English compendium

Teacher: Avelino Zamora

ERICK MENDIOLA TORRES

3ERO. “B”

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INDEX

- Zero conditional - 3

- First conditional - 4

- Habits and costumes - 5

- Used to - 6

- Simple past tense - 7

- Pharsal verds - 8

- object pronoums - 9

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ZERO CONDITIONAL
We use the Zero conditional to talk about things or to expressideas that are
generally or always true. They represent situations that are unchanging.

Because of their unchanging truth value, thense conditional sentence. They

are especially frequent un scientific writhing, since sciences is concerned
with absoluta relationships.

Example: If you mix oil with water, it floats

The kind of sentences has two parts:

Part A: Is the situation or conditional ( The if clause)

Part B: Is the result or consequece (The result clause)

Part A :If you boil wáter, + Part B : It vaporizes.

3 the two parts of the sentence when

You have to write a comma (,) between
you begin with if.

Use the present simple tense un both clases.

EXAMPLE: If you put water in the FREEZER, it becomes ice.

The sentence are based on habits and are frequent in conversations.

EXAMPLE: If i wash the dishes , my daughter

FIRST CONDITIONAL

The first conditional has the present simple after 'if', then the future simple in
the other clause:

if + present simple, ... will + infinitive

It's used to talk about things which might happen in the future. This
describes possible things, which could easily come true.

EXAMPLE:

1. If I study today, I'll go to the party tonight.

2. If I have enough money, I'll buy some new shoes.

The kind of sentence has two parts:

1° part is the situation or condition

2° part is the result or consequence

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Part one Part two

If you find a mistake, I will correct it.

If he tells the truth, they will forgive him.

 Use the present simple tense in the IF clauses and will or be going to
in the result clauses.
CUSTOMS AND HABITS

A CUSTOM is an accepted way of behaving or of doing things in a society

or a comunity.

EXAMPLE: In Mexico always break piñatas at parties

A custom is the way a person always behaves.

EXAMPLE: Xv’s parties en Mexico

HABIT
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A HABIT is the routine of behavior that is repeated regulary and tends to
occur uncosciously.

Is a thing that you do often and al most with thinking, especially something
that is hard to stop doing.

EXAMPLE: I brush my teeth every day

I have the habit of turning on the television as soon as I get home.

It is important to reflect on the customs and habits of your society because

they are part of your culture and when you learn another language you are
also learning and experiencing another culture. It helps you become an
interculturally competente person.
USED TO
We use this expression to talk about habits or repeated actions in the past
which we don't do in the present. We also use it to talk about states in the
past which are no longer true.

Affirmative:

Subject+ used to+ verb

EXAMPLE: 1. We used to go to the beach every summer when I was

Young

2. I used to like mushrooms, but not anymore.

Negative:

Subject+ didn’t+ used to+ verb

EXAMPLE: 1. Food didn’t use to be so expensive.

2. We didn’t use to go away on holiday very often when I was young.

Question: 6
The most common form of question is auxiliary did + use (d) to.

EXAMPLE: 1. Didn’t he use to smoke a lot?

2. Didn’t he use to smoke a lot?

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

The simple past is a verb tense that is used to talk about things that
happened or existed before now.

You can also use the simple past to talk about a past state of being

Structure:

Subject+Verb(past)+complements

For example:

 She was a doctor

 I wanted to dance.

Negative

We use did not to make a negative sentence in the past tense. This is for
regular and irregular verbs.

Structure: 7
Subject+Did not+verb+complement

EXAMPLE:

 The keys weren’t in the drawer

 She wasn’t a doctor.

Question:

We use did to make a question in the past tense. This is for regular and
irregular verbs in English.

Structure:

Did+subject+verb+complement+?

EXAMPLE:

 Was she a doctor?

 Were the keys in the drawer?
PAST PROGRESIVE

The past continuous is formed from the past tense of “Be” with the “–Ing” form
of the verb. We use the past continuous to talk about the past

Affirmative:

Subject+to be (was, were) + verb(infinitive) + -ing + complement

EXAMPLE:

 My girlfriend was watching the TV show.

 We were taking a test this time two days ago.

Negative:

Subject + verb to be(was,were) + not + verb(infinitive) + -ing + complement

EXAMPLE:

 They were not playing in the park

 He was not speaking German 8

Question:

Was/were + subject + verb(infinitive) + -ing + complement + ?

EXAMPLE: We were taking a test this time two days ago.

PHRASAL VERBS

A Phrasal verb is a verb combined with an adverb or a preposition, or

sometimes both, to give a new meaning.

EXAMPLE:

 Look out!There’s a car coming

 Why did you run away from me?

An adverb is a word that adds more information about place, time,

manner, cause or degree to a verb, an adjetive, a phrase or another adverb.

Sometimes a Phrasal verb is followed by a preposition.

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-Object pronouns

An object pronoun is a noun, noun phrase or pronuon that refers to a person

or thing thing is affected by the action of the verb (calles the direct object ) or
that the actions is done to or for (called the indirecta object)

Object pronouns un English take the objective case, sometimes called the
object case. For example, the English object pronoun me is found in “they
see me” (direct object) “he’s giving me my books” (indirect object) and “sit
with me” (object of a preposition)

Subject pronouns Object pronouns

I ME

YOU 10 YOU

HE HIM

SHE HER

IT IT

WE US

YOU YOU

THEY THEY