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tertutup itu tidak berubah—ia akan tetap sama.[1][2] Energi tersebut tidak dapat diciptakan maupun
dimusnahkan ; namun ia dapat berubah dari satu bentuk energi ke bentuk energi lain. Contohnya,
energi kimia dapat diubah menjadi energi kinetik dalam ledakan dinamit.
Energi dapat berubah dari satu bentuk ke bentuk yang lain tetapi tidak bisa diciptakan atau
dimusnahkan (konversi energi).Robert A. Pelcovits; Joshua Farkus (2008). Barron's AP Physics C:
Advanced Placement Examination. Barron's Educational Series. hlm. 174. ISBN 978-0-7641-3710-5.
^ Feynman, Richard (1970). Feynman lectures on physics. Boston, MA: Addison Wesley Longman. ISBN
978-0-201-02115-8.Sumber modern Sunting
Goldstein, Martin, and Inge F., (1993). The Refrigerator and the Universe. Harvard Univ. Press. A gentle
introduction.
Kroemer, Herbert; Kittel, Charles (1980). Thermal Physics (2nd ed.). W. H. Freeman Company. ISBN 978-
0-7167-1088-2.
Nolan, Peter J. (1996). Fundamentals of College Physics, 2nd ed. William C. Brown Publishers.
Oxtoby & Nachtrieb (1996). Principles of Modern Chemistry, 3rd ed. Saunders College Publishing.
Serway, Raymond A.; Jewett, John W. (2004). Physics for Scientists and Engineers (6th ed.). Brooks/Cole.
ISBN 978-0-534-40842-8.
Stenger, Victor J. (2000). Timeless Reality. Prometheus Books. Especially chpt. 12. Nontechnical.
Tipler, Paul (2004). Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Mechanics, Oscillations and Waves,
Thermodynamics (5th ed.). W. H. Freeman. ISBN 978-0-7167-0809-4.
Lanczos, Cornelius (1970). The Variational Principles of Mechanics. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
ISBN 978-0-8020-1743-7.
Brown, T.M. (1965). "Resource letter EEC-1 on the evolution of energy concepts from Galileo to
Helmholtz". American Journal of Physics. 33 (10): 759–765. Bibcode:1965AmJPh..33..759B.
doi:10.1119/1.1970980.
Cardwell, D.S.L. (1971). From Watt to Clausius: The Rise of Thermodynamics in the Early Industrial Age.
London: Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-435-54150-7.
Guillen, M. (1999). Five Equations That Changed the World. New York: Abacus. ISBN 978-0-349-11064-6.
Hiebert, E.N. (1981). Historical Roots of the Principle of Conservation of Energy. Madison, Wis.: Ayer Co
Pub. ISBN 978-0-405-13880-5.
Kuhn, T.S. (1957) "Energy conservation as an example of simultaneous discovery", in M. Clagett (ed.)
Critical Problems in the History of Science pp.321–56
Sarton, G.; Joule, J. P.; Carnot, Sadi (1929). "The discovery of the law of conservation of energy". Isis. 13:
18–49. doi:10.1086/346430.
Smith, C. (1998). The Science of Energy: Cultural History of Energy Physics in Victorian Britain. London:
Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-485-11431-7.
Mach, E. (1872). History and Root of the Principles of the Conservation of Energy. Open Court Pub. Co.,
Illinois.
Poincaré, H. (1905). Science and Hypothesis. Walter Scott Publishing Co. Ltd; Dover reprint, 1952. ISBN
978-0-486-60221-9., Chapter 8, "Energy and Thermo-dynamics"
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