Age Physical-Neuro Gross Motor Fine Motor Language Interpersonal social Play Feeding

(large muscle skills Small muscle skills Simple to Complex

(CEPHALOCAUDAL PROXIMO-DISTAL
)
Neonate Head lag Reflex grasp Cry UNANG YAKAP Root, struck,
swallows
1 MONTH Dance reflex Solitary games Strong extrusion
disappears Follows mobiles reflex

2 Closure of posterior Lifts head on prone Social smile

MONTHS fontanels Begins to have head
control
3 Turn sides Hands held open Differential crying Recognizes the mother Plays with rattle Extrusion reflex
MONTHS Palmar grasp gone Coos and gurgles fades
drools
4 Lifts head and chest on Brings hands together Laughs aloud Very talkative Attempts to bring
MONTHS prone position/full head lips to cups
control
5 Moro gone Rolls over 2 hand grasp Vocalizes displeasure
MONTHS

6 Doubles birth weight Sits with support Holds bottle with 2 Extends arms to loved Begins solids
MONTHS dentition Hitches (backward hands person Uses trainer on
locomotion in sitting in Palmar grasp sippy-cup to drink
positing
7 Bounces, feet in mouth m-m-m when crying Coughs to get attention Transfers object from hand Chews bites,
MONTHS Begins to fear to hand begins to have
strangers food preference
8 Sits without support Height of stranger
MONTHS anxiety

9 Crawls then creeps Uses thumb & fingers Combines syllables Cries when scolded
MONTHS to hold mama, dada
Pincer grasp
10 Moves from prone to Points objects Understands ‘NO” Peek-a-boo Drinks from cup,
MONTHS sitting Responds to own Pat a cake uses spoon but
Stands with support name Picks up small objects may spill
11 Cruises, almost ready to Preference for one Grasps the spoon
MONTHS walk hand

12 Triple birth weight Stands alone Puts objects in Follows directions Enjoys several toys enjoys
MONTHS Babinski disappear Walks with support container, throw dropping objects to see
objects where they will go
Attempts 2 tower
blocks
13-15 Plateau stage Walks alone Names familiar
MONTHS objects Vocalizes wants

18 Anterior fontanel Sits self on a chair Attempts 3 tower Uses phrases 3 word Smears stool Has fav toy
MONTHS closes Toilet Training begins block plus mama & dada Started bowel training
or
1 ½ YEAR
2 YEARS Terrible twos Jumps crudely, goes up Attempts 5 tower Uses short sentences Helps undress himself Parallel play
& down stairs with both block Bladder trained at day Takes fav toy to bed
feet on same step Write vertical lines time
2½ 20 temporary teeth Tiptoes, stands on one Piles 7-8 blocks Rides tricycle
YEARS foot Throws ball

3 YEARS Trusting three Walks backward Uses scissors, copies Speaks fluently in Knows family name Cooperative/associative Feeds sled well
circles, unbutton, using longer Sign simple songs games Begins to have
buttons sentences Knows own sex Pedals well food jags
4 YEARS Furious four Jumps& climbs well Copies squares, laces Exaggerates and boats Knows how old he is
shoes Names colors

5 YEARS Frustrating five Runs skillfully Copies triangles, print Talks/ asks constantly Knows relatives aunts,
I can and you can’t letters, draws picture 300-400 uncles and cousins
stage of man questions/day
6 YEARS Years of expansion of Clumsy movement Recognized and draws Fixed speech, may Beginning interest in
physical and because of fatigue all shapes use slang, may swear God
psychological changes
7 YEARS Assimilative quieting Wiggles loose teeth Copes a diamond Enjoys teasing has high Competitive games
down period standard for family

8 YEARS Expansive age Smoother movement Write more than print Counts backwards Normal homosexual
Age of broadening
experience
9 YEARS Neither child nor a Uses both hands Takes care of body Tells time correctly Hero worships
youth independently needs completely

10 YEARS Age of special talents Writes legibly Reasons using cause Well-mannered with Involved in group
and effect adults activities

11-12 Pre-adolescent Full of energy, Secret language Critical of adults Joins organized orgs like
YEARS constantly active Shares secrets with scouting
friends
PEDIATRIC DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

AGE ERICKSONS FREUD’S TASK IMPORATNT FEAR
PSYCHOSOCIAL PSYCHOSEXUAL PERSONS
INFANCY Trust vs Mistrust Oral Recognizes the Mother or substitute Stanger anxiety
mother
TODDLER Autonomy vs Anal Accepts reality vs Parents Separation anxiety
Shame and Doubt pleasure principle
PRE-SCHOOL Initiative vs Guilt Phallic Knows difference Basic family Body injury
between sexes Castration
complex
SCHOOL Industry vs Latency Knows things School/community Displacement from
Inferiority related to won sex Playmates of same school loss of
 sex privacy
ADOLESCENT Identity vs. role Puberty Heterosexual Peer group Displacement from
diffusion relationship friends

PIAGET’S THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

STAGES/SUB APPROX. CHARACTERISTICS
STAGES AGE
Sensorimotor 0-2  Reliance on reflexes to interact with environment
reflexes
Pre-operational 3-5  Increase use of language
 Unable to put self in another’s place
 Does not understand relationship of size, weight and volume
5-7  Magical thinking
 Egocentrism: cannot take another’s point of view
 Centering: tendency to center attention to one feature and unable to see other
qualities
Concrete operations 8-12  Inductive reasoning (specific to general
 Conservation-ability to understand that a thing is essentially the same even
though its shape and arrangement is altered
 Reversibility-ability to conceptualize that a complete process can be
performed in the reverse order
Formal operations 13-16  Capable of introspection, deductive reasoning (general or understand to
specific)
 Able to formulate and test
 Hypothesis

GENERAL TRENDS IN PHYSICAL GROWTH DURING CHILDHOOD

AGE WEIGHT HEIGHT
0-6 MONTHS Weekly gain  Monthly gain (1in)
(5-7 ounces)
6-12 MONTHS Birthweight doubles by 4-6 months  Monthly gain (0.5 in)
 Birth length increases by first year
 Approx. 50% by end or first year

TODDLER Weekly gain  Height at 2 years is approx. 50% of eventual adult

(3-5 ounces) height
Birth weight triples
PRESCHOOLER Yearly gain  Birth lengths double by 4 years of age
(4-7 ounces)
SCHOOL AGE Yearly gain  Yearly gain after 6 years (2inches)
(4-7 ounces)  3x at 13 y/o

GROWTH ASSESSMENT BASED ON STANDARD FORMULAS