Math 202 PS 10

Boğaziçi University

Fall’20

Instructors: Nihat Sadık Değer - Yasemin Kara

Teaching Assistants: Mehmet Akif Yıldız - Engin Başakoğlu

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Chapter 6.3 - Problem 2
Sketch the graph of the given function on the interval t > 0.

g(t) = (t − 3)u2 (t) − (t − 4)u3 (t)

(
0, if t < c
Solution: Recall that uc (t) = . So, we can write
1, if t > c

0,
 if 0 6 t < 2
g(t) = t − 3, if 2 6 t < 3

1, if 3 6 t


Then, we have the following graph:

Figure: The graph of the function g

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Chapter 6.3 - Problem 15
Find the Laplace transform of the given function.

0,
 t<π
f (t) = t − π, π 6 t < 2π

0, t > 2π


Solution: Recall that L{uc (t)g(t − c)} = e−cs · L{g(t)} for c, s > 0. Since
f (t) = (t − π)uπ (t) − (t − π)u2π (t), we can write:
f (t) = (t − π)uπ (t) − (t − 2π)u2π (t) − πu2π (t) and so
L{f (t)} = L{(t − π)uπ (t)} − L{(t − 2π)u2π (t)} − L{πu2π (t)}
e−πs e−2πs e−2πs e−2πs
Then, we get L{f (t)} = 2
− 2
−π = · (eπs − 1 − πs) since we have
s s s s2
1
L{t} = .
s2

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Chapter 6.3 - Problem 23
Find the inverse Laplace transform of

(s − 2)e−2s
F (s) =
s2 − 4s + 3

Solution:
   
s−2 A B 1
F (s) = e−2s = e−2s + ⇒A=B=
s2 − 4s + 3 s−1 s−3 2
e−2s 1 e−2s 1
⇒ F (s) = +
2 s−1 2 s−3
 
1
Note that L−1 e−cs F (s) = uc (t)f (t − c) and L−1 s−a = eat . Thus,

e−2s 1 e−2s 1
 
L−1 (F (s)) = L−1 +
2 s−1 2 s−3
1 1
= u2 (t)et−2 + u2 (t)e3t−6
2 2

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Chapter 6.4 - Problem 3
Find the solution of the given initial value problem:

y 00 + 4y = sin t − u2π (t) · sin(t − 2π), y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 0

Solution: Recall that L{uc (t)f (t − c)} = e−ct L{f (t)}. Let us take the Laplace transform of
the given equation, and write Y (s) for L{y(t)}:
1 1
s2 Y (s) − sy(0) − y 0 (0) + 4Y (s) = − e−2πs 2
s2 + 1 s +1
1
⇒ Y (s) = (1 − e−2πs ) 2
(s + 1)(s2 + 4)
1
We need to write in the form of partial fractions , i.e.,
(s2 + 1)(s2 + 4)
1 As + B Cs + D
= 2 + 2
(s2 + 1)(s2 + 4) s +1 s +4

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y 00 + 4y = sin t − u2π (t) · sin(t − 2π), y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 0
1
Y (s) = (1 − e−2πs )
(s2 + 1)(s2 + 4)
1 −1
Then, it can be calculated that A = C = 0, B = ,D= . Hence, we can write
3 3
1 1 1 1 e−2πs 1 e−2πs 1
Y (s) = − − +
3 s2 + 1 3 s2 + 4 3 s2 + 1 3 s2 + 4
1 1 1 1
⇒ y(t) = sin t − sin 2t − u2π (t) sin(t − 2π) + u2π (t) sin(2t − 4π)
3 6 3 6
Finally, note that sin(t − 2π) = sin t and sin(2t − 4π) = sin 2t. Therefore, we have
2 sin t − sin 2t
y(t) = (1 − u2π (t)) ·
6

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Chapter 6.4 - Problem 10
5y
Find the solution of the given initial value problem: y 00 + y 0 + = g(t), y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 0
4
where (
sin t, if 0 6 t < π
g(t) =
0, if t > π

Solution: Write g(t) = sin t − uπ (t) sin t = sin t + uπ (t) sin(t − π). Thus, we have
1 e−πs
L{g(t)} = 2 + 2 . Then, by taking the Laplace transform of the given equation, we
s +1 s +1
get
5 1 + e−πs
s2 L{y(t)} − sy(0) − y 0 (0) + sL{y(t)} − y(0) + L{y(t)} =
4 s2 + 1
5 1 + e −πs
⇒ (s2 + s + )L{y(t)} − s − 1 =
4 s2 + 1
1+e −πs s+1
⇒ L{y(t)} = +
(s2 + 1)(s2 + s + 54 ) s2 + s + 54

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 (
5y sin t, if 0 6 t < π
y 00 + y 0 + = , y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 0
4 0, if t > π
1 + e−πs s+1
L{y(t)} = +
(s2 + 1)(s2 + s + 54 ) s2 + s + 5
4

1
We need to write in the form of partial fractions , i.e.,
(s2 + 1)(s2 + s + 54 )
1 As + B Cs + D
Q(s) = = 2 +
(s2 + 1)(s2 + s + 54 ) s +1 s2 + s + 54
−16 4 16 12
Then, it can be calculated that A = ,B= ,C= ,D= . Hence, we can write
17 17 17 17
−16 −1 n s o 4 −1 n 1 o
L−1 {Q(s)} = L + L +
17 s2 + 1 17 s2 + 1
16 n s + 12 o 4 −1 n 1 o
+ L−1 1
+ L 1
17 2
(s + 2 ) + 1 17 2
(s + 2 ) + 1

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 (
5y sin t, if 0 6 t < π
y 00 + y 0 + = , y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 0
4 0, if t > π
1 + e−πs s+1
L{y(t)} = +
(s2 + 1)(s2 + s + 54 ) s2 + s + 5
4

Recall that L−1 {F (s − c)} = ect f (t). Thus, we get

−16 4 16 −t 4 −t
q(t) = L−1 {Q(s)} = cos t + sin t + e 2 cos t + e 2 sin t
17 17 17 17
1
s+ 2 1 1
Note that L{y(t)} = Q(s) + e−πs Q(s) + 1 2
+ . As a result, we have
(s + 2
) + 1 2 (s + 12 )2 + 1
−t
−t e 2 sin t
y(t) = q(t) + uπ (t) · q(t − π) + e 2 cos t +
2

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Chapter 6.5 - Problem 3
Find the solution of the given initial value problem

1
y 00 + 3y 0 + 2y = δ(t − 4) + u8 (t), y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) =
2

Solution: We take the Laplace transform of the equation to obtain

e−8s
s2 Y (s) − sy(0) − y 0 (0) + 3sY (s) − 3y(0) + 2Y (s) = e−4s +
s
e−4s e−8s 1
⇒ Y (s) = + +
(s + 1)(s + 2) s(s + 1)(s + 2) 2(s + 1)(s + 2)
e−4s 1 e−4s 1 e−8s 1 e−8s e−8s 1 1 1 1 1
Y (s) = − + − + + −
2 s+1 2 s+2 2 s s+1 2 s+2 2s+1 2s+2
e4−t − e8−2t 1 − 2e8−t + e16−2t e−t + e−2t
L−1 (Y (s)) = y(t) = u4 (t) + u8 (t) +
2 2 2

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Chapter 6.6 - Problem 8/Problem 9
Find the inverse Laplace transform of the given function by using the convolution theorem.
1
8. F (s) = 4 2
s (s + 4)
s
9. F (s) =
(s + 1)(s2 + 9)

Solution:
t3
   
1 1 1 1 3!
8. F (s) = 4 2 . Note that L−1 4
= L−1 4
= and
 s s  +4  s 6s 6
1 1 2 1
L−1 = L−1 = sin2t. Therefore, we have
s2 + 4 2 s2 + 2 2 2
Z t
1 1 1
L−1 (F (s)) = sin2τ (t − τ )3 dτ = (2t3 − 3t + 3costsint)
0 2 6 48
   
1 s −1 1 −t and L−1 s
9. F (s) = . Note that L = e = cos3t. So,
s + 1 s2 + 9 s+1 s2 + 9
Z t
1
L−1 (F (s)) = e−(t−τ ) cos3τ dτ = (−e−t + 3sin3t + cos3t).
0 10

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Chapter 6.6 - Problem 15
Express the solution of the given initial value problem in terms of a convolution integral:

4y 00 + 4y 0 + 17y = g(t), y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 1

Solution: Let us take the Laplace transform of the given equation, and write Y (s) for L{y(t)}:
4 s2 Y (s) − sy(0) − y 0 (0) + 4 sY (s) − y(0) + 17Y (s) = L{g(t)}

4 L{g(t)}
(4s2 + 4s + 17) · Y (s) = 4 + L{g(t)} ⇒ Y (s) = + 2
4s2 + 4s + 17 4s + 4s + 17
n 2 o −t
Note that 4s2 + 4s + 17 = 4 (s + 12 )2 + 4 , and recall that L−1


1 2
= e 2 sin(2t)
(s + 2 ) + 4
n1 2 o n1 2 o
⇒ y(t) = L−1 + L−1 L{g(t)}
2 (s + 12 )2 + 4 8 (s + 12 )2 + 4

1 t −(t−τ )
Z
1 −t
⇒ y(t) = e 2 sin(2t) + e 2 sin(2t − 2τ )g(τ )dt
2 8 0

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