George Eliot

Mary Anne Evans (22 November 1819 – 22

December 1880; alternatively "Mary Ann" or
"Marian"), known by her pen name George Eliot, was
an English novelist, poet, journalist, translator and one
of the leading writers of the Victorian era. She is the
author of seven novels, including Adam Bede (1859),
The Mill on the Floss (1860), Silas Marner (1861),
Middlemarch (1871–72), and Daniel Deronda (1876),
most of which are set in provincial England and
known for their realism and psychological insight.

She used a male pen name, she said, to ensure that her
works would be taken seriously. Female authors were
published under their own names during Eliot's
lifetime, but she wanted to escape the stereotype of women's writing being limited to lighthearted
romances. She also wanted to have her fiction judged separately from her already extensive and
widely known work as an editor and critic. Another factor in her use of a pen name may have
been a desire to shield her private life from public scrutiny, thus avoiding the scandal that would
have arisen because of her adulterous relationship with the married George Henry Lewes.

Eliot's Middlemarch has been described by Martin Amis and Julian Barnes as the greatest novel
in the English language.

Works

Novels Poetry

Adam Bede, 1859 Agatha, 1869

The Mill on the Floss, 1860 Brother and Sister, 1869

Silas Marner, 1861 Armgart, 1871

Romola, 1863 Stradivarius, 1873

Felix Holt, the Radical, 1866 The Legend of Jubal, 1874

Middlemarch, 1871–72 I Grant You Ample Leave, 1874

Daniel Deronda, 1876 Arion, 1874

A Minor Prophet, 1874

A College Breakfast Party, 1879

The Death of Moses, 1879

From a London Drawing Room

Count That Day Lost

 Stephen Chbosky
Stephen Chbosky (/ʃəˈbɒski/;) born January 25, 1970) is
an American novelist, screenwriter, and film director best
known for writing The New York Times bestselling
coming-of-age novel The Perks of Being a Wallflower
(1999), as well as for screenwriting and directing the film
version of the same book, starring Logan Lerman, Emma
Watson, and Ezra Miller. He also wrote the screenplay for
the 2005 film Rent and Disney's 2017 live-action
adaptation of Beauty and the Beast alongside with Evan
Spiliotopoulos and was co-creator, executive producer,
and writer of the CBS television series Jericho, which
aired from 2006 to 2008. Most recently he directed the
2017 drama Wonder, starring Julia Roberts, Owen Wilson,
and Jacob Tremblay.

Early life

Chbosky was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and raised in the Pittsburgh suburb of Upper St.
Clair, Pennsylvania. He is the son of Lea (née Meyer), a tax preparer, and Fred G. Chbosky, a
steel company executive and consultant to CFOs Chbosky has a sister, Stacy, who is married to
director John Erick Dowdle. He was raised Catholic. As a teenager, Chbosky "enjoyed a good
blend of the classics, horror, and fantasy."He was heavily influenced by J. D. Salinger's novel
The Catcher in the Rye and the writing of F. Scott Fitzgerald and Tennessee Williams. Chbosky
graduated from Upper St. Clair High School in 1988, around which time he met Stewart Stern,
screenwriter of the 1955 James Dean film Rebel Without a Cause. Stern became Chbosky's
"good friend and mentor", and proved a major influence on Chbosky's career.

Works
Film

1995 The Four Corners of Nowhere 2015 No Escape

2002 Austin Powers in Goldmember 2017 Beauty and the Beast

2005 Rent 2017 Wonder

2007 The Poughkeepsie Tapes Television

2012 The Perks of Being a Wallflower 2000 Brutally Normal

2014 As Above, So Below 2006–08 Jericho

 George Orwell

Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950), better

known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English
novelist, essayist, journalist, and critic. His work is marked
by lucid prose, awareness of social injustice, opposition to
totalitarianism, and outspoken support of democratic
socialism.

Orwell wrote literary criticism, poetry, fiction, and

polemical journalism. He is best known for the allegorical
novella Animal Farm (1945) and the dystopian novel
Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949). His non-fiction works,
including The Road to Wigan Pier (1937), documenting
his experience of working class life in the north of
England, and Homage to Catalonia (1938), an account of
his experiences in the Spanish Civil War, are widely
acclaimed, as are his essays on politics, literature,
language, and culture. In 2008, The Times ranked him second on a list of "The 50 greatest
British writers since 1945".

Orwell's work continues to influence popular and political culture, and the term Orwellian –
descriptive of totalitarian or authoritarian social practices – has entered the language together
with many of his neologisms, including Big Brother, Thought Police, Room 101, memory hole,
newspeak, doublethink, proles, unperson, and thoughtcrime.

Biographies of Orwell

Orwell's will requested that no biography of him be written, and his widow Sonia Brownell
repelled every attempt by those who tried to persuade her to let them write about him. Various
recollections and interpretations were published in the 1950s and '60s, but Sonia saw the 1968
Collected Works[144] as the record of his life. She did appoint Malcolm Muggeridge as official
biographer, but later biographers have seen this as deliberate spoiling as Muggeridge eventually
gave up the work. In 1972, two American authors, Peter Stansky and William Abrahams,
produced The Unknown Orwell, an unauthorized account of his early years that lacked any
support or contribution from Sonia Brownell.

Sonia Brownell then commissioned Bernard Crick, a professor of politics at the University of
London, to complete a biography and asked Orwell's friends to co-operate.[233] Crick collated a
considerable amount of material in his work, which was published in 1980,[84] but his
questioning of the factual accuracy of Orwell's first-person writings led to conflict with
Brownell, and she tried to suppress the book. Crick concentrated on the facts of Orwell's life
rather than his character, and presented primarily a political perspective on Orwell's life and
work.

After Sonia Brownell's death, other works on Orwell were published in the 1980s, with 1984
being a particularly fruitful year for Orwelliana. These included collections of reminiscences by
Coppard and Crick and Stephen Wadhams.

In 1991, Michael Shelden, an American professor of literature, published a biography. More

concerned with the literary nature of Orwell's work, he sought explanations for Orwell's
character and treated his first-person writings as autobiographical. Shelden introduced new
information that sought to build on Crick's work. Shelden speculated that Orwell possessed an
obsessive belief in his failure and inadequacy.

Peter Davison's publication of the Complete Works of George Orwell, completed in 2000, made
most of the Orwell Archive accessible to the public. Jeffrey Meyers, a prolific American
biographer, was first to take advantage of this and published a book in 2001 that investigated the
darker side of Orwell and questioned his saintly image. Why Orwell Matters (released in the UK
as Orwell's Victory) was published by Christopher Hitchens in 2002.

In 2003, the centenary of Orwell's birth resulted in biographies by Gordon Bowker and D. J.
Taylor, both academics and writers in the United Kingdom. Taylor notes the stage management
which surrounds much of Orwell's behaviour, and Bowker highlights the essential sense of
decency which he considers to have been Orwell's main motivation.

Works

Novels
1949 – Nineteen Eighty-Four
1934 – Burmese Days
1935 – A Clergyman's Daughter Nonfiction
1936 – Keep the Aspidistra Flying 1933 – Down and Out in Paris and London
1939 – Coming Up for Air 1937 – The Road to Wigan Pier
1945 – Animal Farm 1938 – Homage to Catalonia