SITI SARAH BINTI MD RASHID

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a) As an engineer who is problem solver who apply their knowledge in enhancing human
life, it is highly demand to consider the element of sustainability as it is cost- efficient and
support human and natural environments. Besides that, technology should be an important
part of engineering, as such, an architect who can use his skills to lead society from
destruction to a prosperous and hopeful tomorrow.

b) Waste management is a critical filed contributing to a country’s economic position and

people’s lifestyle. According to Tchobanoglous, the management of solid management can
be described as a discipline related to the control of the production, storage, processing,
transport, transformation and disposal of solid waste. And as a process engineer, the
appropriate solution that I will take as the solutions are
1. Material reuse
2. Waste reduction
3. Pollution prevention
4. Product enhancement

c) A significant move must be made in moving from fossil fuels into low-carbon
alternatives, since carbon dioxide emissions account for two-thirds of all greenhouse gases.
Advancement in the area of renewable energy, in particular, would accelerate this energy
change. In 2017, one fourth of the world’s electricity was generated from renewables. Yet,
this transition was not dominate fast enough, despite three years of steady CO 2 emissions
from 2014 to 2016, they grew by 1.4% in 2017. Resource quality needs to be looked at in
the light of sustainable growth. There is a clear connection between the quality of life and
how countries handle their limited natural resources. Resource-efficient countries provide a
higher degree of growth, lower cost efficiency and low environmental effects, thus offering
several incentives for increasing sustainability and healthy lifestyles.
1. Social - organizational effect on staff, the society, clients, vendors, partners, the press,
the media
2. Economic - financial results improvement focused on corporate values and legislation
3. Environment - relates to the environmental effects of the organization by the procedures
and actions that they carry out

d) Hydrogen fuel cell systems may play a significant role in companies pursuing
sustainable growth, especially by increasing the use of renewable energy and the related
environmental impact and efficiency reduction. An integrated approach involving research
and innovation, technology evaluation, product standards and technology transfer is useful
to incorporate the energy, reliability and environmental advantages of hydrogen fuel cell
systems. In order to authorize the statements by Brundtland commission, there are 12
principles of sustainable engineering that is need to follow, like
SITI SARAH BINTI MD RASHID
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1. it is crucial to minimized dangers by reduction of intrinsic hazards

2. Strive to ensure that waste minimization over waste management by propose a good
designing that involved lower expenses in disposal and purchasing
3. Be creative and innovate while designing a product which can be reuse and recycle.
4. Renewable rather that depleting – material and energy inputs should be renewable rather
than depleting
5. ‘Afterlife’ usage – design or plan a products or systems that can be used ‘afterlife’
6. Integrate material and energy flows – design of products and systems must include
integration and interconnectivity with available energy and material flows
7. Minimize material diversity – multicomponent product that consists material diversity
should be minimized for cost efficient
8. Meet need, minimize excess – strive to design a product or processes that one size fits all
9. Durability rather than immortality – setup a goal such as ‘targeted durability, not
immortality’
10. Conserve complexity – embedded entropy and complexity must be viewed as an
investment when making design choices on 3R
11. Output - pulled vs input pushed –
12. Maximize efficiency – strive to ensure that the designed product is in maximize mass,
energy and space