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4/26/2017 Combined Footing Design With Solved Example | Engineering Intro
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 Jalal Afsar  October 7, 2013  Reinforced
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COMBINED FOOTING PROBLEM
STATEMENT
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Shear Force
& Bending
Design a rectangular combined footing to support two
Moment
columns shown above. The edge column on the left has
Diagram of
a section of 16” x 16” and carries dead & live load of 175
Simply Supported
kips & 110 kips respectively. The interior column has a
Beam
section of 20” x 20” & carries dead & live load of 220 kips
October 16, 2014
& 120 kips respectively. The allowable soil pressure is 5.5
ksf (kips per square foot) and the bottom of footing is 5 ft. Cement

http://www.engineeringintro.com/concrete/reinforcedconcrete/combinedfootingdesignexample/ 1/11
below the ºnal grade. Using f’c = 4 ksi & Fy = 60 ksi.

ENGINEERING INTRO
Design the footing using ACI Strength design method. Manufacturing Process
August 30, 2012
___________________________________________________________________
Steps In
Construction
COMBINED FOOTING PROBLEM of
SOLUTION : Building
Residential
STEP 1: LOCATE THE RESULTANT OF

May 3, 2015
LOADS ‘R’. Centroid of

Trapezium
___________________________________________________________________ March 10, 2013
Next »
Taking moments about center line of left column. The
distance of resultant from property line.
x̄. R = (200 + 120) × 16

CATEGORIES
x̄(175 + 110 + 220 + 120) = (340) × 16
Select Category
[bar{x} = frac{340*16}{625}]
340×16
x̄ =
625
The distance of resultant from property line is;
= 2+ 8.704 = 10.704′
In order to have resultant at the middle of footing, the

length of footing should be;
L= 10.704 x 2 = 21.41′
Now resultant of applied loads coincides with resultant

of upward soil pressure.
STEP 2 : DETERMINE THE TOTAL

AREA OF FOOTING
___________________________________________________________________
First ºnd the e ective depth of footing


Assume a total depth of footing = 36”

ENGINEERING INTRO
d = Total Depth – Concrete cover – bar dia
d = 36-3 -1.5 = 31.5”

Total applied load = 175 +110 + 220 + 120 = 625 kips.
Net Upward Soil Pressure
36 24
N et U pward P ressure = 5500 – × 150 + × 120
12 12
Net Upward Soil Pressure = 4810 psf = 4.810 ksf
Required Area of footing = 628/4.810 = 130 ft²
Width of footing = 130 / Length of footing = 130 / 21.41
Width of footing = 6.07′ take 6.5′
We have chosen a footing with the length of 21.41′ and

width of 6.5′, giving an area of 139.165 sq.ft .
STEP 3 : DETERMINE FACTORED

UPWARD PRESSURE
__________________________________________________________________
Pu (Left Column) = 1.2 x 175 + 1.6 x 110 = 210 + 176
Pu (Left Column) =386 Kips
Pu (Right Column) = 102 x 220 + 1.6 x 120 = 264 +176
Pu ( Right Column) = 456 Kips
Net Factored soil pressure = qu = (386 +456)/139.16 =

6.05 ksf
STEP 4: DRAW FACTORED SHEAR

FORCE DIAGRAM & BENDING
MOMENT DIAGRAM 
__________________________________________________________________
ENGINEERING INTRO
Considering the footing as a beam of 21.4′ span
supported on two columns and subjected to a uniform
upward pressure of
6.05 x 6.5 = 39.325 k/ft
Va + Vb = 39.325 x 21.41 = 841.95 Kips
∑Ma = 0 Vb x 16 = 39.325 x 21.41 x[(21.41/2) - 2)]
Vb = 458.07 Kips (look at shear force diagram i.e. already

plotted)
Va = 841.95 – 458.07 = 383.87 Kips ( As shown in the

below diagram)
Vu (at outer face of left column) = 39.325 x ( 2 – 0.66)
Vu = – 52.69 Kips
Vu(at inner face of left column) = 39.325x(2+0.66) –

383.87
Vu = +279.26 Kips
Vu(at outer face of right column) = 39.325x( 3.41- 0.833)
Vu(at outer face of right column) = + 101.34 kips
Vu(at inner face of right column) = 39.325 x (3.41 + 0.833)

– 458.07
Vu(at inner face of right column) = – 291.22 Kips
So, Shear force diagram can be plotted. Now locate a

point of zero shear. Compare similar triangles or write a 
generalized shear force expression for mid span and set

ENGINEERING INTRO
it to zero.
279.26 291.22
=
x 14.51−x

X = 7.10′
STEP 5: DRAW FACTORED BENDING

MOMENT DIAGRAM
___________________________________________________________________
Moment at the outer face of left column;
M = 39.325x[(2-0.66)/2]^2 = – 35.306 k-ft
Moment at the outer face of right column;
M = 39.325x[(3.41 - 0.833)/2]² = -130.57 k-ft
Maximum Positive Moment;
M = -39.325 x [(2+7.1 + 0.66)/2]² + 383.87 x(7.1 + 0.66)
M = – 1873 + 2978.83
M = + 1105.83 K-ft.

ENGINEERING INTRO
Now we will check the depth of footing for one way

shear and two way shear.
STEP 6: CHECK DEPTH OF FOOTING

FOR ONE WAY SHEAR
__________________________________________________________________
From shear force diagram, maximum shear occurs at the

critical sections, located at a distance ”d” from the interior
face of right column, as shown in the loading diagram
above.
Vu (at critical Section) = 291.22 – 39.325 x (31.5/2)
Vu(at critical section) = 188 Kips
d =Vu/Φ2b√f’c = 188×1000/0.75x2x6.5×12*√4000
d = 25.4”< 31.5 ”
Hence, depth of footing is adequate against one way

shear.
STEP 7: CHECK FOR TWO WAY

SHEAR
___________________________________________________________________
Two way shear or punching shear can be determined

from critical perimeter b0.

FOR INTERIOR COLUMN;

ENGINEERING INTRO
b0 = 4x(c + d) = 4 x (20 + 31.5)
b0 = 17.17 ft. C + d = (20 + 31.5) / 12 = 4.29 ft.

Shear at d/2 from all sides of this column is;
Vu = Pu – qu (C + d)^2
Vu = 456 – 6.05(4.29)^2
Vu = 344.65 Kips
d =Vu/Φ(4√f’c)b0 = (344 x 1000)/0.75(4x√4000)x 17.17x 12
d = 8.81” <31.5” →ok
The Depth of footing is adequate with respect to two way

shear or punching shear.
STEP 8: CHECK THE DEPTH OF

MOMENT & CALCULATE REQUIRED
MOMENT:
____________________________________________________________________
From Bending moment diagram:
Maximum bending moment = 1105.83 k-ft
The depth would be adequate
Mu/Φbd² = (1105.83 x 1000)/ (0.9 x 6.5 x 12 x 31.5²) =

190.51 psi.
ρ = (0.85xf’c)/fy[1- √1 - (2Mu)/Φbd²/0.85f'c) ]
ρ = (0.85 x 4)/60 [1 - √1 - (2 x 190.5)/ 0.85 x 4000 ]
ρ = 0.00322 As = ρbd = 0.00322 x 6.5 x 12 x 31.5
As = 7.91 in²

ρmin = 0.0018
ENGINEERING INTRO
As min = ρmin x bd = 0.0018 x 6.5 x 12 x 36
As min = 5.05 in.

Choose 8 #9- bars (As = 7.91 in²)
BAR SPACING:
____________
S = (6.5 x12 – 2 x3)/ 8 S = 10.28”
These bars are extended between the columns at top of

footing with concrete cover of 3” as place minimum
reinforcement corresponding to temperature and
shrinkage reinforcement, corresponding to minimum
area of 5.5 in². Use (7 #8 bars) they provide an area (As = 5
in²).
Place this reinforcement at the bottom of projecting ends

of footings beyond columns to take care of positive
moments (see the bending moment diagram). Extend
these bars by a development length beyond sides of the
columns.
DEVELOPMENT LENGTH (LD) FOR TOP

BARS = 1.3 LD = 1.3 X 54 LD = 70″
Reinforcement in the short direction.

Now calculate the bending moment in shorter direction.

ENGINEERING INTRO
The reinforcement under each column is to placed within
a maximum band width equal to column width plus twice
the e·ective depth of footing.
Delhi to Delhi to
Chennai Chennai
₹ 5,008 ₹ 5,112
Delhi to Chennai to
Chennai Singapore
₹ 5,112 ₹ 8,337
Via.com
Use full width of 6.5 ft as band width for concentrating

reinforcement under;
LEFT COLUMN
_____________
Net Upward Pressure = Pu1/ width of footing = 386/6.5
Net Upward Pressure = 59.38 k/ft
Distance from free end to the face of left column. 2 –

8/12 = 1.33′
Mu at the face of left column. = 59.38 x (1.33)²/2 = 52.51 K-

ft.
Assume jd = 0.9d d = 31.5″
Mu = ΦTjd = ΦAsfy jd As = Mu/ Φfyjd = (52.51 x 12000)/(0.9

x 60,000 x 0.9 x 31.5”)
As = 0.411 in² → Provide (As)min = 7 #8 bars (5.05 in²)
RIGHT COLUMN 
_______________
ENGINEERING INTRO
Net Upward Pressure under Right column = Pu2/ Width
of footing = 456 / 6.5
Net Upward Pressure = 70.15 K/ft
Mu at face of right column = 70.15 x (2.57)²/2 = 231.66 k-ft.
As = (231.66 x 12000)/(0.9 x 60,000 x 28.35)
As = 1.81 in² → Provide minimum As = 7 # 8 bars (5.5 in²)
Related Posts
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4/26/2017 Combined Footing Design With Solved Example | Engineering Intro

About Privacy Policy    

CONCRETE  TRANSPORTATION  MECHANICS  STATISTICS 

 Home > Reinforced Concrete > Combined Footing SEARCH

Combined Footing Search

below the ºnal grade. Using f’c = 4 ksi & Fy = 60 ksi.

STEP 1: LOCATE THE RESULTANT OF

LOADS ‘R’. Centroid of

x̄. R = (200 + 120) × 16

The distance of resultant from property line is;

In order to have resultant at the middle of footing, the

Now resultant of applied loads coincides with resultant

STEP 2 : DETERMINE THE TOTAL

First ºnd the e ective depth of footing

Assume a total depth of footing = 36”

d = 36-3 -1.5 = 31.5”

Total applied load = 175 +110 + 220 + 120 = 625 kips.

Net Upward Soil Pressure

Net Upward Soil Pressure = 4810 psf = 4.810 ksf

Required Area of footing = 628/4.810 = 130 ft²

Width of footing = 130 / Length of footing = 130 / 21.41

Width of footing = 6.07′ take 6.5′

We have chosen a footing with the length of 21.41′ and

STEP 3 : DETERMINE FACTORED

Pu (Left Column) = 1.2 x 175 + 1.6 x 110 = 210 + 176

Pu (Left Column) =386 Kips

Pu (Right Column) = 102 x 220 + 1.6 x 120 = 264 +176

Pu ( Right Column) = 456 Kips

Net Factored soil pressure = qu = (386 +456)/139.16 =

STEP 4: DRAW FACTORED SHEAR

6.05 x 6.5 = 39.325 k/ft

Va + Vb = 39.325 x 21.41 = 841.95 Kips

∑Ma = 0 Vb x 16 = 39.325 x 21.41 x[(21.41/2) - 2)]

Vb = 458.07 Kips (look at shear force diagram i.e. already

Va = 841.95 – 458.07 = 383.87 Kips ( As shown in the

Vu (at outer face of left column) = 39.325 x ( 2 – 0.66)

Vu(at inner face of left column) = 39.325x(2+0.66) –

Vu(at outer face of right column) = 39.325x( 3.41- 0.833)

Vu(at outer face of right column) = + 101.34 kips

Vu(at inner face of right column) = 39.325 x (3.41 + 0.833)

Vu(at inner face of right column) = – 291.22 Kips

So, Shear force diagram can be plotted. Now locate a

generalized shear force expression for mid span and set

CONCRETE  TRANSPORTATION  MECHANICS  STATISTICS 

STEP 5: DRAW FACTORED BENDING

Moment at the outer face of left column;

M = 39.325x[(2-0.66)/2]^2 = – 35.306 k-ft

Moment at the outer face of right column;

M = 39.325x[(3.41 - 0.833)/2]² = -130.57 k-ft

Maximum Positive Moment;

M = -39.325 x [(2+7.1 + 0.66)/2]² + 383.87 x(7.1 + 0.66)

CONCRETE  TRANSPORTATION  MECHANICS  STATISTICS 

Now we will check the depth of footing for one way

STEP 6: CHECK DEPTH OF FOOTING

From shear force diagram, maximum shear occurs at the

Vu (at critical Section) = 291.22 – 39.325 x (31.5/2)

Vu(at critical section) = 188 Kips

Hence, depth of footing is adequate against one way

STEP 7: CHECK FOR TWO WAY

Two way shear or punching shear can be determined

FOR INTERIOR COLUMN;

b0 = 17.17 ft. C + d = (20 + 31.5) / 12 = 4.29 ft.

Shear at d/2 from all sides of this column is;

d =Vu/Φ(4√f’c)b0 = (344 x 1000)/0.75(4x√4000)x 17.17x 12