SUMMARY OF INFANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

Month Motor Development Fine Motor Development Socialization and Language Time Reflexes Fade Play
0-1 Largely reflex actions Keeps hands fisted; able Enjoys watching face of
to follow object to primary caregiver; needs
midline with eyes play time in prone position
2 Holds head up when Demonstrate social smile Makes cooing sounds; Grasp reflex fading Enjoys bright-colored
prone differentiates cry mobiles
3 Hold head and chest Follows object past Laughs out loud Landau reflex is Spends time looking at
when prone midline with eyes strong hands (hand regard)
“tummy time” important
during the day
4 Turns back to front; Stepping, tonic Needs space to practice
no longer has head neck, extrusion turning
lag; bears partial reflexes are fading
weight on feet
5 Should turn readily Tonic neck reflex Handles rattle well
front to back and fading
back to front
6 Beginning to show Uses palmar grasp May say vowel sounds (oh- Moro & tonic neck Enjoys bathtub toys, rubber
ability to sit oh) reflex have faded ring for teething
7 Reaches out to be Transfers objects hand to Shows beginning fear of Likes objects that are good
picked up; first tooth hand strangers size for transferring
(central incisor)
erupts
8 Sits securely without Fear of strangers peaks Enjoys manipulation, rattles
support and toys of different
textures
9 Creeps or crawls Says first word (da-da) Needs safe space for
(abdomen off floor) creeping
10 Pulls self to standing Uses pincer grasp (thumb Plays games like patty-cake
and finger) to pick up and peek-a-aboo
small objects
11 “Cruises” (walks with “Cruising” can be main
support) activity
12 Stands alone; some Holds cup and spoon Says two words plus ma- Landau reflex fades Likes toys that fit inside each
infants take the first well; helps to dress ma and da-da other (pots and pans);
step (pushes arm into sleeve nursery rhymes; will like pull
toys as soon as walking
 MILESTONES OF TODDLER GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Age (in Months) Fine Motor
15 Puts small pellets into small
bottles; scribbles voluntarily
with a pencil or crayon; holds a
spoon well but may still turn it
upside down on the way to
mouth
18 No longer rotates a spoon to
bring it to mouth
24 Can open doors by turning
doorknobs; unscrew lids
30 Makes simple lines or strokes or
crosses with a pencil
Gross Motor
Walks alone well; can seat self
in chair; can creep up stairs
Can run and jump in place; can
walk up and down stairs holding
onto a person’s hand or railing;
typically places both feet on one
step before advancing.
Walks up stairs alone; still using
both feet on same step at same
time
Can jump down from chairs
Language Play
4-6 words Can stack two blocks;
enjoys being read to; drops
toys for adult to recover
(exploring sense of
permanence)
7-20 words Imitates household chores
such as dusting; begins
parallel play (playing
beside, not with, another
child)
50 words; two-word Parallel play evident
sentences (noun or
pronoun and verb) such as
“Daddy go”, “Dog talks”
Verbal language increasing Spends time playing
steadily; knows full name; house, imitating parents’
can name one color and actions; play is “rough-
holds up fingers to show housing” or active
age

SUMMARY OF PRESCHOOL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

Age (in Months) Fine Motor Gross Motor Language Play
3 Undress self, stacks tower of Runs; alternates feet on stairs; Vocabulary of 900 words Able to take turns, very
blocks, draws a cross rides tricycle; stands on one imaginative
foot
4 Can do simple buttons Constantly in motion; jumps, Vocabulary of 1,500 words Pretending is major
skips activity
5 Can draw a six-part figure; can Throws overhand Vocabulary of 2,100 words Likes games with numbers
lace shoes or letters
 SCHOOL-AGE CHILD
Age (in Years) Physical Development Psychosocial Development
6 A year of constant motion; skipping is a new skill; first First grade teacher becomes authority figure; adjustment to
molars erupt all-day school may be difficult and may lead to nervous
manifestations of fingernail biting, etc. Defines words by
their use (e.g., a key is to unlock a door, not metal object)
7 Central incisor erupt; difference between sexes becomes A quiet year; striving for perfection leads to this year being
apparent in play; spends time in quiet play called an eraser year. Learns conservation (e.g. water poured
from tall container to a wide, flat one is the same amount of
water); can tell time; can make simple change
8 Coordination definitely improved; eyesight fully develops; “Best friends” develop; whispering and giggling begin; can
playing with friends becomes important write in cursive as well as print; understands concepts of
past, present and future.
9 All activities done with friends Friend or club age; a 9-year-old club is formed to spite
someone, has secret codes, is all boy or all girl; clubs disband
and reform quickly.
10 Coordination improves Ready for camp away from home; collecting age; likes rules;
ready for competitive games.
11 Active, but awkward and ungainly Insecure with members of opposite sex; repeats off-color
jokes.
12 Coordination improves A sense of humor is present; is social and cooperative.

Chronologic Development of Secondary Sex Characteristics of a School Age Child

Age (in Years) Boys Girls
9-11 Prepubertal weight gain occurs Breasts: Elevation of papilla with breast bud formation;
areolar diameter enlarges.
11-12 Sparse growth of straight, downy, slightly pigmented hair at Straight hair along the labia. Vaginal epithelium becomes
base of penis. cornified. pH of vaginal secretions becomes acidic; slight
Scrotum becomes textured; growth of penis and testes mucous vaginal discharge is present.
begins. Sebaceous gland secretion increases.
Sebaceous gland secretion increases. Perspiration increases.
Perspiration inceases. Dramatic growth spurt.
12-13 Pubic hair present across pubis. Pubic hair grows darker, spreads over entire pubis.
Penis lengthens. Breasts enlarge, still no protrusion of nipples.
Dramatic linear growth spurt. Axillary hair present.
Breast enlargement may occur. Menarche occurs.
 DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES OF ADOLESCENTS

Age Play/ Recreation

13 Years old - listening to music, texting or chatting, following a sports team wins or losses
- team loyalty becomes intense, following coach instructions becomes mandatory
- spend a great deal of time just talking to peers as social interaction. For them it is a major way to learn
about values and responsibilities.
16 years old - most wants a part time job to earn money. Teach them how to work well, accept responsibility,
how to save and spend money)
- During middle to late adolescent many engages in charitable endeavours. This activities fulfil their
need for satisfying interaction with others.

Emotional Development
Body Image adjustment to changes in body image is not easy, they may fell disappointed with their final height or
general appearance.
Self- Esteem – adolescent can be challenge by all the changes that occur during this period.
Value System – develop values by talking to peers,
- need attentive adult ear, to discuss fears, hopes and pressures.
Social Coupling- - at early adolescents, girls tend to band together with girls, and
boys with boys.
-adolescent who are different are excluded
Career Decision -Part of knowing what kind of person you want is knowing what kind of occupation you want.
Emancipation from parents 2 reasons for major issue:
a. parents not ready for their child to be independent
b. adolescent not sure if they want to be on their own.

Age Socialization
Both male and female early adolescent tend to be loud and boisterous.
13 years old - crushes or infatuation with schoolmate.
14 years old - more quieter and introspective, become used to body changes
- - watch adults carefully as role model.
15 years old - most fall in love 5 to 6 times a year, based on attractions.
16 years old - boys become sexually mature. Both sexes are better able to trust their bodies.
17 yearsold – have adult values and response to events.