Chapter: 11

Regulatory Requirements
Subodh Sharma Gautam
(MSc Urban Planning, MBA Finance, BE Civil)
 Safety Requirement
Definition of an accident
An unplanned and unexpected occurrence which upsets
the planned sequence of events and actions, resulting in
the loss of production, injury to the person and damage
to plants and equipment is known as accident.
Importance of Safety
• Humanitarian Reasons
• Economic Reasons
• Organizational Image
• Laws and Regulation
 Causes of Accidents
In construction industry there are many causes of
accidents. Broadly the causes of accidents may be
classified as follows:
• Physical causes B. Physiological causes
• Psychological causes
Physical causes
• Under the head physical causes following factors may be
grouped:
1. relating to machines 2. Relating to tools
3. Relating to materials 4. Relating to uniform
5. Relating to environment 6. Fixing unsuitable time table
 Causes Relating to Machines
• The working space for the machines may be
inadequate
• The machines not being properly placed or
adjusted
• Unsuitable machines being properly guarded
• The machines not being properly guarded
• The electric motor of the machine not properly
insulated
 Causes Relating to Tools
• Due to constant use, the tools being blunt and
worn out
• Tools employed on the job being too small for the
job
• Tools used may be of brittle nature and break
suddenly, for example blades of a circular saw
• The handle of the tool may be too short or loose
• Tools used may be unsuitable for the job
 Causes Relating to Materials
• Materials used may be poisonous and dangerous
as acids and some salts etc.
• The material may be too hot as tar or bitumen at
the time of use of road construction and no proper
precautions taken
• Explosives, petroleum products and brittle
materials being handled carelessly.
• Not adopting proper precautions while cleaning
sewer etc. which emit foul gases.
 Causes Relating to Uniform
• The uniform may be loose
• The shoes may be slippery and loose
• No protective device being used while working on
welding job
• The sleeves of shirt being without buttons
 Causes Relating to Environment
• Poor lighting arrangement at the site of work
• Poor ventilation and unhygienic conditions at the
site of work
• Non- insulated wires left carelessly
• Loose electric cables.
• Obstacles in the working area
• Floor being sleepy
• Building used being unsafe
• Use of unsuitable i.e. weak or short ladder
• External Disturbances as Noise
• Loose discipline among workers
 Physiological Cause
• Poor eye sight
• Over work
• Poor health
• Old age
• Intoxication
• Physical handicapness
 Psychological cause
• This cause is due to mental condition of workers
• Mental tension and worry
• Emotional attitude
• Nervousness
• Over confidence
• Fear
 Safety Measures (Regulations)
• Safety measures required in the following areas of
construction---
– Excavation
– Scaffolding, ladders and formworks
– Hot bitumen works
– Demolition works
– Drilling and blasting works
 Safety Measures (Regulations)
• Approach to improve safety in construction work
– Organizational approach
• Safety committee
• Development of safety system
• Incentives
– Physical approach
– Behavioral approach
• Safety Control Devices
– Danger sign and signals
– Caution sign and signals
– Informative sign and signals
 Safety Measures (Regulations)
• Safety code of practice
– the occupational safety and health association (OSHA)
act of USA
– The health and safety at work ACT 1974, UK
– ILO convention and recommendation, 1981
– Labor Act 2074, Nepal (Safety and Health Committee as
per section 74)
– Labor Rules 2075, Nepal
 Workman’s Compensation Board
• Compensation--- all forms of pay or rewards going
to employees arising from their employment.
Compose of money received in the performance
of work, plus the many kinds of benefits and
services that organizations provide to their
employees.
• Types of compensations-------
– Wage and salary
– Incentives
– Benefits
– Services
 Fire Regulation and Insurance
• Provisional Recommendation, Fire Safety NBC 107, 1994
– Provides fundamental requirements for fire safety in ordinary
buildings not for other type buildings
– Provision of fire places in buildings
– Provision of fire extinguishers
– Provision of fire zones in urban areas
– Provision of proper access (wide doors, fire escape for every
building more than five storeys having a minimum width of
75cm, minimum tread 20cm and maximum riser 19cm and no.
of riser per flight shall not be more than 15 and open spaces)
– Stairs--- minimum width 90 cm for residential, 1.5m for others,
distance from any point in a passageway to a staircase in a
building shall not exceed 20m.
– Access to building and exit doors
 Fire Regulation and Insurance
• Fire insurance
– Governed by Nepal fire tariff 2058, Nepal
– To constitute fire under fire policy,
• there should be actual ignition
• Should be fortuitous/ accident in nature
• The property destroyed or damaged should be on fire in
general way
– Fire insurance policy covers two perils: FIRE and
LIGHTENING
– Other perils---- covered by paying additional premium
– Explosion, flood and inundation, storm, cyclone,
hurricane, strike, malicious damage, subsidence and
landslides, earthquake fire and shock, aircraft damage
 Environmental Concerns
• Environmental laws----- those rules, norms, values
and practices which relate primarily to protection
of the whole or part of the environment such as
air, water and land against pollution and misuse and
the protection of ecosystem.
• Environmental Protection Act (EPA) 1997 (2053 BS),
Environmental Protection Rule (EPR) 1997 (2054 BS)
are providing legal provisions in order to maintain
clean and healthy environment by minimizing as
far as possible, adverse impact likely to be caused
from environmental degradation on human beings,
wildlife, plants, nature and physical objects
 Features of EPA
• Provision of IEE and EIA and procedure of getting approval to implement proposal in
section 3,4,5 & 6
• Section 7, prevention and control of pollution
• Section 8 of the Act talks about appointment of the ‘Environment Inspector’ for effectively
carrying out the acts of mitigation, avoidance or control of pollutions.
• Section 9 of the Act talks about protection of national heritage.
• Section 10 of the Act has enforced a provision which authorizes GoN to declare any area
containing natural heritage or aesthetic and rare wildlife, biological diversity, plant and
places of historical and cultural importance, which are extremely important from view
point of environment protection, as ‘Environment Protection Area’.
• The Act contains provision for establishment of laboratories to help the act for
environment protection and pollution control.
• The Act contains a provision of compensation to the sufferer or plaintiff of the pollution
or any act adverse to the healthy and hygienic environment from the person or
organization doing such act.
• The Act talks about establishment and operation of ‘Environment Protection Fund’ which
shall be utilized for environment protection and pollution control.
• The Act empowers Ministry of Environment to prohibit the use of any matter, fuel,
equipment or plant which creates adverse effects on the environment and authorizes MoE
to approve all EIA reports.
 Shortcomings of EPA
• The Act has not recognized the public participation in a
well and effective way in the context of carrying out EIA
and IEE, though there is a provision of notification and
feedback collection mechanism from the local public.
• Prevention and control of pollution provision of the act
is not effective and almost dead in practice.
• No appointment of Environment Inspectors till date.
• No separate section for bio diversity conservation.
• Laboratories have not been established till date.
• No ‘Environment Protection Fund’ till date.
• Provision of Punishment must be reviewed and limit
should be fixed scientifically and logically.
 Background of Nepal National Building Code

• Then Department of Urban Development and Building Construction

(DUDBC) of the Ministry of Physical Planning and Works (MPPW)
now (under the Ministry of Urban Development) developed the
Nepal National Building Code (NBC) in 1993 with the assistance of
the UNDP and UN-HABITAT
• NBC went into force when the Building Construction System
Improvement Committee (Established by the Building Act 1998)
authorized MPPW to implement the code.
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 Background of Nepal National Building Code
• The ministry published a notice in the Gazette in 2006 and the
implementation of NBC became mandatory in all Municipalities and
some VDCs in Nepal
• Prior to the formal entry into force of the code, in 2002 LSMC
initiated the implementation of NBC
• KMC followed in 2006 and Dharan Municipality in 2007.
• Nepal National Building Code has 23 parts. The first part NBC 000 is
“Requirement for State-of-the Art Design: An Introduction”, which
lays out general provisions of the individual building codes.
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 Background of Nepal National Building Code
• NBC 000 categorizes the design and construction of building into 4 types according to
their level of sophistication
– International state-of-the-art (if consultants ensures that their designs meet the
corresponding international standards)
– Professionally engineered structures – (covers all usual structures such as hospitals,
meeting halls, factories, warehouses, multi-storey buildings and residential buildings)
– Building of restricted size designed to simple Rule-of-Thumb- (mostly applied to
remote areas where simpler buildings are prominent)
– Remove rural buildings where control is impractical – (for structures normally of
earthen construction considerations were made for dozen typical building styles and
prepared diagrams, descriptions aimed at technical advisors, house owners and lay-
men)
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Hierarchy of NBC according to their
application/use

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Procedure for implementation of NBC in
Nepal

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