Results

Reading data 1
N I II III IV
1 169 186 133 243
2 151 167 200 208
3 144 158 180 189
4 134 140 157 159
5 135 137 146 154
6 127 129 134 139
7 126 128 134 139
8 114 108 104 106
9 114 104 199 105
10 109 107 86 39
V(L) 1 1 1 1
T(S) 6.595 5.1 4.06 3.7

Results Analysis

Differential Piezome
Reading Volume(L) Time(s) Q (L/s)
I 15 6.595 2.274
II 15 5.1 2.941
Data
III 15 4.06 3.695
IV 15 3.7 4.054
V 15 3.5 4.286

mm m Area 2*g
D1 22.5 0.0225 0.00039760782022 19.62
D2 29.6 0.0296 0.000688134454842

v1
 Reading Q (m3/s) 0 v2 v1/2g
I 0.002274 5.720336 3.305241 0.291556
II 0.002941 7.397180 4.274131 0.377022
Data
III 0.003695 9.292024 5.368982 0.473600
IV 0.004054 10.196112 5.891369 0.519680
V 0.004286 10.778747 6.228019 0.549376

Data

Total Head Loss in 90º Bends of Various Radii

0.3500 0.3000

0.3000
0.2500

0.2500
0.2000
Loss of total Head ∆H (m)

Loss of total Head ∆H (m)

Column H
0.2000
Linear (Column H)
Elbow
0.1500
Linear (Elbow)
0.1500 Bend
Linear (Bend)
0.1000
0.1000

0.0500
0.0500

0.0000 0.0000
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 0.00
Velocity Head V^2/2g (m)

0.3000
 V
269
225
200
106
155
142
142
102
94
78
1
3.5

Differential Piezometer Reading ∆h'

Mitre (1-2) Elbow (3-4) Enlargement (5-6) Contaction (7-8) Bend (9-10)
18 10 8 12 5
19 18 8 20 -3
-67 23 12 30 113
35 30 15 33 66
44 94 13 40 77

(∆H)
 v2/2g Mitre (1-2) Elbow (3-4) Enlargement (5-6) Contaction (7-8)
0.168463 0.141094 0.133094 0.131094 0.135094
0.217846 0.178177 0.177177 0.167177 0.179177
0.273648 0.132951 0.222951 0.211951 0.229951
0.300274 0.254406 0.249406 0.234406 0.252406
0.317432 0.275943 0.325943 0.244943 0.271943

(K)
Mitre (1-2) Elbow (3-4) Enlargement (5-6) Contaction (7-8)
I 0.48393 0.45649 0.44963 0.46335
II 0.47259 0.46994 0.44341 0.47524
III 0.28072 0.47076 0.44753 0.48554
IV 0.48954 0.47992 0.45106 0.48570

k 0.4316976 0.4692779 0.4479095 0.4774573

ous Radii Total Head Loss at a Sudden Enlargement
0.3000

0.2500

0.2000
Loss of total Head ∆H (m)

Column H
Linear (Column H)
Elbow Column J
0.1500
Linear (Elbow) Linear (Column J)
Bend
Linear (Bend)
0.1000

0.0500

0.0000
12.00 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00
Velocity Head V^2/2g (m) Upstream Velocity Head V^2/2g (m)

Total Head Loss at a Sudden Contraction

0.3000
 Total Head Loss at a Sudden Contraction
0.3000

0.2500

0.2000
Loss of total Head ∆H (m)

0.1500 Column K
Linear (Column K)

0.1000

0.0500

0.0000
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00

Upstream Velocity Head V^2/2g (m)

 Bend (9-10)
0.128094
0.156177
0.312951
0.285406
0.308943

Bend (9-10)
0.43934
0.41424
0.66079
0.54920

0.5158925

Column J
Linear (Column J)

ocity Head V^2/2g (m)

 Column K
Linear (Column K)

ocity Head V^2/2g (m)

𝑓=(𝑖∗𝐷)/((4𝑢^2)/(2𝑔))
𝑖=(32 𝜇 𝑢)/(𝜌 𝑔 〖 𝐷〗 ^2 )
Cross-Sectional Area of Pipe (m²) 7.06858E-06 ρH20 (Kg/m³) 1000
Element Qty (ml) Time (s) Flow Q Flow u (m/s) h1 (mm) h2 (mm) h1 - h2
(m³/s) (mm)
150 42.92 3.49487E-06 0.494424 381 273 108
100 16.81 5.94884E-06 0.841589 335 131 204
200 33.05 6.05144E-06 0.856103 420 225 195
200 27.95 7.15564E-06 1.012315 450 185 265
H2O 150 19.69 7.61808E-06 1.077738 470 170 300
200 24.92 8.02568E-06 1.135402 485 145 340
150 18.48 8.11688E-06 1.148304 483 149 334
100 12.3 8.13008E-06 1.150171 407 37 370
100 11.65 8.58369E-06 1.214344 397 45 352

Cross-Sectional Area of Pipe (m²) 7.06858E-06 ρH20 (Kg/m³) 1000

Flow Q h1 - h2
Element Qty (ml) Time (s) (m³/s) Flow u (m/s) h1 (mm) h2 (mm) (mm)
120 28.4 4.22535E-06 0.59777 264 242 -22
120 22.4 5.35714E-06 0.75788 260 245 -15
120 19.067 6.2936E-06 0.89036 258 246 -12
120 18.16 6.60793E-06 0.93483 256 249 -7
120 14.94 8.03213E-06 1.13631 250 254 4
120 13.94 8.60832E-06 1.21783 248 249 1
Hg
120 11.65 1.03004E-05 1.45721 242 263 21
120 10.5 1.14286E-05 1.61681 234 272 38
120 9.51 1.26183E-05 1.78512 224 284 60
120 8.4 1.42857E-05 2.02102 215 292 77
120 7.11 1.68776E-05 2.38770 201 309 108
120 6.09 1.97044E-05 2.78761 175 339 164

ℎ_𝑓 Flow u (m/s)

0.327645 0.59777
0.49633695 0.75788
0.65798577 0.89036
0.71656883 0.93483
1.00831701 1.13631
1.13828441 1.21783
1.55826125 1.45721
1.86908636 1.61681
2.22277107 1.78512
2.76198866 2.02102
3.69776102 2.38770
4.84875655 2.78761
1000 Nominal Diameter 0.003 3
Reynolds
Viscosity (μ) i log i log u Number Friction
(Pa*s) Factor (f)
(Re)
0.001 0.17919984 -0.7467 -0.3059 1483.27067 0.04314789
0.001 0.30502705 -0.5157 -0.0749 2524.7661 0.02534888
0.001 0.31028773 -0.5082 -0.0675 2568.30972 0.02491911 |
0.001 0.36690553 -0.4354 0.0053 3036.94584 0.0210738
0.001 0.39061743 -0.4082 0.0325 3233.21367 0.01979455
0.001 0.41151723 -0.3856 0.0551 3406.20531 0.01878924
0.001 0.41619357 -0.3807 0.0601 3444.91219 0.01857812
0.001 0.4168703 -0.3800 0.0608 3450.51367 0.01854796
0.001 0.44012916 -0.3564 0.0843 3643.0316 0.01756779

1000 Nominal Diameter 0.003

Reynolds
ℎ_𝑓 Friction
Viscosity (μ) log i log u Number Factor (f)
(Re)
1.53E-03 0.327645 -0.4846 -0.2235 1175.161 0.01349282
1.53E-03 0.49633695 -0.3042 -0.1204 1489.936 0.01271555
1.53E-03 0.65798577 -0.1818 -0.0504 1750.383 0.0122136
1.53E-03 0.71656883 -0.1447 -0.0293 1837.806 0.01206569
1.53E-03 1.00831701 0.0036 0.0555 2233.906 0.01149108
1.53E-03 1.13828441 0.0563 0.0856 2394.158 0.01129377
1.53E-03 1.55826125 0.1926 0.1635 2864.769 0.01079828
1.53E-03 1.86908636 0.2716 0.2087 3178.530 0.01052133
1.53E-03 2.22277107 0.3469 0.2517 3509.418 0.01026404
1.53E-03 2.76198866 0.4412 0.3056 3973.162 0.00995046
1.53E-03 3.69776102 0.5679 0.3780 4694.031 0.00954422
1.53E-03 4.84875655 0.6856 0.4452 5480.224 0.00918179
 Laminar Flow
1.40
1.20
1.00
0.80
u

0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5
i

Chart Title
0.5000

0.4000

0.3000

0.2000

0.1000

0.0000
-0.6000 -0.4000 -0.2000 0.0000 0.2000 0.4000 0.6000 0.8000
-0.1000

-0.2000

-0.3000

Chart Title
3.00000

2.50000

2.00000

1.50000

1.00000

0.50000

0.00000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6