3):

y2 (t) ≠ y1 (t - t0 )

The system is time-variant.

y(t) = x(4t)

Define the input signal x1 (t) whose response y1 (t) is given by:
y1 (t) = x1 (4t)

Define another input signal x2 (t) whose response y2 (t) is given by:
y2 (t) = x2 (4t)

The two defined signals are related by:

x3 (t) = ax1 (t) + bx2 (t) where a and b are constant coefficient

Output y3 (t) is defined as:

y3 (t) = x3 (4t)
y3 (t) = ax1 (4t) + bx2 (4t)
y3 (t) = ay1 (t) + by2 (t)

The system is linear.

3
Q2 (e)
y(t) = x(t)sin(t)

|x(t)| ≤ B1  |y(t)| ≤ B2

where B1 and B2 are finite constants and y(t) is the output. If the input is bounded, then the output is
also bounded. The system is stable.

y(t) = x(t)sin(t)

Assume the signal of the form:

y1 (t) = x1 (t)sin(t) (1)

Introduce time delay t0 in the input of equation (1):

sin(x2 (t)) = x1 (t - t0 )sin(t)

The delay in the input produces an output:

y2 (t) = sin(x2 (t)) = x1 (t - t0 )sin(t) (2)

Introduce time delay t0 in the output of equation (1):

y1 (t - t0 ) = x1 (t - t0 )sin((t - t0 )) (3)

On comparing equations (2) and (3):

y2 (t) ≠ y1 (t - t0 )

The system is time-variant.

y(t) = x(t)sin(t)

Define the input signal x1 (t) whose response y1 (t) is given by:
y1 (t) = x1 (t)sin(t)

Define another input signal x2 (t) whose response y2 (t) is given by:
y2 (t) = x2 (t)sin(t)

The two defined signals are related by:

x3 (t) = ax1 (t) + bx2 (t) where a and b are constant coefficient

Output y3 (t) is defined as:

y3 (t) = x3 (t)sin(t)
y3 (t) = (ax1 (t) + bx2 (t))sin(t)
y3 (t) = ax1 (t)sin(t) + bx2 (t)sin(t)
y3 (t) = ay1 (t) + by2 (t)

The system is linear.