SE MI NAR

I R O B S TAC L E
DE T E CTI ON TO
AC T UAT E L OA D
PREPARED BY: - TARI K U ME HD I
TARI KUM18 @ G MAI L. CO M
TECHNI CAL AND VO CAT I O NAL
ED UCATI O N TRAI NI N G I NST I T U T E
AD D I S ABABA, ET HI O PI A
CONTENTS
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Description
• Methodology
• Application
• Conclusion
 ABSTRACT:
The project is designed to acute a load when IR
rays are interrupted by any object. This is useful in
industries for sensing movement of material in a
conveyor belt for any action to be taken. The project
utilizes 38 KHz IR signal generated feeding an IR diode
which is received by tuned IR receiver. These IR sensors
are interfaced to a microcontroller of arduino Atmega
382.
 INTRODUCTION
The IR transmitter continuously transmits rays over the receiver and when these rays are
blocked by any protest a interrupt is sent to the microcontroller. The Arduino uno according to
program written performs the desired action. A lamp is utilized as load in this project for
demonstration reason. This lamp is acted by a transfer which is interfaced to the arduino output.
So when the interrupt is sent to the controller, it turn switches ON the transfer a relay to acute
the load.
This project can be enhanced by utilizing an including counting arrangement with a display. This
arrangement will be useful in manufacturing industries where keeping a total count of production
is required.
 DESCRIPTION :

The project is designed to actuate a load when IR rays are

interrupted. This is helpful in industries for sensing
movement of material in a conveyor belt for any action to
be taken. The project uses 38 KHz IR signal generated
feeding an IR diode which is received by tuned IR receiver.
When this signal is interrupted and input is generated by the
microcontroller.
 METHODOLOGY
• This section discussed the compositions of the hardware components and software
implementations used for designing and constructing the project. The fabrication of the chassis and
casing of the system are also discussed.
Hardware design
The system consists of Power supply unit, IR led / receiver sensor pair(IR module device), Arduino
uno. It consists of 40 digital input/output (I/O).This is a preferred choice because of its power
consumption and relatively cheap. Two types of sensors were used namely: the ultrasonic and
infrared sensor in order to improve on sensitivity and reliability of existing systems. So in this
seminar we focused on IR sensors using IR module.
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF IR OBSTACLE DETECTION TO ACTUATE LOAD

Power
IR
supply
module/Circuits

Ardino
uno

LOAD
 COMPONENTS
• IR module
• Arduino
• Load(LED, Relay module, Displays and etc.)

IR Obstacle Detection Module

 PRINCIPLE OF WORKING
The principle of an IR sensor working as an Object Detection Sensor can be explained using
the following figure. An IR sensor consists of an IR LED and an IR Photodiode; together they are
called as Photo – Coupler or Opto – Coupler. When the IR transmitter emits radiation, it reaches
the object and some of the radiation reflects back to the IR receiver. Based on the intensity of the
reception by the IR receiver, the output of the sensor is defined.
OBSTACLE SENSING CIRCUIT OR IR SENSOR CIRCUIT
 ARDUINO UNO R3
Arduino is used for building different types of electronic circuits
easily using of both a physical programmable circuit board usually
microcontroller and piece of code running on computer with USB
connection between the computer and Arduino. Programming
language used in Arduino is just a simplified version of C++ that can
easily replace thousands of wires with words.
 PROJECT CIRCUITS
IR Module

LOA
D

Arduino
PROGRAM CODE
int LED = 13;
int isObstaclePin = 7;
int isObstacle = HIGH;
void setup()
{
pinMode(LED, OUTPUT);
pinMode(isObstaclePin, INPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop()
{
isObstacle = digitalRead(isObstaclePin);
if (isObstacle == LOW)
{ Serial.println("OBSTACLE!!, OBSTACLE!!");
digitalWrite(LED, HIGH);
}
else { Serial.println("clear");
digitalWrite(LED, LOW); }
delay(200);
 APPLICATIONS

• Industrial safety devices.

• Wheel encoder.
• Contact less tachometer.
• Blind stick
• Vehicle control etc..
 CONCLUSION
Then all I have to do is to pick-up the reflected IR light. For detecting the reflected IR light, I
going to use a very original technique: we are going to use another IR-LED, to detect the IR
light that was emitted from another led of the exact same type! This is an electrical property
of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) which is the fact that a led Produce a voltage difference across
its leads when it is subjected to light. As if it was a photo-cell, but with much lower output
current. In other words, the voltage generated by the leds can't be - in any way - used to
generate electrical power from light, It can barely be detected. that's why as you will notice in
the schematic, we are going to use a Op-Amp (operational Amplifier) to accurately detect very
small voltage changes.
THANK YOU!