Exploraciones Movimiento Circular Uniforme

Daniela Rodríguez Fernández

2016217016

Juan Bolívar Camargo

2018219023

Jhoset Henríquez Ruiz

2018215053

Física Mecánica

Grupo 14

Ramiro Lizarazo Plata

(Docente)

Universidad del Magdalena

Santa Marta
 Worksheet for Exploration 5.1: Circular Motion

A puck travels in a circular path on a frictionless table, propelled by a string pulling from

the center of the circle (position is shown in meters and time is shown in seconds).

You may adjust the mass (10 g < m < 500 g), the speed (1 m/s < v < 50 m/s), and/or the

radius (0.5 m < r < 3.5 m). The tension is displayed on the screen. Restart.

How does the tension in the string depend upon the mass, the speed of the block, and the radius
of the

a. If you only vary the mass, how does the tension change?
The weight is canceled with Tsen θ. While Tcos θ is the only radial force and forces the
stone to describe a circunference. In this case the force centers trípeta is equal to Tcos θ

i. Select a small initial mass, and for your chosen conditions (m,v,r) predict the Tension

With a mass of 20 g with the chosen conditions (m, v r) the tension would decrease as less force is
exerted on the string to keep the object in the circular orbit

ii. Now double the mass, and triple the mass to see how the tension changes.

By doubling or tripling the mass, the tension also doubles or triples, as more tension force is
needed to keep the object tied to the end of the string

b. If you only vary the velocity, how does the tension change?
If only the speed changes the tension remains constan

i. Again select some initial conditions with a slow velocity, predict the tension.
When selecting new mass and speed conditions, the voltage will vary depending on
whether the mass and speed factors increase or decrease

ii. Double and triple the velocity and predict the tension required.

circle? required. Does this agree with the animation?

By doubling or tripling the mass, the tension also doubles or triples, as more tension force is
needed to keep the object tied to the end of the string
 Worksheet for Exploration 5.2: Force an Object Around a Circle

In this Exploration you are looking down at a black ball on a table top. Drag the

crosshair cursor (position is given in meters and time is given in seconds) to

within 5 m of the 0.2-kg ball. The cursor will then exert a constant force on the

black ball. You may choose either an attractive or a repulsive force. In addition,

the black ball is constrained to move in a circle by a very long wire. The blue arrow

represents the net force acting on the mass, while the bar graph displays its speed

in meters/second. Restart.

For both attraction and repulsion, drag the cursor around to see how the net force varies.

a. At the beginning of the animation (before you move the cursor), in what direction does
the net force point?
The net force points upward, perpendicular to the rope

i. Make a sketch showing the force the wire exerts (Fwire), the external force (Fext), the
net force (Fnet)
if appropriate.

b. With this force, does the ball move?

The force with which the ball moves is greater than this forcé

c. What type of applied force makes the ball acquire a tangential velocity?

The type of applied force that causes the ball to take tangential velocity is a force parallel
to the circular path.

Worksheet for Exploration 5.3: Spring Force

The spring-ball system shown in the animation can be stretched by clickdragging the dark
blue ball (position is given in meters and time is given in
 The spring-ball system shown in the animation can be
stretched by clickdragging the dark blue ball (position is given in meters and time is given
in
seconds). The black arrow attached to the ball shows the net, i.e., total, force
on the ball. The pale blue ball on the left is the free-body diagram for the dark
blue ball. The red and green arrows attached to the pale blue ball show the
spring and gravitational forces, respectively. The acceleration due to gravity is
9.8 m/s2
in this animation. Restart.
a. Find the mechanical equilibrium for this system when the spring constant is 1.0 N/m,
2.0 N/m, 3.0 N/m,
and 4.0 N/m.
i. To do this set the appropriate spring constant, hit the “set values and play”
button, and 4.0 N/m

Mechanical equilibrium occurs when the sum of the squared forces equals the
value of the squared velocity component

Worksheet for Exploration 5.4: Circular Motion and a

Spring
Force
A 1-kg mass is attached to the end of a spring of spring constant k = 10 N/m and
natural length l0 = 5 m (position is shown in meters and time is shown in
seconds). You are to set the spring in motion by setting its initial position (x0, 0)
and
its initial velocity (0, v0y). Restart.
a. Find the v0y needed for circular motion at a radius of 10 m (the red circle).
i. Set xo to 10 m and play with the simulation to find an initial velocity that gives
circular motion.
vo(measured)= 120N

ii. Now see if you can predict the initial velocity using the given information.
You may want to sketch a force diagram to indicate the direction of the force on
the ball,
and also the direction of the acceleration (what type of acceleration is this).
Worksheet for Exploration 5.5: Enter a Formula for the Force
This Exploration allows you to choose initial conditions and forces with
damping, and then view how that force affects the red ball. You can right-
click on the graph to make a copy at any time. If you check the "strip chart"
mode box, the top graph will show data for a time interval that you set. Note
that the animation will end when the position of the ball exceeds +/-100 m
from the origin. Restart.

Remember to use the proper syntax such as -10+0.5*t, -10+0.5*t*t, and -

10+0.5*t^2. Revisit Exploration 1.3 to refresh your memory.

For each of the following forces, first describe the force (magnitude and direction) and then predict the
motion of the ball. How close were you? Don't forget to determine how the initial position and velocity affect
the motion of the ball for each force.

a. Fx(x, vx, t) = 1-0.05*vx

i. Select initial position and velocity:

xo=__________
1m vo=_5 m/s_________
ii. Describe the motion (prediction)

iii. Does the ball continue moving?

iv. Does the ball continue accelerating?

v. Is the force on the ball ever zero, and is the ball stopped when the force is zero?
b. Fx(x, vx, t) = 1-0.5*vx

i. Select initial position and velocity:

xo=___2 m_______ vo=____3.5 /s______

ii. Describe the motion (prediction)

iii. Does the ball continue moving?

iv. Does the ball continue accelerating?

v. Is the force on the ball ever zero, and is the ball stopped when the force is zero?

c. Fx(x, vx, t) = 1-vx

i. Select initial position and velocity:

xo=_____0_m____ vo=____1.8 m/s______

ii. Describe the motion (prediction)

iii. Does the ball continue moving?

iv. Does the ball continue accelerating?

v. Is the force on the ball ever zero, and is the ball stopped when the force is zero?
d. Fx(x, vx, t) = -9.8-vx

i. Select initial position and velocity:

xo=___4 m_______ vo=_2.8 m/s_________

ii. Describe the motion (prediction)

iii. Does the ball continue moving?

iv. Does the ball continue accelerating?

v. Is the force on the ball ever zero, and is the ball stopped when the force is zero?

e. Fx(x, vx, t) = x-vx

i. Select initial position and velocity:

xo=__0.8 m________ vo=_0.9 m/s_________

ii. Describe the motion (prediction)

iii. Does the ball continue moving?

iv. Does the ball continue accelerating?

v. Is the force on the ball ever zero, and is the ball stopped when the force is zero?

f. Fx(x, vx, t) = cos(x)-vx

 i. Select initial position and velocity:

xo=__4.4 m________ vo=____6 m/s______

ii. Describe the motion (prediction)

iii. Does the ball continue moving?

iv. Does the ball continue accelerating?

v. Is the force on the ball ever zero, and is the ball stopped when the force is zero?

g. Fx(x, vx, t) = cos(t)-vx

i. Select initial position and velocity:

xo=_2_________ vo=__3.5 m/s________

ii. Describe the motion (prediction)

iii. Does the ball continue moving?

iv. Does the ball continue accelerating?

v. Is the force on the ball ever zero, and is the ball stopped when the force is zero?
Worksheet for Exploration 5.6: Air Friction
Two identical balls are dropped. The one on the left is in a
resistive medium represented by varying shades of blue. The
resistive force is represented as b vn, where b is a constant
between 0 and 2 and n is an integer between 0 and 2 (note
that as you vary n, the units of b also change). Restart.

Select values for b and n, and then click on a graph link to

show the motion and that particular graph. When you get a
good-looking graph, right-click on it to clone the graph and
resize it for a better view.

a. How does your choice of n (0, 1, 2) affect the unit of b?

i. Write out each equation for Fresistive= , and then solve for b’s. Give units.

b0→________________

b1→________________

b2→________________

b. For b = 1, how does your choice of n (0, 1, 2) affect the position vs. time graph?
c. For b = 1, how does your choice of n (0, 1, 2) affect the velocity vs. time graph?

d. For b = 1, how does your choice of n (0, 1, 2) affect the acceleration vs. time graph?

e. For b = 1, how does your choice of n (0, 1, 2) affect the terminal velocity?
Worksheet for Exploration 5.7: Enter a Formula, Fx and Fy, for
the Force
This Exploration allows you to choose initial conditions and forces and then view how
that force affects the red ball. You can right-click on the graph to make a copy at any
time. If you check the "strip chart" mode box, the top graph will show data for a time
interval that you set. Note that the animation will end when the position of the ball
exceeds +/-100 m from the origin. Restart.

Remember to use the proper syntax such as -10+0.5*t, -10+0.5*t*t, and -10+0.5*t^2.
Revisit Exploration 1.3 to refresh your memory.

For each of the following forces, first describe the force (magnitude and direction) and then predict the
motion of the ball. How close were you? Don't forget to determine how the initial position and velocity affect
the motion of the ball for each force.

Fx Fy x0 x0 v0x v0x
1 1 0 0 0 0
1 -1 0 0 0 0
-x -2*y 10 10 0 0
-0.5*vx -9.8-0.5*vy -20 0 20 20

a. Describe the motion for the first force.

i. Comments on the shape of the path the ball follows.

ii. Discuss the velocity of the object.

iii. Discuss the acceleration of the object.

b. Describe the motion for the second force in the table
i. Comments on the shape of the path the ball follows.

ii. Discuss the velocity of the object.

iii. Discuss the acceleration of the object.

c. Describe the motion for the third force.

i. Comments on the shape of the path the ball follows.

ii. Discuss the velocity of the object.

iii. Discuss the acceleration of the object.

d. Describe the motion for the last force.
i. Comments on the shape of the path the ball follows.

ii. Discuss the velocity of the object.

iii. Discuss the acceleration of the object.