Detailed design

I will continue with the detail design for this digester. As I mention before the operating pressure
and temperature at 1bar and 55 respectively. The layout for this digester are vertical and I choose
the design for the top and bottom head is 2:1 ellipsoidal head as it the most economic in the aspects
of fabrication and construction costs. For the shell part I choose cylindrical type as it is the most
common type using to design digester in the industry. This working volume of this digester at
2325.04 m3 with a vessel internal diameter 11.40m. I take the ratio 1:2 for diameter to height and
we get the height for this digester 22.80m. I know some of you might question why this design is too
large in term of diameter and height. As I mention before the flowrate given already contribute a
huge number beside it required a long period of retention time so this design is acceptable when we
consider both of the factor. The shell height is at 17.09m while the top and bottom head height at
2.85m. Beside the digester also equipped with cooling jacket is designed for controlling temperature
of its content by circulating cooling fluid which is water around it. Type 1 jacket which mean the
jacket of any length confined the cylindrical shell is choosen with a length of 5m. Other than that this
digester also have an agitation process inside it to increase the efficiency of biogas production. I
choose 4 turbine with 45 angle of pitched blade due to suitable for slurry liquid. An addition of the
agitation process baffled is design inside the digester to promote a better flow of fluid inside it.

Mechanical design

For the mechanical design the material that I choose for the digester is SA 240 grade 304 stainless
steel type and the corrosion allowance for the design is set at 4mm. The main reason why SS is
chosen as type of the material because biogas produce have amount of H2S which is very corrosive.
As per calculation the min thickness for this vessel at 26mm. The MAWP vessel for this design at
1.7bar. It already pass the standard design pressure vessel requirement which is the MAWP part >
Pd > MAWP vessel. So the design is acceptable and safe to used. For the support system, I choose to
uses straight skirt as they do not impose concentrated loads on the vessel shell and particularly
suitable for tall column subject to wind loading. The skirt is welded to the outside of the vessel shell
with welded type double fillet. The skirt base ring for this design is double ring stiffened by gusset as
it is the most common used for large vessel. The length of skirt per calculated we get 2m with
thickness 32mm. In addition to pressure, pressure vessel is also subjected to other loads (major and
subsidiary loads). Hence, the pressure vessel must be designed to withstand the worst combination
loads without failure. The 5 source of combined loading that lead to primary stress consist of
internal and external pressure, wind load, weight load, earthquake and eccentric load being
calculated to determined the principle stress. The vessel wall thickness must be sufficient to ensure
the maximum stress intensity does NOT EXCEED design stress. For this design the max stress
intensity per calculated get 34.11 N/mm2 which is smaller than design stress which is 103.42
N/mm2. Beside a column design must be checked to ensure that the maximum value of the
resultant axial stress does NOT EXCEED the critical value at which buckling will occur. For this design
the compressive stress per calculated at 3.46 N/mm2 and it it smaller than critical buckiling stress at
45.36 N/mm2. So this design is consider safe due to the combined loading. The flanges for this
design is welding neck type from class 150. Welding neck is choosen because of the ease of
installation and durable connection compare to other.