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ages play Erickson Piaget Gross & fine motor skills Others

1 month to Solitary Play Trust vs. Sensorimotor – birth Gross Motor Fine Motor Skills: Posterior fontanel closes
Infant 1 year Play should Mistrust to 24 months. Skills: within 6-8 weeks
provide Reflex stage 1 mo – Demonstrates Has a strong grasp Anterior fontanel closes
head lag reflex
interpersonal Separation Rooting, sucking Holds hands in an
within 12-18 months
2 mos – Lifts head off
contact anxiety 4-8 mos mattress when prone open position
and educational Infants progress from 3 mos – Raises head No longer has a group Crying is the first verbal
stimulation. Stranger anxiety reflexive to simple and shoulders off reflex. Keeps hands communication
mattress when prone. loosely open
Rattles 6-8 mos repetitive to
Only slight head lag.
soft toys imitative activities. I Grasps objects with Vocalizations by 6 weeks
4 mos – Rolls from
teething toys Achieving this important tasks back to side both hands
patty cake task is based on accomplished in this 5 mos – Rolls from Uses palmar grasp Coo, gurgle, laugh aloud
balls the quality of stage. front to back dominantly at 3 to 4 months;
6 mos – Rolls from Holds bottle
books caregiver-infant recognizes parents voice
back to front
mirrors relationship. The Separation/Anaclitic: 7 mos – Bears full Moves objects from
bright/colorful infant begins to Infants learn to weight on feet. Sits, hand to hand Imitate sounds and add
toys learn delayed separate selves from leaning forward on consonants at 8 months
blocks. gratification. other objects in both hands
8 mos – Sits Begins using pincer
Avoid small Failure to do so environment. grasp Comprehend “no”;
unsupported
toys/choking leads to mistrust. 9 mos – Pulls to a Has a crude pincer follow commands at 9 to
hazards Object permanence: standing position. grasp 10 months
Trust is Infants learn that an Creeps on hands and Dominant hand
knees instead of preference evident
developed by object still exists Ascribe meaning to a
crawling.
meeting comfort, even when it is out of 10 mos – Changes Grasps rattle by its word at 10 to 11 months
feeding, sight (begins at 6 from a prone to a handle
stimulation mos and developed sitting position Three to five words with
11 mos – Cruises or Places objects into a
and caring at 9-10mos) meaning by age 1 year
walks while holding container
needs. Neat pincer grasp
onto something,
Mental walks with one hand Nocturnal pattern of 9 to
Mistrust Representation: held 11 hours by 3 to 4
develops if The ability to 12 mos – Sits down Tries to build a two- months
from a standing block tower without
these needs are recognize and use success
position without
not met. symbols. assistance. Can turn pages in Total daily sleep: 15
book hours
Toddler 1 to 3 years Onlooker/paralle Autonomy vs. Sensorimotor Gross Motor Fine Motor Skills: TEMPER TANTRUMS
l shame and progressing to Skills:
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doubt preoperational 15 mos: Walks Uses a cup well Favorite word: “No”
Imitation without help, Builds a tower of
Toddlers use Imitation and Creeps up stairs two blocks Comprehend 300 words-
Little emphasis on negativism/ domestic mimicry are use 2 or 3 word phrases
gender negative common 18 mos: Runs Manages a spoon by age 2
stereotyped toys responses to clumsily; falls without rotation
express Awareness of causal often. Throws a Turns pages in a 3 yrs.: simple sentences
Increased independence relationships ball overhand. book, two or & acquire 5-6 new words
locomotive skills between two events Jumps in place three at a time. per day
with both feet. Builds tower of
Educational toys Learns spatial Pulls and pushes three or four Gender identity by age 3
and book relationships toys blocks Picky eater- request
favorite foods (food
Tactile play 2 years: Walks up Builds tower of preference).
and down stairs six or seven
by placing both blocks one at a Growth: steplike
feet on each step time. Turns
pages of books Drinks an average of 24
one at a time. to 30 ounces of milk per
day and eats 1 cup of
2.5 years: Jumps Draws circles fruit per day.
across the floor Has good hand-
and off a chair or finger Toilet training – a major
step using both coordination developmental task
feet. Stands on
one foot High risk for poisoning
momentarily.
Takes a few steps Associate w/ own gender
on tiptoe
Explorers/ curious

Sleeps for 11 to 12 hours

per day

Preschooler 3 to 6 years Associative play Initiative vs. Preoperational: Gross Motor Fine Motor Skills: Self concept: feel good
Guilt Intuitive thought mastering skills allows
Skills:
independence
Play not Refinement in stress may cause regress
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organized Chief Shifts from 3 yr old: Rides a eye-hand and behaviors

psychosocial task egocentric thought vocabulary - 2100 by end 5th
tricycle muscle
year speak sentences- 3 to 4
Cooperation does of the preschool to social awareness Jumps off bottom coordination: words age
exist between period step Drawing, 3&4
children Able to consider Stands on foot for dressing, artwork, 4 & 5 words, enjoy talking
Feelings of guilt, other viewpoints a few seconds skillful
Body image: recognizes
ex. playing ball, anxiety, and fear manipulation difference in appearance
playing pretend may result from 4 yr old: Skips and acceptable and
address up, role thoughts that hops on one foot unacceptable
playing, hand differ from Throws ball age 5 compare themselves
puppets, painting, expected with peers
overhead
injections and cuts frighten
simple sewing, behavior Catches ball them
reading books, reliably important to use band-aids.
wading pools, Development of
sandboxes, superego 5 yr old: Jump less separation anxiety
change is tolerated but may
skating rope develop imaginary fears
Learning right Walks backward
from wrong; with heel to toe favorite toys or blanket can
moral Throws and help fears
pretend play healthy
development catches a ball
with ease Preschoolers have 5
serving of fruits and
vegetables

2 hours or less screen time

0 sugar sweetened beverages

1 hour physical play

sleep rest - 12 hours sleep/day
sleep problems may occur
difficulty going to sleep to
night terrors

Magical thinkers Imaginary

friends
School Age 6 to 12 Cooperative and Industry vs. Concrete Operations Advancement of gross & fine motor Age 6:
years Competitive Play Inferiority skills increasing: length of focus: 15
Use thought Balance minutes
Involves physical Eager to develop processes to Endurance
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skill, intellectual skills and experience events Physical Abilities Age 9:

ability, and participate in and actions Eye to hand coordination length of focus: 1 hour
fantasy meaningful and
socially useful Develop an Primal growth & development of Age 10:
Form groups, work understanding of Secondary amount of consecutive
cliques, clubs, relationships commands: 5
secret societies Acquires a sense between things and sexual characteristics:
of personal and ideas Body hair Key ideals:
Rules and rituals interpersonal Genitalia Peer acceptance
competence Able to make Self Esteem
See the need for judgments based on
rules in games Growing sense of reason (Conceptual
they play independence thinking)

Team play Peer approval is

a strong
Quiet games and motivator
activities
Inferiority may
Ego mastery occur if
incapable or
unprepared to
assume the
responsibilities
associated with
developing a
sense of
accomplishment

All children feel

some degree of
inferiority regarding
skills they cannot
master
Adolescent 12 to 20 Age Appropriate Identity vs Role Formal Operations Prepubescence: about 2 years before Relationships w/
years Play/activities Confusion puberty, heralding physical changes parents: Roles change
Abstract thinking from protection-
Early adolescent: Think beyond Puberty: Sexual maturity is achieved dependency to mutual
Group identity present affection and equality
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versus alienation Mental manipulation Post pubescence: 1 to 2 years after

of multiple variables puberty; skeletal growth is Relationships w/ peers:
Development of Concerned about complete and reproductive functions Peers provide a sense of
personal identity others’ thoughts and become established belonging and feeling of
versus role needs strength and power
diffusion Adolescence: time of growing into
Feel invincible psychological, social, and physical Development of Self-
Sex role identity maturation Concept and Body
Image: Feelings of
Emotionality confusion in early
adolescence, awareness
of comparing
appearance with others,
blemishes and defects
are magnified out of
proportion

Adolescent Sexuality:
dating, sexual
orientation, sexual
experimentation;
reasons:
curiosity, pleasure,
conquest, peer pressure