GOROSPE, EVANGELINE G.

BSCE 1C
7:30 -9:30 TTH

READING IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

(Kataastaasang Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan or KKK)

What is KKK?
Kataastaasan Kagalang-galang na Katipunan nang manga Anak ng Bayan (Highest and
Most Venerated Association of the Sons and Daughters of the Land).

Who, When, Where, How the KKK was founded?

Andres Bonifacio was also a member of La Liga Filipina, although he soon lost hope in
gaining reforms though peaceful means. This feeling was especially heightened when Jose Rizal
was exiled to Dapitan. Bonifacio became convinced that the only way the Philippines could gain
independence was through a revolution.
Bonifacio then founded the “Katastaasang Kagalanggalangang Katipuanan ng mga Anak
ng Bayan” (KKK) on July 7, 1892 in a house on Azcarraga street (now Claro M. Recto), in Tondo
Manila.
The Katipunan had colorful beginnings. As a symbol of the member’s loyalty, they
performed the solemn rite of sanduguan (blood compact), wherein each one signed his name
with his own blood.
The members agreed to recruit more people using the “triangle system” of enlistment.
Each original member would recruit two new members who were not related to each other. Each
new member would do the same thing, and so on down the line. Members were also asked to
contribute one Real (about 25 centavos) each month in order to raise funds for the association.

What are the aims/objectives of KKK?

The political goal was to completely separate the Philippines from Spain after declaring the
country’s independence.
The moral goal was to teach the Filipinos good manners, cleanliness, hygiene, fine morals,
and how to guard themselves against religious fanaticism.
The civic goal was to encourage Filipinos to help themselves and to defend the poor
oppressed.

How can the KKK achieves the objectives?

Jose Rizal never became involved in the organization and activities of the Katipunan; but
the Katipuneros still looked up to him as a leader. In fact, Rizal’s name was used as a
passwordamong the society’s highest-ranking members, who were called bayani.
Andres Bonifacio had already known Rizal during his La Liga Filipina days, although Rizal
did not know Bonifacio personally Nevertheless, Bonifacio so respected Rizal’s intelligence and
talent that in June 1896, he sent Dr. Pio Valenzuela to Dapitan to seek Rizal’s advice on the
planned revolution.
Rizal told Valenzuela that the timing was not right for a revolution. The people were not
yet ready and they did not have enough weapons. He suggested that the Katipunan obtain the
support of wealthy and influential Filipinos first, in order to gain financial assistance. He also
recommended Antonio Luna as commander of its armed forces, since Luna had much knowledge
and expertise in military tactics.
Valenzuela returned to Manila on June 26 and relayed Rizal’s advice to Bonifacio, who
admitted that it would indeed be fatal for the Filipinos to fight without enough weapons.
However, there was no stopping the Revolution. Bonifacio ordered his men to prepare for battle.
He directed them to store enough food and other supplies. Battle plans were made with the help
of Emilio Jacinto. It was suggested that the revolutionary headquarters be located near the seas
or mountains to provide for an easy retreat, if necessary.

What are the governing bodies of KKK?

The Katipunan had three governing bodies: The Kataastaasang Sanggunian or Supreme
Council, the Sangguniang Bayan or Provincial Council, and Sangguniang Balangay or Popular
Council.
The “Kataastaasang Sanggunian” (supreme council) was the highest governing body of
the Katipunan. It was headed by a supremo, or president. Each province had a “Sangguaniang
Bayan” (Provincial Council) and each town had a “Sangguniang Balangay” (Popular Council).
The Leaders of the Katipunan:

 Deodato Arellano -Supremo

 Ladislao Diwa -Fiscal
 Teodora Plata -Secretary
 Valentine Diaz -treasurer
 Andres Bonifacio -controller

How did the Spanish authorities discover the KKK?

Rumors about a secret revolutionary society had long been incirculation, although no
solid evidence could be found to support them. The big break as far as the Spanish authorities
was concerned, came on August 19, 1896 when a KKK member, Teodoro Patiño told his sister
Honoria about the existence of the Katipunan. Patiño was a worker in the printing press of Diario
deManila. Honoria was then living with nuns in a Mandaluyong orphanage.
The information upset Honoria so much that she told the orphanage’s Mother Superior, Sor
Teresa de Jesus, what her brother had revealed. Sor Teresa suggested they seek the advice of
Father Mariano Gil, the parish priest of Tondo.
After hearing Patiño’s revelations, Father Mariano Gil-accompanied by several Guardias
Civiles immediately searched the premises of Diario de Manila and found evidence of the
Katipunan’s existence. The governor general was quickly informed. The printing press was
padlocked and hundreds of suspected KKK members were arrested.
 “First Cry of Philippine Revolution”
Dr. Pio Valenzuela, Santiago Alvarez and Guillermo Masangkay’s Account

1.)Who are the three primary sources of the story?

- Dr. Pio Valenzuela, Santiago Alvarez and Guillermo Masangkay’s Account are the
three primary souces of the story.

How did they participate in the revolution?

- They were all known to participate the first cry of revolution. Dr. Pio Valenzuela who
was an official in the katipunan and Guillermo Masangkay both a friend of Andres
Bonifacio. Also Santiago was there to witness the meeting.
2.)According to the accounts, where and when the first did the first cry of
revolution happen?
- The places and time where really inaccurate because of the three main sources
have different conclusions. But the official date and place of the First cry were largely
based on the account of Dr. Pio Valenzuela, and official Katipunan and a friend of
Andres Bonifacio. So basing on Dr. Valenzuela’s Account the Philippine Revolution or
also knows as the “First cry” of the katipunan began on August 22 ,1896 in the house
and yard of Apolonio Samson at Kangkong.

3.)What is the significance of the tearing of the cedulas?

- The importance of the signified event is for the Katipunan to show their might and
for it to be a motivation for the Katipuneros to win the war.

What did the cedulas signify?

- It signifies the start of the fight for independence.

4.)What are the similarities and differences of the three accounts?

- All the accounts conclude on event it is when the First cry of the revolution began,
their gatherings, and movements from one place to another. Although some of the
detail in the date, time and place were really confusing because of their different point
of views on the story, the event still occurred no matter what time of place it was done.

Tejeros Assembly
Artemio Ricarte, Santiago Alvarez and Andres Bonifacio’s Account

1.)How did the two rival factions of the katipunan - magdalo and magdiwang -
come about?
- When Aguinaldo invited the Supremo Andres Bonifacio to Cavite to mediate as he
arrived in infuriated the Magdalos, the two groups finally agreed to form a
 revolutionary government (Pamahalaang paghihimagsik) which would lead to
revolution.
2.)Who were the sources of the historical accounts?
- The three primary sources of this historical events are Artemio Ricarte, Santiago
Alvarez and Andres Bonifacio’s Account.
3.)What were their roles in the katipunan?
- Firstly, Artemio Ricarte or elected as Captain-General Artemio Ricarte was one of
the officials of the Magdiwang factions, also during the Tejeros Assembly, he served as
the secretary of the convention when Bonifacio began presiding over the session.
During the Election Andres Bonifacio’s Role has been identified as Director of Interior.
And lastly Santiago Alvarez is also a General like Ricarte, they were both a direct
participant and witness to the events that occurred in the elections.
4.)Why did Andres Bonifacio declare the result of the election null and void?
- Even before the elections has started, Andres Bonifacio discovered the rumors that
some of those who are from Imus had secretly spread the word that it was not good for
them to be under the leadership of someone from another province. It was for this
reason that Captain Emilio Aguinaldo is elected, when he heared about this, he said
that the assembly was the Idea of those with evil intentions as this was the only thing
that they wanted and that they deceived the people.
5.)What are the similarities and differences among the three accounts?
- The three account is similar to each other because it depicts how the election
processed, but their stories differ in some instances like dates, and the consecutive
order of the said event.
6.)How can the three accounts contribute to your understanding of the first
Philippine revolution?
- It helped a lot on me personally on how can I relate the old politics to the new ones.
I concluded that no matter what era we are in there will always be bad doings like
insecurities that leads to unified union and greed on power. It also helped me to
understand more about the First cry of our Filipino ancestors, on how brave and mighty
they were amidst the war.

The Kartilya of Katipunan

Teachings of KKK

As a student, how will you embody the main teachings and guiding principles of the
Kartilya? (Cite Situations on how you can apply the teachings). Explain your answers.

Emilio Jacinto’s Kartilya is like a guideline for us Filipino on how can we follow good
and disciplined life, it depicts human rights and life itself. As a student and as a fellow
countryman, this teaching will be taken willingly and passionately. This is not only for my
benefit but also for the benefit of the people that surrounds me, that they may pick up
inspiration and then eventually all the people that surrounds them too. I believe that we all
have kindness in our hearts, people like me, Doctors, Engineers, Teachers and also wrong
doers like thieves or serial killers.   

I can say that I can reflect on this guide, like for example on the first phrase which
exemplifies living with a purpose, it reminded me of my teacher’s signature phrase, saying
that we are all unique in different ways, we have our own strengths that others don’t have,
so in order for us to live we need muster and manage on our own. That unique strength
may not show its purpose now but soon as we grow, we’ll know. As we live we slowly find
our purpose in life sometimes we disarray and we lose our purpose, that is not the end of
life, if we take that negatively, but if you have taken that in a different and more positive
way, you will find new beginning. However, some possibilities emerge that will straightly
lead us to confusion, that is just what we call barricades in life that will test us, besides
living a life full of adversities is more fun and challenging than living a boring life.

As I mention earlier, Emilio Jacinto’s Kartilya slightly depicts human right most especially
for the liberated women and the equalization of the people who have authority and the
commoners. It is most likely related to this era wherein the truth is everything, like in
court the one who wins is the truth, not the real truth but the twisted truth. The one with
authority is the one who holds judgement on the truth like in Philippines today, the EJK,
the authorities have the power to retain and kill life, Equality must prevail! For example,
like on my own experience in high school, the one who was given the most attention is the
one who excels the most is class, the point is, yes they have the talent, skills and they still
need to learn more, but how about the non-average and late bloomers? How can they
bloom without guidance? But then that is life, fair or unfair we need to deal with it. 

In conclusion, we have a path to follow, rules to abide, dreams to succeed, and a life
to fulfill. We just need to decisive in life because our choices will be the determiner of who
we are and on what we will become. As a student, following orders is a must but enjoying
and being able to fulfill my life’s desire without hurting others in a non-rule breaking way
is a MUST!