Cutting

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to navigation
Jump to search
For other uses, see Cutting (disambiguation).
See also: self-harm, laceration, and Trim (disambiguation)
Different types of scissors – sewing (left), paper (middle), kitchen (right)
A glass cutter, showing hardened steel cutting wheel (far left), notches for
snapping, and ball (on end of handle) for tapping

Cutting is the separation or opening of a physical object, into two or more

portions, through the application of an acutely directed force.

Implements commonly used for cutting are the knife and saw, or in medicine and
science the scalpel and microtome. However, any sufficiently sharp object is
capable of cutting if it has a hardness sufficiently larger than the object being
cut, and if it is applied with sufficient force. Even liquids can be used to cut
things when applied with sufficient force (see water jet cutter).

Cutting is a compressive and shearing phenomenon, and occurs only when the total
stress generated by the cutting implement exceeds the ultimate strength of the
material of the object being cut. The simplest applicable equation is:

stress = force area {\displaystyle {\text{stress}}={{\text{force}} \over

{\text{area}}}} {\displaystyle {\text{stress}}={{\text{force}} \over
{\text{area}}}} or τ = F A {\displaystyle \tau ={\frac {F}{A}}} {\displaystyle \tau
={\frac {F}{A}}}

The stress generated by a cutting implement is directly proportional to the force

with which it is applied, and inversely proportional to the area of contact.[1]
Hence, the smaller the area (i.e., the sharper the cutting implement), the less
force is needed to cut something. It is generally seen that cutting edges are
thinner for cutting soft materials and thicker for harder materials. This
progression is seen from kitchen knife, to cleaver, to axe, and is a balance
between the easy cutting action of a thin blade vs strength and edge durability of
a thicker blade.
Metal cutting

Cutting has been at the core of manufacturing throughout history. For metals many
methods are used and can be grouped by the physical phenomenon used. It is the
process of producing a work piece by removing unwanted material from a block of
metal, in the form of chips.

Chip forming (material removal processes) – sawing, drilling, milling, turning

etc.
Shearing – punching, stamping, scissoring, blanking
Abrasive material removal – grinding, lapping, polishing, water-jet
Heat – flame cutting, plasma cutting, laser cutting
Electrochemical – etching, electrical discharge machining (EDM), electrical
chemical machining (ECM)

Every method has its limitations in accuracy, cost, and effect on the material. For
example, heat may damage the quality of heat treated alloys, and laser cutting is
less suitable for highly reflective materials such as aluminum.[2] Laser cutting
sheet metal produces flat parts and etches and engraves parts from complex or
simple designs. It is used over other cutting options for its quick process and
customizable abilities.[3]
See also
 Tearing
Machining
Knife sharpening

References

"Basic Studies Of Stress And Strain" (PDF). www.freestudy.co.uk. Archived (PDF)

from the original on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
"FAQ: What are the problems with laser cutting of aluminium and how do I overcome
them?". www.twi-global.com. Archived from the original on 2016-01-21. Retrieved
2016-02-05.

"Laser Etching & Cutting Services". HPL Stampings. Archived from the original
on 2016-03-25. Retrieved 2016-02-05.

External links

Atkins, Tony (2006). "Optimum blade configurations for the cutting of soft
solids". Engineering Fracture Mechanics. 73 (16): 2523–2531.
doi:10.1016/j.engfracmech.2006.06.006.
How stuff works – Handsaws
Etching vs. traditional metal machining

vte

Cutting and abrasive tools

Abrasive saw Axe Blade Bandsaw Bolt cutter Broach Ceramic tile cutter Chainsaw
Circular saw Chisel Coping saw Countersink Cutting tool Diagonal pliers Diamond
blade Diamond tool Drawknife Drill bit Emery cloth File Fretsaw Froe Glass cutter
Grater Grinding wheel Hacksaw Hand saw Hole saw Incisor Knife Laser Lawn mower
Machete Meat slicer Mezzaluna Milling cutter Miter saw Nail clipper Nibbler Pencil
sharpener Pipecutter Pizza cutter Plasma cutter Plane Pocket knife Rasp Razor
Reamer Sandpaper Saw Scalpel Scissors Snips Steel wool Surform Switchblade Tool bit
Utility knife Water jet cutter Wire brush Wire stripper

Types of tools
Cleaning
Cutting and abrasive
Forestry
Garden
Hand
Machine and metalworking
Measuring and alignment
Power

Categories:

Cutting

Navigation menu

Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
 Article
Talk

Read
Edit
View history

Search

Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store

Interaction

Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page

Tools

What links here

Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page

In other projects

Wikimedia Commons

Print/export

Download as PDF
Printable version

Languages

‫العربية‬
Deutsch
Español
Français
한국어
Bahasa Indonesia
日本語
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
Русский

Edit links
 This page was last edited on 15 January 2020, at 14:32 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;
additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and
Priv