GREEN TECHNOLOGY

( EN-314 )

Major report
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN INDIA

Submitted To: Submitted By:

Ms.Rajni Gupta. Mayank Kumar
Roll Number: 2K17/EN/20
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks to my teacher

Ms. Rajni Gupta for providing me with this golden opportunity
To work on this project on the topic ‘VIOLENCE AGAINST
WOMEN IN INDIA’,
Which led to me doing a lot of research and learning a lot about
Both, the content matter and the presentation of the project
report.
Further, I would like to thank my parents and friends for their
invaluable insights. I would like to extend my gratitude towards
the teachers of my department who helped me with this project.
THANK YOU.
 Table of content

1. Murders
1) Dowry death
2) Honour killing
3) Witchcraft-related murders
4) Female infanticide and sex-selective abortion
2. Sexual crimes
1) Marital rape
2)Insult to modesty
3)Human trafficking and forced prostitution
3. Domestic violence
4. Forced and child marriage
5. Acid throwing
INTRODUCTION

India is a country of 1.35 billion people and has 48.04% female population compare to 51.96% male population.

In India Sati, Sabitri, Durga, Laxmi are worshipped by people treating them as goddesses where as there is
increasing number of violence against women. The amount of violence against women has increased by many
fold due to the greater exposure of women in every field of life. Women were previously restricted to the four
walls of the houses and after globalisation they have got the chances and opportunities to stand equally in all
sectors at par with male. Women are now a days cab drivers and they are also the CEO of top companies.

It is a good sign that the patriarchal mind set of the society has changed to some extent but not to the extent it was
supposed to. It is the same mindset that restricts women to go out and work making them as a tool for
domestication. It is the same mindset that treats males as superior than female and always try to dominate the
women folk.

There are different kinds of tools that is being used by the male dominated society to prove their domination over
the female. Eve teasing, sexual harassment, rape, domestic violence against women are these weapons used by the
male to display the male superiority. This is one of the prime reason violence is increasing in India and women
safety is a concern in India.

Along with the mind set the slow pace of operation of Indian judiciary is another major reason for the increasing
women safety in India. The police of India is not efficient and not neutral and that is the reason why the cases of
violence against women takes long time in the investigation phase. In the name of social pressure and shame
many women did not come out and report the matter to police. This is one of the many reasons why the number
of cases reported are less than the actual number of violence happening against women.

It is a shame that rapes take place everyday. Rape is a disease which attacks from everywhere to everywhere. It is
an evil that has no boundaries. It is present in every nook and corner of the world. It doesn’t differentiate between
a 3-year-old kid and an 80-year-old lady. From parties to workplaces to our homes, rape and harassment have
become a norm. The survivors of these heinous crimes are then left to be humiliated throughout their life. Some
of them even spend their whole “after rape life” on ventilators or they are burnt alive.
MURDER OF WOMEN

1) Dowry death

A dowry death is the murder or suicide of a married woman caused by a dispute over her  dowry. In some cases,
husbands and in-laws will attempt to extort a greater dowry through continuous harassment and torture which
sometimes results in the wife committing suicide, or the exchange of gifts, money, or property upon marriage of a
family's daughter.

The majority of these suicides are done through hanging, poisoning or self-immolation. When a dowry death is
done by setting the woman on fire, it is called bride burning. Bride burning murder is often set up to appear to be
a suicide or accident, sometimes by setting the woman on fire in such a way that it appears she ignited while
cooking at a kerosene stove. Dowry is illegal in India, but it is still common practice to give expensive gifts to the
groom and his relatives at weddings which are hosted by the family of the bride.

2) Honour killing

An honor killing is a murder of a family member who has been considered to have brought dishonour and shame
upon the family. Examples of reasons for honor killings include the refusal to enter an arranged marriage,
committing adultery, choosing a partner that the family disapproves of, and becoming a victim of rape. Village
caste councils or khap panchayats in certain regions of India regularly pass death sentences for persons who do
not follow their diktats on caste or gotra.

The most prominent areas where honor killings occur in India are northern regions. Honor killings are especially
seen in Haryana, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Himachal Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh.

3) Witchcraft - related murders

Murders of women accused of witchcraft still occur in India. Poor women, widows, and women from lower castes
are most at risk of such killings. Rumers are spread over such women in different ways to get them killed from
the whole village and society.

4) Female infanticide and sex-selective abortion

Female infanticide is the elected killing of a newborn female child or the termination of a female fetus through
sex-selective abortion. In India, there is incentive to have a son, because they offer security to the family in old
age and are able to conduct rituals for deceased parents and ancestors. In contrast, daughters are considered to be
a social and economic burden. An example of this is dowry. The fear of not being able to pay an acceptable
dowry and becoming socially ostracised can lead to female infanticide in poorer families.

Poorer families are responsible for a higher proportion of abortions than wealthier families. Significantly more
abortions occur in rural areas versus urban areas when the first child is female

One study found that 7,997 of 8,000 abortions were of female foetus. The foetal sex determination and sex-
selective abortion by medical professionals is now Rs. 1,000 Crore industry.
SEXUAL CRIME

India is considered to be the world’s most dangerous country for sexual violence against women. Rape is one of
the most common crimes in India. Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013 defines rape as penile and non-penile
penetration in bodily orifices of a woman by a man, without the consent of the woman. According to the National
Crime Records Bureau, one woman is raped every 20 minutes in India. Incidents of reported rape increased 3%
from 2011 to 2012. Incidents of reported incest rape increased 46.8% from 268 cases in 2011 to 392 cases in
2012. Despite its prevalence, rape accounted for 10.9% of reported cases of violence against women in 2016.

Although rapes are becoming more frequently reported, many go unreported or have the complaint files
withdrawn due to the perception of family honour being compromised. Women frequently do not receive justice
for their rapes, because police often do not give a fair hearing, and/or medical evidence is often unrecorded which
makes it easy for offenders to get away with their crimes under the current laws.

Increased attention in the media and awareness among both Indians and the outside world is both bringing
attention to the issue of rape in India and helping empower women to report the crime. After international news
reported the gang rape of a 23-year-old student on a moving bus that occurred in Delhi, in December 2012, Delhi
experienced a significant increase in reported rapes. The number of reported rapes nearly doubled from 143
reported in January–March 2012 to 359 during the three months after the rape. After the Delhi rape case, Indian
media has committed to report each and every rape case.
1) Marital rape

In India, marital rape is not a criminal offense. India is one of fifty countries that have not yet outlawed marital
rape. 20% of Indian men admit to forcing their wives or partners to have sex.

2) Insult to modesty

Modesty-related violence against women includes assaults on women with intent to outrage her modesty and
insults to the modesty of women. From 2011 to 2012, there was a 5.5% increase in reported assaults on women
with intent to outrage her modesty. Madhya Pradesh had 6,655 cases, accounting for 14.7% of the national
incidents.  From 2011 to 2012, there was a 7.0% increase in reported insults to the modesty of women. Andhra
Pradesh had 3,714 cases, accounting for 40.5% of the national accounts, and Maharashtra had 3,714 cases,
accounting for 14.1% of the national accounts.

3) Human trafficking and forced prostitution

From 2011 to 2012, there was a 26.3% decrease in girls imported to India from another country.Karnataka  had 32
cases, and West Bengal had 12 cases, together accounting for 93.2% of the total cases nationwide.

From 2011 to 2012, there was a 5.3% increase in violations of the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act of 1956.
Tamil Nadu had 500 incidents, accounting for 19.5% of the total nationwide, and Andhra Pradesh had 472
incidents, accounting for 18.4% of the total nationwide.
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

Domestic violence is abuse by one partner against another in an intimate relationship such as dating,

marriage, cohabitation or a familial relationship. Domestic violence is also known as domestic abuse,

spousal abuse, battering, family violence, dating abuse and intimate partner violence (IPV). Domestic

violence can be physical, emotional, verbal, economic and sexual abuse. Domestic violence can be

subtle, coercive or violent. In India, 70% of women are victims of domestic violence.

38% of Indian men admit they have physically abused their partners.

Every 9 minutes, a case of cruelty is committed by either of husband or a relative of the

husband. Cruelty by a husband or his relatives is the greatest occurring crime against women. From

2011 to 2012, there was a 7.5% increase in cruelty by husbands and relatives. Domestic violence is

abuse by one partner against another in an intimate relationship such as dating, marriage, cohabitation or

a familial relationship. Domestic violence is also known as domestic abuse, spousal abuse, battering,

family violence, dating abuse and intimate partner violence (IPV). Domestic violence can be physical,

emotional, verbal, economic and sexual abuse. Domestic violence can be subtle, coercive or violent. In

India, 70% of women are victims of domestic violence.

Fig: Showing Cases of domestic Violence by Year

FORCED AND CHILD

MARRIAGE
Girls are vulnerable to being forced into marriage at young ages, suffering from a double vulnerability: both for

being a child and for being female. Child brides often do not understand the meaning and responsibilities of

marriage. Causes of such marriages include the view that girls are a burden for their parents, and the fear of girls

losing their chastity before marriage.

ACID THROWING
Acid throwing, also called an acid attack, a vitriol attack or vitriolage, is a form of violent assault used
against women in India. Acid attacks are usually directed at a victim's face which burns the skin causing
damage and often exposing or dissolving bone. Acid attacks can lead to permanent scarring, blindness, as
well as social, psychological and economic difficulties. At least 72% of reported acid attacks in India have
involved women. India has been experiencing an increasing trend of acid attacks over the past decade.
Some Statistics Highlighting the Crime Against Women in India
CONCLUSION
Violence against women is a social, economic, developmental, legal, educational, human rights, and health

(physical and mental) issue. It is a preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in women. The relationship

between violence against women and mental illness has not been adequately explored. Application of laws

related to violence in the setting of mental illness is difficult. Despite the social and religious sanctions

against it in all cultures, it has continued.

The world has entered into a new millennium, but from the dawn of civilization till date, the woman of the

patriarchal society of India continues to be oppressed and ill-treated. She is dependent, weak, exploited and

faces gender discrimination in every sphere of life. The gender-based violence that threatens the well-being,

dignity and rights of women, extends across social, cultural, economic and regional boundaries.

Although Indian government has made number of and laws to stop violence against women but still cases

increase every year against women and which can only be stopped by women empowerment ,by making

strict laws and by strict action of governmental agencies while Teaching our Youth and Next Generation to

Respect Women and Teaching them the values of equality and Chivalry.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Crimes Against Women" (PDF). Ncrb.gov.in. National Crime Records Bureau.
2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-09-18. Retrieved 2014-03-02.

2. India tackles domestic violence". BBC News. 2006-10-27. Retrieved 3 March

2014.

3. Oldenburg, V. T. (2002). Dowry murder: The imperial origins of a cultural crime.

Oxford University Press.

4‌ .  "honour killing - definition of honour killing in English from the Oxford

dictionary". Oxforddictionaries.com. Retrieved 2016-04-05.

5. Female foeticide in India". UNICEF. Archived from the original on 2014-12-23.

Retrieved 2016-04-05

6. Chowdhury, Renuka (26 October 2006). "India tackles domestic violence". BBC

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