Lesson 1

1. Meaning of KKK
What is KKK?
- KKK means Kataas-taasang Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga
Anak ng Bayan. It was a revolutionary society that espoused independence
and freedom for the Philippines through force arms.
2. Founding of KKK
Who, when, where, how the KKK was founded?
- The founder of KKK is Andres Bonifacio, a member of La Liga Filipina. He
founded KKK on July 07, 1892 in a house on Azcarraga Street, in Tondo
Manila. The KKK founded as a symbol of the member’s loyalty, they
performed the solemn rite of Sanduguan (Blood compact), wherein each one
signed his name with his own blood.
3. Aims and Objectives of KKK
- First, aims to achieve freedom from Spain, second aim was focused on the
morals of the members; they want to teach good values in thoughts and indeed and
set aside blind obedience and zbelief in superstitions. Lastly, the members were
urged to defend the weak and the oppressed. It aims to awaken nationalism and
free the Filipino people from Spanish oppression and friar disposition also they want
the country to write and win independent from Spain. Civic, members were urged to
help the sick comrades and their families. Moral, teaching of the good manners
hygiene and good moral character. Political, separation of the Philippines from Spain
and securing its independence.
Its main objectives was separation of the Philippines from Spain and the
same time, the development of the Filipinos as citizens of their own nation once
independence was achieved. To establish an independent and Democratic
Philippine State.
4. How can the KKK achieves the objectives?
- To achieve the objective, members had to be indoctrinated with the rules
and ideals of the society which were laid down by Andres Bonifacio and Emilio
Jacinto, who was the “brains of the katipunan”. Bonifacio “The Duties of the Sons of
the People,” a Decalogue of the Katipunan while Jacinto wrote the “Kartilla,” or the
primer of the katipunan. Members were expected to follow, strictly, the rules and to
take into their hearts the ideals of the society.
5. What are the governing bodies of KKK?
- The governing bodies of KKK are the Kataas-taasang Sanggunian (The
Supreme Council), the Sangguniang Bayan (The Provincial Council), Sangguniang
Balangay (The Popular Council) and the Sangguniang Hukuman (Judicial Council).
The highest body was the Kataas-taasang Sangunian, composed of the President,
the fiscal, the secretary, the treasurer, and comptroller. It represented the entire
country. The second body was the Sangguniang Bayan or Provincial Council,
reprensenting the province. The Sangguniang Balangay or Popular Council followed
and represented the municipality of town. The last two levels had a similar structure
to that of the Supreme Council. The Sangguniang Hukuman was the Judicial Council
where judicial matters like the violation of rules, settlement of disputes, as well as
acts of betrayals among the members were handled.
6. How did the Spanish authorities discover the KKK?
- The Spaniards discovered the Katipunan while its member were plotting an
uprising. Manuel Sityar, a Spanish lieutenant of the guardia civil, informed the
authorities about a secret gathering held in Pasig and that some Filipinos were
gathering arms and ammunition for an unknown reason.
 Lesson 2
“Cry of Philippine Revolution”

1. Who are the three primary sources of the history? How did they
participated in the revolution?

- The three primary sources of the story the The First Cry of the Revolution are
Santiago Alvarez, Guillermo Masangkay and Dr. Pio Valenzuela.

- Guillermo Masangkay was designated to build KKK Cavite. His accounts

contribrute to our understanding of the cry of Balintawak and the death of
Bonifacio. He was also a general in the Philippines-American War. He strongly
supported the erection of the Bonifacio monument and contributed P10, 000
of his personal money for the effort.

- Santiago Alvarez, he is the leader of the Cavite Revolution.

- Dr. Pio Valenzuela, he is the official of the katipunan.

2. According to the accounts, where and when did the First Cry of the
Revolution happen?

- According to Santiago Alvarez, he was not an eye witness of the event.

Although he was in the Cavite at that time, this is his version of the first
revolution. August 23, 1896 as early as 10 o’clock in the morning, at the barn
of Kabesang Melchora at a place Sampalukan, barrio of Bahay Toro,
katipuneros met together about of these arrived. According to Guillermo
Masangkay the first cry of revolution happened in Balintawak, at the house
of apolonio Samson, on August 26, 1896. According to Pio Valenzuela it
happened in Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1896.

3. What is the significance of the tearing of the cedulas? What did the
cedulas signify?

- The significance of the tearing of the cedulas is their protest against Spanish
colonial rule. It signaled the start of the Philippine revolution against Spain
that was followed by series of fierce fighting of the Filipino bolos and spears
versus Spanish muskets. The cedula is a reminder of Spain tyranny against
Filipino who were branded as “indios” during the invaders’ 300-year rule. It’s
a piece of the paper that symbolizes the Spaniards’ oppression and tearing
the same means the start of our fight for freedom and independence. Andres
Bonifacio urged his followers to tear into pieces their cedulas as a sign of
revolt against the Spanish government.
-
4. What are the similarities and differences of the 3 accounts?

- The similarities and differences of the three accounts are they are both
witnesses of the first cry of the revolution and they also determine the place
and the date of when and where did it happened while their differences are
the place and date that the 3 accounts witness the first cry of the revolution.
 Lesson 3
“Tejeros Assembly”

1. How did the two rival factions of the Katipunan Magdalo and
Magdiwang come about?

- The two rival factions of the katipunan, started out as mere sanguniang
balangay (councils). Andres Bonifacio presided over the founding of both. The
Magdiwang was formed in Noveleta, Cavite on April 2, 1896; the Magdalo, in
Kawit, Cavite, on April 3, 1896. Due to their rapid growth in membership, the
two branches were elevated by the katas-taasang sanggunian to the status of
sangguniang bayan, after which the two groups were authorized to form
balangays under them and two groups grew when Spanish forces assailed
Cavite in the latter part of 1896; the rift grew when further after the
liberation of Cavite.

2. Who were the sources of the historical accounts – background? What

were their roles in the katipunan?

- The sources of the historical accounts are Artemio Recarte, Andres Bonifacio
and Santiago Alvarez.

- Artemio Recarte was among the privileged few who were invited to witness
the declaration of independencein Kawit, Cavite on 12 June 1896. Indeed,
Recarte had the right to be there. After all, he led his troops tl liberate san
Francisco de Malabon in Cavite on 31 August 1896, which became one of the
first victories of the Katipunan.

- Andres Bonifacio, the ‘Supremo” of the Katipunan arrived there about the
latter half of December, 1896. He was called by the Magdiwang government
which, with the Magdalo government, had just given battle to the Spanish
forces in the province.

- Santiago Alvarez was a revolutionary general and a founder and honorary

president of the first directorate of the nacionalista party. Also known as
“Kidlat ng Apoy”.

3. Why did Andres Bonifacio declares the result of the Tejeros election
null and void?

- Andres Bonifacio declares the result of the tejeros election null and void
because when Bonifacio was elected Secretary of Interior, Daniel Tirona
contested and argued that a lawyer should handle the position. Bonifacio felt
insulted and demanded an apology from Tirona. Because of the humiliation
and anger, Bonifacio declared that all matters convened in the Tejeros
Convention were null and void. Together with his supporters, he left the
estate house.

4. What are the similarities and differences among the three accounts?

- The similarities of the three accounts which is Artemio Recarte, Andres

Bonifacio, Santiago Alvarez are both of which were written many years after
tejeros, they both witnessed the Tejeros convention, yet wrote their accounts
after several years had passed. In any case, it is worth noting that their
version claimed that the Tejeros Covention lasted only for one day. Both
recounted instances of conflict, albeit all occurred in one day. The differences
of the 3 accounts are responded in equally insulting tone and language,
elected director of the Interior.
5. How can the three accounts contribute to your understanding of the
first Philippine Revolution?

- The three accounts contributed to my understanding of the first Philippine

Revolution by their own version of the Tejeros convention and also in how
they withnessed the Tejeros assembly on their accounted that they made.
There are both part of the katipunan ho led to understand what is it story and
how did it happen during their time. All of the conflicts that they already
encountered is such a big contribution for me.
 Lesson 4
The Kartilya of the Katipunan
“Teachings of the KKK”

The teachings of the Katipunan:

1. A life is dedicated to a great and sacred cause is like a tree without

a shade with a poisonous weed.

- Life is compared to a tree. The leaves are the worthy cause. What will happen
if the tree have no leaves, for sure it will die. So, when you are not devoted to
a worthy cause, you are like a dead and cold person that can’t do anything.
We have a different purposes in life, others are difficult others are simply
easy, but the important thing is that we should do them no matter what the
reason is because if we don’t, our life be called a virtue.

2. A good deed lacks virtue if it springs from a desire for personal

profit and not from a sincere desire to do good.

- You should help even in little ways with the sincerity of your heart. You
should not expect anything in return when you’ve helped someone. It doesn’t
matter how many times you help others because if you did with an insincere
heart it can’t be called a virtue.

3. True charity resides in acts of compassion, in love for one’s fellow

men, and in making true reason the measure of every move, deed
and word.

- To show a real virtue is not only when you’ve help someone but also in what
your intention is and how pure it is. Charity is what we do to help others, but
if you do it for your own purpose, then it can’t be called virtue regardless of
what you give to others.

4. Be their skin dark or pale, all men are equal. One can be superior to
another in knowledge.

- We are all equal, no one is greater than other. It doesn’t matter if you have a
dark or a fair skin, if you are tall or not, if you do something this and that
way, but what matters is that we are all brothers and sisters in the sight of
God. Don’t judge the book by its cover, not everything were seeing is real.
We are all equally disregarding our physical capabilities.

5. A person with a noble character values honor above self-interest,

while a person with an ignoble character values self-interest above
honor.

- Only the truth will set you free. A wise man is always valuing his self-denial
before his rumor.

6. An honorable man’s word is his bond.

- The point of this teaching is that if you have shame, keep them, you are
shameless. A person knows when to keep his word or his secrets.

7. Don’t waste time; lost wealth may be recovered, but time lost is lost
forever.

- Time is gold. Never waste it because you can’t go to the past and return the
time in the past. Others says which is true. But I don’t really believe that
 opportunities that passed by may come again. Things may happen once like
time so we should value every second that we spend our lives.

8. Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor.

- Don’t be a traitor. It was like defending our country and fight it’s conquer. For
example someone is bullying your classmate you will say to the oppressor
that stopped what he is doing because it is bad to bully others. Never defend
the other side or the oppressor because it is bad.

9. An intelligent man is he who take care in everything he says in

keeps quiet about what must be kept secret.

- Secret is a secret. Always watch your word. An intelligent person speaks

diligently but he also knows when to keep his mouth shut. This means that
even a person who’s so intelligent is honest.

10. Along the thorny path of life, the man leads the way in his
wife and children follow. If the leader goes the way of perdition,
then so do those who are led.

- It is like a train that when the first car got to the wrong direction all of the
carts will go to the wrong way. This like a little water inside, it follows where
the gravity pulls the water, anywhere as long as their leader is concerned.

11. Do not regard a women as a mere plaything, but as a

helpmate and partner in the hardships of this existence. Have due
regard to her weakness and remember the mother who brought you
into this world and nurtured you in your infancy.

- Remember your mother who brought you up since you were a baby. Women
are meant to be loved not for pleasure if you can’t value one, then you don’t
deserve to love. Value other women as your value your mom.

12. What you would not want done to your wife, daughter and
sister, do not do to the wife, daughter and sister of another.

- It is like the golden rule that says “Do not do unto others what you don’t want
others do it to you. Don’t do to others what you don’t want to be done unto
you. It’s like a mirror, what you do to yourself while looking in the mirror will
reflect and will be shown in the mirror too.

13. A man’s worth does not come from being a king, or in the
height of his nose and the whiteness of his face, or in him being a
priest, a representative of God or in his exalted position on the face
of this earth. Pure and truly noble is he who, though born in the
forest and able to speak only his own tongue, behaves decently, is
true to his word, has dignity and honor, who is not an oppressor and
does not abet oppressors, who knows how to cherish and look after
the land of his birth.

- Do not just look on the outward appearance of a person, look on their inner
appearance, and in their hearts. Everyone was made by God equally, so no
matter what your position is, your personality is the only thing that is highly
appreciated by others especially by God. You can earn money but you can’t
pay God to let you enter heaven, but your virtue and pure intentions will do
more that it has bonus of taking you to heaven if already also accepted Jesus.

As a student, how will you embody the main teachings and guiding
principles of the kartilya.
 - As a student I will embodied the teachings and guiding of the kartilya by
sheer character of love because love supersedes any individual, creating a
nationhood bigger than itself. It spoke of honor, charity and self- sacrifice but
warned of penalty to the traitor and disobedient. The kartilya was longer,
more literary and philosophical. It presented its concepts of virtuous living as
lessons for self-reflection, rather than as direct prescription.

Cite situations on how you can apply the teachings. Explain you answers.

- Defend the oppressed and fight the oppression. A wise man is someone
who is careful in all that he says; learn to keep the things that need to be
kept secret. In the thorny path of life, the man leads the way and his wife and
children follow; if the leader goes the way of evil, so do the followers.