INDUSTRIAL DISASTERS
DGFASLI’
DGFASLI’S Perspectives
vis-
is-a-vis Disaster
Management
S.S. Gautam & B.D. Dubey
STAKE HOLDERS
• Ministry of Environment & Forest,
• Ministry of Labour & Employment,
• Public administration,
• Town planners,
• Emergency response services
incorporating:
– Fire & Rescue Services,
– Civil Defence,
– Emergency Medical Services, etc.
ROLE OF GOVERNMENT
AGENCIES
• Incorporating required Safety &
Health measures in statutory fold,
• Enforcement of such provisions
strictly.
Assumed importance during last three
decades. Concern started after
– Explosion in Flixborough, UK -1974
(28 deaths and many injuries) &
– Toxic release of TCDD (Tetra chloro
dibenzo Dioxine) in Seveso, Italy in
the year 1976,
When the efforts were being made by
the European Union to develop some
strategy
– Explosion of LPG storages in Mexico
City -1984 &
– Toxic release of Methyl Isocyanate in
Bhopal -1984
COMPONENTS OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
• Prevention of chemical accidents,
• Containment & control systems, &
• Mitigation of damages from the
accidents.
DGFASLI ?
– Directorate General Factory Advice Service
and Labour Institutes, Mumbai under Ministry
of Labour & Employment,
– A technical arm of the Ministry on
• Matters related with safety & health of workers,
employed in
– Manufacturing and
– Port sector.
 ROLE OF DGFASLI
(is primarily preventive.)
• DGFASLI assists Ministry of Labour &
Employment in
– framing legislative measures on the
subject of safety & health.
The enforcement of safety & health statutes
in factories is done by the Labour
Departments of the State Governments /
Union Territories.
ROLE OF DGFASLI
(is primarily preventive.)
• It enforces the Dock Workers
(Safety, Health and Welfare) Act
1986 and the regulations framed
there under &
• The Manufacture, Storage and
Import of Hazardous Chemicals
Rules 1989 in 12 major ports of
the country.
The Factories (Amendment)
Act 1987
• Ministry of Labour & Employment,
with the assistance of DGFASLI,
amended the Factories Act 1948.
• Concept of hazardous process
industries was introduced.
• Provisions for prevention, control
& mitigation of impact of
Industrial Accidents were brought
in.
ROLE OF DGFASLI
(is primarily preventive.)
• The five labour institutes at Mumbai,
Kanpur, Kolkata, Chennai and
Faridabad
– Carry out the research and
development work as per the current
needs. &
– Offer technical services like
• studies, surveys, audits, education,
training programmes, seminars
etc.
ROOTS OF OF MAH SYSTEM
IN INDIA
• After the Bhopal event, the Chief of
OSH Branch of ILO visited India in
February 1985.
• During his visit a need for technical
assistance from ILO was agreed
upon.
• ILO sent a mission to India in April
1985 to identify and advise on
priorities for establishing control of
MAH in the country.
Salient features of Factories
(Amendment ) Act 1987
S.No Sectio Requirements
n
1. 41 A Constitution of Site Appraisal Committees for initial
location of hazardous process factories.
2. 41 B • Disclosure of dangers including health hazards and
the measure to overcome such hazards &
• Obligation of an occupier to draw up for a hazardous
installation:
•On site emergency plan. &
•Off site emergency plan.
• Laying down of health and safety policy.
• Providing information of nature and details of
process.
 Salient Features of Factories Salient Features of Factories
(Amendment ) Act 1987 (Amendment ) Act 1987
S.No Sectio Requirements S.No Sectio Requirements
n n
3. 41 C • Medical examination and maintenance of health 7. 41 G Promotion and cooperation of workers and the
records of the workers. managements by constitution of safety committees.
• Appointment of competent supervisors.

4. 41 D Power of Central Government to appoint an enquiry 8. 41 H Right of workers to warn about imminent dangers.
committee to investigate accident and neglect.
9. 41 I Enhancement of penalties for contravention of the
provisions of Section 41-B, 41-C and 41-H (which may
5. 41 E Laying down emergency standards on safety & extend to Rs. 2 lacs and / or imprisonment for a term
health. extending up to 7 years )

6. 41 F Laying down of permissible limits of exposure to toxic

substances

ILO Project on Controlling Major

PARTICIPANTS
Accident Hazards in India
• MOL&E, implemented first in 12 – The Central Labour Institute
selected states. (CLI), Mumbai,
• DGFASLI worked from 1986 to – Three Regional Labour
1990 in the manufacturing sector Institutes (in Calcutta, Chennai
(i.e., factories) & and Kanpur)
• Later in the port sector, from – Inspectorates of Dock Safety &
January 1991 to April 1993. – Inspectorates of Factories of
the 12 states

ELEMENTS OF THE SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING MAH IN INDIA

IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVE THREE-

THREE-TIER TECHNICAL ORGANISATION
ON MAJOR ACCIDENT HAZARD CONTROL
• At the national Level
– Setting up of a multidisciplinary advisory
division to control major accident hazards,
To strengthen the national system at Central Labour Institute, Mumbai.
for preventing occupational • At the regional Level
accidents in certain industrial – cells to control major accident hazards set
activities. up in the three Regional Labour Institutes,
i.e., in Calcutta, Chennai and Kanpur.
• AT the state level
– specialist cells set up in the headquarters of
the Inspectorates of Factories.
 ELEMENTS OF THE SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING MAH IN INDIA
FUNCTIONS
• Resource centers for the control of major
accident hazards.
• Provide technical advice and guidance on
hazardous chemicals to industry;
• Investigate major accidents;
• Inspect major accident hazard works;
• Develop technical guidelines and training
material,
• Conduct specialised training programmes on
the control of major accident hazards and
chemical safety for different target groups; and
• Conduct studies and safety audits of hazardous
operations.
RULES FOR THE CONTROL OF
MAJOR ACCIDENT HAZARDS
• Model rules on the Control of
Industrial Major Accident Hazards
(CIMAH) for notification by the
states under the Factories Act of
1948.
• Later Ministry of Environment and
Forests included these rules, as the
"Manufacture, Storage and Import of
Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989"
under the Environment (Protection)
Act of 1986.

ELEMENTS OF THE SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING MAH IN INDIA

COMPUTERIZED DATA ELEMENTS OF THE SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING MAH IN INDIA

STRENGTHENING OF THE LABOUR

BANK
• The databases on the inventories of the
hazardous chemicals, the major accident
hazard sites/works and the incidents of
major risk are updated continuously.
• Technical guidelines on various aspects of
hazard control.
– Checklists for the Inspectors to use when
performing inspections of bulk storages of
• ammonia,
• chlorine,
• liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).
• medical care in emergencies involving the ten most
common hazardous chemicals in English and Hindi
• Inspection of MAH units in Ports.
INSTITUTES AND INSPECTORATES
• Deploying officers with qualifications
and experience in chemical engineering
• Providing training in the control of major
accident hazards in India and/or abroad.
• Conduct training programmes for
– Inspectors of Factories,
– Inspectors of Dock Safety,
– technical personnel from the industry
• Technical advice to the major accident
hazard sites/works.

TRAINING STRATEGY
ONGOING ACTIVITIES
• A large number of specialised training
programmes and seminars have been held
– Inspectors from the Inspectorates of Factories • Enforcement:
and of Dock Safety;
– Senior executives; – enforcing MSIHC Rules 1989 in the
– Safety officers; 12 Major Ports of the country.
– Workers who are members of safety
committees;
– Supervisory trainers from the major accident
hazard works and port authorities;
– Trade union leaders at both the national and
regional levels.
• Training manuals were developed to provide
the background reading material needed by
these training programme participants.
 MAJOR HAZARD INSTALLATIONS Port Substan Type of Number Maximu Threshol
IN INDIAN PORTS ce Installat m d
ion Quantity Quantity
Port Substan Type of Number Maximu Threshol
ce m d
Vishak LPG Pipeli 1 111 MT 15 MT
Installat
ion Quantity Quantity hapatn ne
Mumbai Highly Storage 1 68800 10,000 am
Pipeli 1 31 MT 15 MT
Flamma MT
ble ne
Liquid stora 1 7500 15 MT
(HSD &
SKO)
ge MT
Kandla Flamma Storag 1 24254 15,000 Ammo Pipeli 1 70 60 MT
ble e MT MT
nia ne
Liquid
Morumg Ammoni Storag 1 5000 MT 60 MT Stora 1 10000 60 MT
ao a e ge MT
Kolkata None - - - -

Port Substan Type of Number Maximu Threshol Port Substan Type of Number Maximu Threshol
ce Installat m d ce Installat m d
ion Quantity Quantity ion Quantity Quantity
Cochin Ammonia storage 1 10,000 60 MT Ennore Very storage 1 48442 MT 5000 MT
MT Highly
Highly Storage 1 14100 MT 10000 MT Flammabl
Flammabl e Liquid
e Liquid (MS,
(LSHF, Benzene,
HSD) Hexane,
Flammabl Storage 31160 MT 15000 MT IPA,
e Liquid Toluene,
(LVFO,LS Naphtha,
FO, JP 5, Styrine
FO) etc.)
New Ammonia Storage 1 10,000 60 MT
Mangalor MT
e Very Storage 1 122,452 7,000 MT
Highly KL
Flammabl
e Liquid

DIRECTIVES TO DOCK
PROMOTIONAL ACTIVITIES
SAFETY INSPECTORS
• Inspection of MAH installations to be done once in a
year.
• The report to be submitted to the Chief Inspector of
Dock Safety (DGFASLI) within a fortnight.
• Annual report of the inspectorate to be submitted.
• Improvement advices to be given in consultation with
Chief Inspector of Dock Safety (CIDS).
• identification of the installations as MAH to be done
within 30 days after receipt of the applications.
• The major accidents to be reported to CIDS. The
analysis to be completed with 45 days.
• Scrutiny of the mock drill reports to be done within 15
days.
• Liaise with the District authority for preparation of off
site emergency plan.
The MHCS Divisions and Cells, at Central
and Regional Labour Institutes carry out:
– Consultancy services on Hazard identification
and Assessment by HAZOP, PHA, Safety Audit,
etc.
– Risk and Consequence analysis of potential
major accidents.
– Training programmes on Chemical Process
Safety for
• Safety Professionals,
• Factory Inspectors,
• Workers representatives of Safety Committee
• management personnel etc.
 STATUS OF MAH INSTALLATIONS STATUS OF MAH INSTALLATIONS
(FACTORIES) (FACTORIES)

• 1724 MAH installations in the • 1724 MAH installations in the

country with 203 hazardous
substances
• 1461 have prepared onsite
emergency plans till 31st July,
2009.
country with 203 hazardous
substances
• 1461 have prepared onsite
emergency plans till 31st July,
2009.

SUGGESTED FUTURE ROAD

MAP
THANK YOU
• Minimize any possibility of a
chemical disaster by
– Ensuring that MAH units have adopted
all reasonably practicable means to
prevent any accident in the plant. ?
– Adopting adequate means to educate
public about the hazards and the
emergency response procedures.
– Promoting coordination amongst the S.S. Gautam
various agencies dealing with the
chemical disasters