LessonNo.

1.Meani
ngofKKK

Whati
sKKK?

- KKKmeansKat aas-
taasangKagalang-gal
angangKatipunanngmgaAnakngBay an.I
t
wasarevol
uti
onarysoci
etythatespousedi
ndependenceandfreedom f
ort
hePhi
l
ippi
nes
thr
oughf
orcearms.
2.Foundi
ngofKKK
Who,
when,
wher
e,howt
heKKKwasf
ounded?
- ThefounderofKKKisAndresBonifacio,amemberofLaLi gaFili
pina.Hef
oundedKKK
onJuly07,1892i
nahouseonAzcar r
agaSt r
eet
,inTondoManila.TheKKKfoundedasa
symbolofthemember ’
sloyal
ty,t
heyper for
medt hesolemnriteofSanduguan(Bl
ood
compact)
,wherei
neachonesignedhisnamewi thhisownblood.
3.Ai
msandObj
ect
ivesofKKK
-Fi
rst,ai
mst oachievef reedom fr
om Spai n,secondaim wasf ocusedont hemor al
sof
themember s;theywantt ot eachgoodv aluesi nt houghtsandindeedandsetasi debl ind
obedienceandzbel i
efinsuper sti
ti
ons.Lastl
y ,themember swereurgedt odefendtheweakand
theoppr essed.Itaimst o awaken nat i
onalism and f reetheFili
pino peoplef r
om Spani sh
oppressionandf ri
ardisposi
tional sotheywantt hecount r
ytowrit
eandwi nindependentfrom
Spain.Civi
c,member swer eur gedt ohel
pthesi ckcomr adesandtheirfamil
ies.Moral
,teaching
ofthegoodmanner shy gi
eneandgoodmor alchar acter
.Poli
ti
cal
,separati
onoft hePhili
ppines
from Spainandsecuringitsi
ndependence.
I
tsmainobj
ecti
v eswassepar
ati
onofthePhili
ppi
nesfr
om Spainandt hesamet
ime,the
dev
elopmentoftheFil
ipinosasci
ti
zensofthei
rownnationonceindependencewasachi
eved.
Toestabl
ishani
ndependentandDemocrat
icPhil
ippi
neStat
e.
4.Howcant
heKKKachi
evest
heobj
ect
ives?
-Toachiev
etheobj ecti
ve,membershadtobei ndoctr
inatedwiththerulesandideal
sof
thesociet
ywhichwerelaiddownbyAndr esBonifaci
oandEmi li
oJacinto,whowast he“ br
ains
ofthekat i
punan”
.Bonifacio“ TheDuti
esoft heSonsoft hePeopl e,
”aDecal ogueoft he
Kati
punanwhi l
eJaci
ntowr otethe“Kar
ti
ll
a,”orthepr i
meroft hekat i
punan.Member swer e
expect
edt ofol
l
ow,st
ri
ctly,therul
esandtotakei
ntotheirhear
tstheidealsofthesociet
y.
5.Whatar
ethegov
erni
ngbodi
esofKKK?
-Thegov er ni ng bodi esofKKK ar et heKat aas- t
aasang Sanggunian (TheSupr eme
Counci l
),theSangguni angBay an(ThePr ov i
ncialCouncil
) ,SangguniangBalangay( ThePopul ar
Counci l
)andt heSangguni angHukuman( Judi ci
alCounci l)
.Thehi ghestbodywast heKat aas-
taasangSanguni an,composedoft hePr esident,thefiscal,thesecr etar
y,thet r
easurer,and
compt roll
er.I
trepr esent edtheent ir
ecount ry.Thesecondbodywast heSangguni angBay anor
ProvincialCouncil,r epr ensentingthepr ovince.TheSangguni angBal angayorPopul arCounci l
foll
owedandr epresent edt hemuni cipal
it
yoft own.Thelastt wol evel
shadasi mil
arst r
uct uret o
thatoft heSupremeCounci l.TheSangguni angHukumanwast heJudicialCounci
lwherej udi cial
mat t
ersl i
ketheviol ationofr ules,
settl
ementofdi sput
es, aswel lasactsofbetrayalsamongt he
member swer ehandl ed.
6.Howdi
dtheSpani
shaut
hor
it
iesdi
scov
ert
heKKK?
-TheSpaniar
dsdi
scover
edt heKati
punanwhil
eitsmemberwerepl
otti
nganupri
sing.
ManuelSit
yar,aSpani
shl
ieut
enantoftheguardi
aci
vi
l,i
nfor
medtheaut
hori
ti
esaboutasecret
gather
inghel
di nPasi
gandthatsomeFi l
ipi
nosweregather
ingar
msandammuni ti
onforan
unknownreason.
 Lesson2
“
CryofPhi
l
ippi
neRev
olut
ion”

1.Whoarethet
hreepr
imar
ysour
cesoft
hehi
stor
y?How di
dtheypar
ti
cipat
edi
nthe
r
evol
uti
on?

- Thethreepri
marysour
cesofthestoryt
heTheFirstCryoft
heRev
olut
ionar
eSant
iago
Alv
arez,Gui
l
lermoMasangkayandDr.Pi
oVal
enzuela.

- Guill
ermoMasangkaywasdesignatedtobui
ldKKKCav i
te.Hi
saccountscont r
ibr
uteto
ourunderst
andi
ngofthecryofBali
ntawakandthedeathofBoni f
aci
o.Hewasal soa
generalinthePhi
li
ppi
nes-
AmericanWar .Hestrongl
ysupportedtheer ect
ionoft he
Bonif
aciomonumentandcont
ri
butedP10,000ofhisper
sonalmoneyfortheeffort
.

- Sant
iagoAl
var
ez,
hei
sthel
eaderoft
heCav
iteRev
olut
ion.

- Dr
.Pi
oVal
enzuel
a,hei
stheof
fi
cial
oft
hekat
ipunan.

2.Accor
dingt
otheaccount
s,wher
eandwhendi
dtheFi
rstCr
yoft
heRev
olut
ionhappen?

- Accordi
ngtoSantiagoAlvarez,
hewasnotaney ewit
nessoftheev ent
.Althoughhewas
i
nt heCavit
eatthattime,thisishisver
sionofthefir
strevol
ution.August23,1896as
earl
yas10 o’ cl
ocki nthemor ni
ng,att hebarnofKabesangMel choraatapl ace
Sampalukan,bar
ri
oofBahayTor o,kat
ipuner
osmett ogetheraboutoft hesear ri
ved.
Accordi
ngtoGuill
ermoMasangkayt hefi
rstcr
yofrevol
uti
onhappenedi nBal i
nt awak,at
thehouseofapol oni
oSamson,onAugust26,1896.Accor di
ngt oPioVal enzuelait
happenedinPugadLawinonAugust23, 1896.

3.Whati
sthesi
gni
fi
canceoft
het
ear
ingoft
hecedul
as?Whatdi
dthecedul
assi
gni
fy?

- Thesigni f
icanceoft het ear
ingoft hecedulasi sthei
rprotestagainstSpanishcol onial
rul
e.Itsignaledthest artofthePhili
ppi
ner ev oluti
onagainstSpainthatwasf oll
owedby
seri
esoff i
ercefighti
ngoft heFi l
i
pinobolosandspear sv er
susSpani shmusket s.The
cedulaisar eminderofSpai ntyrannyagai nstFi l
ipi
nowhower ebr andedas“ indios”
duri
ngt heinvaders’300-yearrul
e.It’
sapieceoft hepaperthatsymbol i
zestheSpani ards’
oppression and t eari
ng the same means t he startofourf ightf orfreedom and
i
ndependence.Andr esBoni f
aciourgedhisf ollowerstotearintopiecestheircedulasas
asignofr evoltagainsttheSpanishgovernment .
-
4.Whatar
ethesi
mil
ari
ti
esanddi
ff
erencesoft
he3account
s?

- Thesi mi
lar
it
iesanddiffer
encesofthethreeaccount
saretheyar
ebothwitnessesoft
he
fi
rstcryofther ev
olut
ionandt heyalsodeter
minetheplaceandthedateofwhenand
wher edi
dithappenedwhi l
etheirdif
fer
encesarethepl
aceanddatethatt
he3accounts
witnesst
hef i
rstcr
yoft herev
oluti
on.
 Lesson3
“
Tej
erosAssembl
y”

1.Howdi
dthet
wor
ivalf
act
ionsoft
heKat
ipunanMagdal
oandMagdi
wangcomeabout
?

- Thet wo r i
valfact i
onsoft hekat i
punan,st arted outasmer esanguni angbal angay
(counci
ls).AndresBoni f
aciopr esi
dedov erthef oundingofboth.TheMagdi wangwas
formedi nNov eleta,CaviteonApr i
l2,1896;t heMagdal o,i
nKawi t
,Cav ite,onApr i
l3,
1896.Duet ot heirrapidgrowt hinmember ship,thetwobr ancheswer eelevat edbyt he
katas-
taasangsangguni ant ot hestatusofsangguni angbayan,afterwhi cht hetwo
groupswer eaut hori
zedt of orm balangaysundert hem andt wogr oupsgr ew when
Spanishforcesassai ledCaviteinthelatterpartof1896;t herif
tgrewwhenf urtheraft
er
theli
berati
onofCav it
e.

2.Whower
ethesour
cesoft
hehi
stor
icalaccount
s–backgr
ound?Whatwer
ethei
rrol
es
i
nthekat
ipunan?

- Thesourcesofthehi
stor
icalaccount
sar
eAr
temi
oRecar
te,Andr
esBoni
faci
oand
Sant
iagoAl
var
ez.

- Artemio Recarte was among t he pr

ivi
l
eged few who wer ei nv
ited t
o witness t
he
declar
ati
onofi ndependenceinKawit,Cavi
teon12June1896.I ndeed,Recart
ehadt he
ri
ghttobethere.Afterall
,heledhist
roopstll
iberat
esanFranciscodeMal aboninCavit
e
on31August1896, whichbecameoneoft hefir
stvict
ori
esoftheKat i
punan.

- AndresBonifaci
o,the‘
Supr
emo”oftheKatipunanarr
ivedther
eaboutt helat
terhal
fof
December,1896.Hewascall
edbytheMagdiwanggov ernmentwhich,
wi t
htheMagdalo
government,
hadjustgi
venbat
tl
etotheSpanishfor
cesintheprov
ince.

- Sant
iagoAl varezwasarevol
uti
onarygeneralandafounderandhonorar
ypresi
dentof
thef
irstdi
rectorat
eoft
henaci
onali
stapart
y.Alsoknownas“Kidl
atngApoy”.

3.Whydi
dAndr
esBoni
faci
odecl
arest
her
esul
toft
heTej
erosel
ect
ionnul
landv
oid?

- Andr
esBonifaci
odeclarestheresultofthet ej
eroselecti
onnullandv oi
dbecausewhen
Boni
faci
owasel ect
edSecr et
aryofI nter
ior,DanielTir
onacontestedandarguedthata
l
awyershouldhandletheposi t
ion.Boni f
aciof el
tinsult
edanddemandedanapol ogy
fr
om Tir
ona.Becauseoft hehumi l
iat
ionandanger ,Boni
faci
odecl ar
edthatal
lmat t
ers
conv
enedintheTejerosConventionwer enullandv oi
d.Toget
herwi thhi
ssupport
ers,he
l
eftt
heestat
ehouse.

4.Whatar
ethesi
mil
ari
ti
esanddi
ff
erencesamongt
het
hreeaccount
s?

- Thesi mi
lar
it
iesoft het hreeaccountswhichisAr t
emi o Recarte,AndresBoni facio,
Santi
agoAlvarezarebot hofwhi chwer ewri
tt
enmanyy ear
saf tertejer
os,theybot h
wit
nessedtheTej erosconv ent
ion,yetwrot
et hei
raccount saftersev eralyearshad
passed.Inanycase,i ti sworthnot i
ngthatthei
rversioncl ai
medt hatt heTejeros
Coventi
on l
asted onlyforoneday .Bothrecount
ed instancesofconf li
ct,albei
tal l
 occurr
edi
noneday.Thedif
ferencesofthe3account
sar
erespondedi
nequal
l
yinsul
ti
ng
toneandl
anguage,
elect
eddir
ectoroftheInt
eri
or.

5.How cant
het
hreeaccount
scont
ri
but
etoy
ourunder
standi
ngoft
hef
ir
stPhi
li
ppi
ne
Rev
olut
ion?

- Thethreeaccountscontri
butedt omyunder st
andingofthefirstPhil
ippi
neRev ol
uti
onby
thei
rownv ersi
onoftheTej erosconvent
ionandal soinhowt heywithnessedtheTejeros
assemblyont hei
raccountedt hatt
heymade.Ther earebothpar tofthekati
punanhol ed
tounderst
andwhati sitstoryandhowdi dithappenduringtheirti
me.Alloftheconfli
cts
thatt
heyalreadyencounteredissuchabigcont r
ibuti
onforme.
 Lesson4
TheKar
ti
ly
aoft
heKat
ipunan
“
Teachi
ngsoft
heKKK”

Thet
eachi
ngsoft
heKat
ipunan:

1.Ali
feisdedi
catedt
oagr
eatandsacr
edcausei
sli
keat
reewi
thoutashadewi
tha
poi
sonousweed.

- Li
f eiscomparedtoat r
ee.Thel eavesarethewor thycause.Whatwi l
lhappenifthetree
hav enoleav
es,forsureitwil
ldie.So,wheny ouar enotdev otedtoawor thycause,you
arelikeadeadandcol dpersont hatcan’tdoany t
hing.Wehav eadiff
erentpurposesin
l
ife,other
sarediffi
cul
tother
sar esimplyeasy ,buttheimportantthi
ngisthatweshoul d
dot hem nomatterwhatthereasoni sbecauseifwedon’ t
,ourlif
ebecalledavir
tue.

2.Agooddeedlacksv
irt
ueifi
tspr
ingsf
rom adesi
ref
orper
sonalpr
ofi
tandnotf
rom a
si
ncer
edesi
retodogood.

- Youshoul
dhel
pev eninli
tt
lewayswit
hthesincer
it
yofy ourhear
t.Youshouldnotexpect
any
thi
nginret
urnwheny ou’vehel
pedsomeone.Itdoesn’tmatterhowmanyt i
mesy ou
hel
pother
sbecauseifyoudidwit
haninsi
ncerehearti
tcan’tbecall
edavir
tue.

3.Truechari
tyresi
desi
nactsofcompassi
on,i
nlovef
orone’
sfel
lowmen,
andi
nmaki
ng
tr
uereasonthemeasureofever
ymove,deedandword.

- Toshow arealvi
rtuei
snotonl ywheny ou’
vehelpsomeonebutal soinwhaty our
i
ntenti
oni
sandhowpureitis.Chari
tyiswhatwedot ohelpother
s,butifyoudoi tfor
yourownpur
pose,
theni
tcan’tbecal
ledvi
rt
ueregar
dlessofwhatyougivetoother
s.

4.Bethei
rskindar
korpal
e,al
lmenar
eequal
.Onecanbesuper
iort
o anot
heri
n
knowl
edge.

- Wear eallequal,nooneisgr eaterthanother.I

tdoesn’
tmat t
eri
fy ouhaveadarkoraf ai
r
ski
n,i
fy ouar etallornot
,ifyoudosomet hingthi
sandt hatway, butwhatmatter
si sthat
weareal lbrothersandsistersinthesightofGod.Don’ tjudgethebookbyi t
scov er,not
ever
ythi
ngwer eseeingisreal.Wear eall
equallydi
sregardingourphysical
capabil
iti
es.

5.Apersonwithanobl
echaract
ervalueshonorabovesel
f-
int
erest
,whi
leaper
sonwi
th
ani
gnoblechar
act
erval
uessel
f-i
nterestabov
ehonor.

- Onl
ythet
rut
hwi
l
lsety
ouf
ree.Awi
semani
sal
way
sval
uinghi
ssel
f-
deni
albef
orehi
s
r
umor.

6.Anhonor
abl
eman’
swor
dishi
sbond.

- Thepoi
ntoft
hist
eachi
ngi
sthati
fyouhav
eshame,keept
hem,y
ouar
eshamel
ess.A
 per
sonknowswhent
okeephi
swor
dorhi
ssecr
ets.

7.Don’
twast
eti
me;
lostweal
thmayber
ecov
ered,
butt
imel
osti
slostf
orev
er.

- Timeisgold.Neverwasteitbecauseyoucan’
tgotot hepastandretur
nt heti
mei nthe
past.Ot
herssayswhi chistr
ue.ButIdon’
treal
lybel
ievethatoppor
tuni
tiesthatpassed
bymaycomeagai n.Thi
ngsmayhappenoncel i
keti
mesoweshoul dval
ueev erysecond
thatwespendourl i
ves.

8.Def
endt
heoppr
essedandf
ightt
heoppr
essor
.

- Don’tbeat r
ait
or.Itwaslikedefendi
ngourcountr
yandf i
ghtit’
sconquer.Forexampl e
someonei sbull
yi
ngy ourclassmateyouwil
lsaytotheoppressorthatst
oppedwhathe
i
sdoi ngbecauseitisbadt obull
yother
s.Neverdef
endtheot hersideortheoppressor
becauseiti
sbad.

9.Anint
ell
igentmanishewhot
akecar
einev
ery
thi
nghesay
sinkeepsqui
etaboutwhat
mustbekeptsecr
et.

- Secr
etisasecr
et.Al
wayswat
chy
ourword.Anintel
l
igentper
sonspeaksdi
l
igent
lybuthe
al
soknowswhent okeephi
smouthshut.Thismeanst hatevenapersonwho’sso
i
ntel
l
igenti
shonest.

10.Alongthethor
nypathofli
fe,themanl eadst
hewayinhiswif
eandchi
ldr
enf
oll
ow.I
f
t
heleadergoesthewayofperdit
ion,
thensodothosewhoar
eled.

- I
tisli
keat r
ainthatwhenthefir
stcargottothewrongdi
rect
ional
lofthecart
swi l
lgoto
thewrongway .Thisl
i
keal i
tt
lewaterinsi
de,itf
oll
owswherethegrav
itypul
l
st hewater
,
anywhereaslongasthei
rleaderisconcer
ned.

11.Donotr egar
dawomenasamer epl
ayt
hing,butasahel
pmat eandpartneri
nthe
har
dshipsofthisexi
stence.Havedueregardtoherweaknessandr ememberthe
motherwhobroughty
ouintothi
sworl
dandnurtur
edyoui
nyourinf
ancy
.

- Remembery ourmotherwhobr oughty

ouupsinceyouwereababy.Womenar
emeant
tobelovednotforpleasureifyoucan’
tval
ueone,t
henyoudon’
tdeser
vet
olov
e.Val
ue
otherwomenasy ourvalueyourmom.

12.Whaty ouwoul
dnotwantdonetoy
ourwi
fe,
daught
erandsi
ster
,donotdot
othewi
fe,
daught
erandsi
sterofanot
her
.

- I
tisli
kethegoldenrul
et hatsay
s“Donotdountoother
swhaty oudon’
twantother
sdoit
t
oy ou.Don’tdot ootherswhatyoudon’twanttobedoneunt oyou.It
’sl
ikeami r
ror
,
whatyoudot oy our
selfwhilel
ooki
nginthemirr
orwillr
efl
ectandwil
lbeshowni nthe
mir
rortoo.
 13.
Aman’ swort
hdoesnotcomef r
om beingaki ng,orint heheightofhisnoseandt he
whi t
enessofhisface,orinhim beingapr i
est
, arepresentat
iveofGodori nhisexal
ted
positi
onont hefaceoft hisearth.Pureandt rulynobleishewho,t houghbor ninthe
forestandabletospeakonl yhisownt ongue,behavesdecent l
y,i
struetohi sword,has
dignit
yandhonor ,whoisnotanoppr essoranddoesnotabetoppr essor s,whoknows
howt ocheri
shandl ookafterthelandofhisbirth.

- Donotj ustlookontheoutwar
dappear anceofaperson, l
ookontheirinnerappear ance,
andint hei
rheart
s.Every
onewasmadebyGodequal ly,sonomatterwhaty ourpositi
on
i
s,yourpersonali
tyist
heonlythi
ngt hatishighl
yappreciat
edbyothersespeci all
ybyGod.
Youcanear nmoneybuty oucan’tpayGodt olety
ouent erheav
en,buty ourv i
rtueand
pureintenti
onswilldomor ethatithasbonusoft akingyoutoheav eni falreadyalso
acceptedJesus.

Asast
udent
,howwi
lly
ouembodyt
hemai
nteachi
ngsandgui
dingpr
inci
plesoft
hekar
ti
ly
a.
- Asast udentIwi
llembodiedtheteachingsandguidingoft hekarti
ly
abysheerchar acter
oflovebecauselovesupersedesanyindivi
dual
,creati
nganat i
onhoodbiggerthani tsel
f.
Itspokeofhonor ,chari
tyandself-sacri
fi
cebutwar nedofpenal tytot hetrai
torand
disobedi
ent.Thekar t
il
yawasl onger,morelit
eraryandphi losophical
.Itpresentedi ts
concepts ofv i
rtuous li
vi
ng as lessons forsel f
-r
eflecti
on,r at
hert han as di rect
prescri
pti
on.

Ci
tesi
tuat
ionsonhowy
oucanappl
ythet
eachi
ngs.Expl
ainy
ouanswer
s.

- Defendt heoppressedandf i
ghttheoppr
ession.Awisemanissomeonewhoi scaref
ul
i
nal lthathesays;l
earntokeepthethi
ngsthatneedtobekeptsecret.I
nthethornypath
ofl
ife, t
hemanl eadsthewayandhi swi
feandchildr
enfol
l
ow;iftheleadergoestheway
ofev i
l
, sodothefoll
owers.