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Quick Way To Compute The Inverse Laplace Transform (Without Partial Fractions)
Quick Way To Compute The Inverse Laplace Transform (Without Partial Fractions)
1
(Lf )(s) =
(s − 1)(s − 2)
The Laplace inverse is given by multiplying the above function by est and then
estimating the resulting function at s = 1, with the factor s − 1 taken out, plus, the
resulting function estimated at s = 2, with the factor s − 2 taken out. Namely
The method still works if we have more factors in the bottom, or if the top is
multiplied by a constant (or in fact any polynomial of degree less than the bottom).
2
(Lf )(s) =
(s − 1)(s − 2)(s − 3)
t 2t 3t
2e 2e 2e
= + +
(1 − 2)(1 − 3) (2 − 1)(2 − 3) (3 − 1)(3 − 2)
2 et 2 e2t 2 e3t
= + + = et − 2e2t + e3t
2 −1 2
s
(Lf )(s) =
s2 + a 2
1
Solution: You could use the table, or alternatively use the method above. First we
factor
s s
=
s2 + a2 (s + ia)(s − ia)
There are no repeated roots in the bottom and the top is a polynomial of degree less
than the degree of the polynomial in the bottom, hence the method applies. Thus
we can just write down the solution,
est · s est · s
f (t) = s=−ia + s=ia
(s − ia) (s + ia)
O O
e −iat iat
· ( − ia) e · ia
= +
− 2ia 2ia
iat
e +e −iat
= = cos (a t)
2
a
As an exercice try deriving L−1 s2 + a2 = sin (a t) from the method above.
Remember the formula
eiax − e−iax
sin (a x) =
2i
for this.
1
(Lf )(s) =
(s − 1)(s − 2)2
1 A B C
2 = s−1 + s−2 +
(s − 1)(s − 2) (s − 2)2
1 d 1
2 = da · s − a O
a=2
(s − 2)
2
because (d/da)(1/s − a) = 1/(s − a)2 so when we estimate at s = 2 we get 1/(s − 2)2.
With this trick at hand we write,
1 d 1 1
= · a=2
(s − 1)(s − 2)2 da s − 1 s − a
O
Therefore,
1
f (t) = L −1
− 1)(s − 2)2
(s
d 1 1
= L −1
· a=2
da s − 1 s − a
O
We are allowed to interchange the L−1 (Laplace inverse) with the differentiation
operation, and so we keep on writting,
d −1 1 1
f (t) = L · a=2 (1)
da s−1 s−a
O
est est
1 1
L −1
· = s=1 + s=a
s−1 s−a s−1
O O
s−a
t at
e e
= +
1−a a−1
et t eat eat
+ − a=2
= (1 − a)2 a − 1 (a − 1)2
O
= et + t e2t − e2t
s
(Lf )(s) =
(s − 1) (s − 2)2
2
Solution: I will proceed more mechanically skipping more details as I’ve explained
the method in the previous example. We have
s d d s
= a=1
(s − 1)2(s − 2)2 da db (s − a)(s − b)
O
b=2
3
Therefore,
s d d −1 s
f (t) = L −1
= L a=1
(s − 1) (s − 2)2
2 da db (s − a)(s − b)
O
b=2
Now,
s est s est
s
L −1
= s=b + s=a
(s − a)(s − b) (s − a)
O O
s−b
bt at
be ae
= +
b−a a−b
b=2
d ebt + b t ebt b ebt a eat
= − + a=1
da (b − a)2 (a − b)2
O
b−a b=2
bt bt bt at at
e +bte be e +tae
= −2 −2· a=1
(b − a)2 (b − a)3 (a − b)3
O
b=2
= e2t + 2 t e2t − 4 e2t + 2 et + 2 t et
s A B C D
2 2 = s−1 + 2 + s−2 +
(s − 1) (s − 2) (s − 1) (s − 2)2
...