VS5ICM M02 VirtualizationIntro PDF

Introduction to Virtualization
Module 2
© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved

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Course Introduction Data Protection
Introduction to Virtualization Access & Authentication Control
Virtual Machines Resource Management and Monitoring
VMware vCenter Server High Availability
Configure and Manage Virtual Networks Scalability
Configure and Manage Virtual Storage Patch Management
Managing Virtual Machines Installing vSphere Components
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A 2-2

Importance
VMware vSphere® is based on many components that a vSphere

administrator should be familiar with. This module describes the basic
concept of virtualization, introduces VMware® ESXi™ and the virtual
machine. This module then shows you the fundamental components of
vSphere and how vSphere can be used in your datacenter.

Module Lessons
Lesson 1: Introduction to Virtualization

Lesson 2: VMware vSphere User Interfaces
Lesson 3: Overview of ESXi

Lesson 1:
Introduction to Virtualization

Learner Objectives
After this lesson, you should be able to do the following:

 Compare and contrast physical and virtual architectures.
 Define a virtual machine.
 Describe the benefits of using virtual machines.
 Describe how the VMware vSphere interacts with CPUs, memory,
networks, and disks.
 Identify the files that comprise a virtual machine.
 Describe ESXi architecture.

Physical Infrastructure
applications
operating system
physical host
Fibre
Ethernet
Channel
iSCSI NFS Network Fibre Channel

storage storage storage

Virtual Infrastructure
virtual
machines
hypervisor
ESXi host
Fibre
Ethernet Channel
iSCSI NFS Network Fibre Channel

storage storage storage

Physical and Virtual Architecture
physical architecture virtual architecture
application
operating system VMware vSphere
x86 architecture x86 architecture

Why Use Virtual Machines?
Physical machine Virtual machine

Difficult to move or copy Easy to move and copy:
Bound to a specific set of  Encapsulated into files

hardware components  Independent of physical hardware
Often has a short lifecycle Easy to manage:
Requires personal contact  Isolated from other virtual machines
to upgrade hardware
 Insulated from hardware changes
Provides the ability to support

legacy applications
Allows servers to be consolidated

Resource Sharing
VMware vSphere
x86 architecture

CPU Virtualization
application

Physical and Virtualized Host Memory Usage
application
1GB 2GB 8GB

Physical and Virtual Networking
application
operating system
virtual switch
x86 architecture
VMware vSphere
x86 architecture

Physical File Systems and VMware vSphere VMFS
application
operating system VMware vSphere VMware vSphere
x86 architecture x86 architecture x86 architecture
NTFS,
ext3, UFS VMFS

Encapsulation
VM 1
VM 2
VM 3
datastore
(VMFS or NFS)

File System Layouts
Windows VMFS
/
C: D: E:
vmfs
Linux/Unix
Local SAN
/
VM 1 VM 3
VM 2 VM 4
etc usr opt

Virtual Machine Files
 Configuration file
 Swap files
VM  BIOS file
Folder
 Log files
 Virtual disk files

How vSphere Fits into Cloud Computing
 Installing vSphere 5
creates a virtual Private Public
infrastructure cloud cloud
 Your VMs run in this
virtual infrastructure
 VMware vCloud®
Director™ enables you
to create a cloud
 Third party companies
host private clouds
 VMware clouds
empower you to run your
virtual machines in a
private or public cloud to
fit your business needs

Review of Learner Objectives
You should be able to do the following:

 Compare and contrast physical and virtual architectures.
 Define a virtual machine.
 Describe the benefits of using virtual machines.
 Describe how the VMware vSphere interacts with CPUs, memory,
networks, and disks.
 Identify the files that comprise a virtual machine.

Lesson 2:
VMware vSphere User Interfaces

Learner Objectives

 Download and install the VMware vSphere Client™.
 Use the vSphere Client remotely connect to an ESXi host.
 View or configure ESXi settings:
• Processor and memory configuration
• ESXi system logs
• Licensed Features
 Manage ESXi from the Command Prompt.

User Interfaces
ESXi
vSphere Client host
vCenter
Server
Your Web Client

desktop

Downloading the vSphere Client
vSphere Client is an
interface used to connect
remotely to VMware
vCenter Server™ from a Point to the
Windows system. vCenter Server or
ESXi host.
You can download the
vSphere Client in two
ways :
 Use the VMware
Infrastructure™
Management Installer.
 Download the client
from the vCenter Server
system or an ESXi host. Download the vSphere
Client to a supported
Windows system.

Using the vSphere Client
The vSphere Client is an

interface used to remotely
connect to an ESXi host
or a vCenter Server from a
Windows PC.
On the vSphere Client
login screen, enter:
 Host name or IP
address of ESXi host or
vCenter Server
 User name
 Password for that user
(Optional) Use your
Windows session
credentials.

vSphere Client: Configuration Tab

Viewing Processor and Memory Configuration

Viewing ESXi System Logs
Use the vSphere

Client to view logs.
Export system
logs to an archive
file.
 Send to VMware
Support.

Viewing Licensed Features
Before purchasing
licenses, you can install
ESXi in evaluation
mode:
 Intended for
demonstration and
evaluation purposes
 Allows software to be
completely operational
immediately after
installation
 Does not require any
licensing configuration
 Provides full
functionality for 60
days

Managing ESXi from the Command Prompt
To perform management tasks from a remote command prompt,

use:
 VMware vSphere Command-Line Interface (vCLI):
• Set of commands run from a remote Linux or Windows system and
executed on an ESXi host
• Packaged as an application
 VMware vSphere Management Assistant (vMA):
• Platform for running a variety of toolkits:
- vCLI
- vSphere SDK for Perl
- vSphere API
• Packaged as a virtual appliance based on Linux
 VMware vSphere PowerCLI:
• Automation tool for administering a vSphere environment
• Distributed as a snap-in to Windows PowerShell

Lab 1
In this lab, you will install and use vSphere Client and the vSphere
Web Client application.
1. Access your student desktop system
2. Install vSphere Client
3. Install the vSphere Web Client application


 Download and install the VMware vSphere Client.
 Use the vSphere Client remotely connect to an ESXi host.
 View or configure ESXi settings:
• ESXi system logs
• Licensed Features
 Manage ESXi from the Command prompt.

Lesson 3:
Overview of ESXi

Learner Objectives

 Configure ESXi settings:
• Networking
• Licensing
• NTP client
• DNS and routing
• Security profile
 Identify user account best practices.

VMware ESXi
 Available for purchase with vSphere 5 or a free version can be

downloaded
 High-security
• Memory Hardening
• Kernel Module Integrity
• Trusted Platform Module
 Small disk footprint
 Can be installed on hard disks, SAN LUNs, USB devices, SD cards, or
directly into memory

ESXi Architecture

Configuring ESXi
The Direct Console User Interface (DCUI) is similar to the BIOS

of a computer with a keyboard-only user interface.

Configuring ESXi: root Access
The DCUI allows an administrator to:

 Set a root password (complex passwords only)
 Enable or disable lockdown mode (to prevent user access to host as
root)

Configuring ESXi: Management Network
The DCUI allows you to modify network settings:

 Host name
 IP configuration (IP address, subnet mask, default gateway)
 DNS servers

Configuring ESXi: Other Settings
The DCUI allows an administrator to:

 Configure keyboard layout
 View support information
 View system logs
 Enable troubleshooting services, when required

ESXi as an NTP Client
Network Time Protocol (NTP) is

a client-server protocol used to
synchronize a computer’s clock NTP
to a time reference. server NTP
NTP server
NTP is important:
server
 For accurate performance
graphs
 For accurate time stamps in
log messages
 So that virtual machines have
a source to synchronize with
An ESXi host can be configured NTP
as an NTP client. client
 It can synchronize time with an ESXi
NTP server on the Internet or host
your corporate NTP server.

Network Settings: DNS and Routing
The DNS and Routing

link allows you to
change:
 Host name and
domain
 DNS server
addresses and
search domains
 Default VMkernel
gateway

Remote Access Settings: Security Profile
On ESXi hosts:
 Remote clients are prevented from accessing services on the host.
 Local clients are prevented from accessing services on remote
hosts.
 Unless configured otherwise, daemons will start and stop with the
ESXi host:
• For example, DCUI or NTP

ESXi User Account Best Practices
You should implement the following user account best

practices:
 Strictly control root privileges to the ESXi host.
 Use the vSphere Client to manage the ESXi host.
 Ideally, use vCenter Server – and thus vCenter Server user
accounts – to manage hosts.

Lab 2
In this lab, you will configure the ESXi host.

1. Connect to an ESXi host with the vSphere Client.
2. View host hardware configuration.
3. Configure DNS and routing information for an ESXi host.
4. Configure the ESXi host as an NTP client.


 Use the vSphere Client to access an ESXi host.
 View ESXi settings:
• Licensing
• NTP client
• DNS and routing
• Security profile
 Identify user account best practices.

Key Points
 Using virtual machines solves many datacenter problems.

 Virtual machines are hardware independent.
 Virtual machines share the physical resources of the ESXi host on
which they reside.
 A virtual machine is a set of files that are easy transfer and backup.
 Virtual machine files are encapsulated into a folder and placed on a
datastore.
 ESXi runs directly on the host.
 VMware vSphere abstracts CPU, memory, storage, and networking for
virtual machine use.
Questions?

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Introduction to Virtualization

© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved

Course Introduction Data Protection

Introduction to Virtualization Access & Authentication Control

Virtual Machines Resource Management and Monitoring

VMware vCenter Server High Availability

Configure and Manage Virtual Networks Scalability

Configure and Manage Virtual Storage Patch Management

Managing Virtual Machines Installing vSphere Components

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A 2-2

© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved

VMware vSphere® is based on many components that a vSphere

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A 2-3

© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved

Lesson 1: Introduction to Virtualization

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A 2-4

© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A 2-5

© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved

After this lesson, you should be able to do the following:

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A 2-6

© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved

iSCSI NFS Network Fibre Channel

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A 2-7

© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved

iSCSI NFS Network Fibre Channel

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A 2-8

© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved

physical architecture virtual architecture

operating system VMware vSphere

x86 architecture x86 architecture

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A 2-9

© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved

Physical machine Virtual machine

Bound to a specific set of  Encapsulated into files

Provides the ability to support

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A 2-10

© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A 2-11

© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved

physical architecture virtual architecture

operating system VMware vSphere

x86 architecture x86 architecture

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A 2-12

© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved

physical architecture virtual architecture

operating system VMware vSphere

x86 architecture x86 architecture

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A 2-13

© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved

physical architecture virtual architecture

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A 2-14

© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved

physical architecture virtual architecture

operating system VMware vSphere VMware vSphere

x86 architecture x86 architecture x86 architecture

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A 2-15

© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A 2-16

© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved

etc usr opt

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage – Revision A 2-17

© 2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved