Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1. Deranged Physiology
3. Required Reading
4. Respiratory system
This list is neither exhaustive (listing every valve and bolt) nor
sufficiently broad to cover every possible variation on this
theme. Rather, it was designed to cover the main components
which one might find inside a normal ICU ventilator, a
transport ventilator, or an anaesthesia ventilator. The specific
functions of these components are discussed in greater detail in
the subsequent chapters of this section. It would certainly be
pointless to take this subject back to a time when “an
average clinician could …completely disassemble
and reassemble a mechanical ventilator as a
training exercise or to perform repairs”, but some
detail is probably warranted, given our reliance on these
devices.
There are not many good peer-reviewed resources for the topic
of ventilator design, but wherever one looks one finds an article
by Robert L. Chatburn. For instance, much of this chapter is
based on the excellent article by Chatburn & Branson
(1992) which discusses an all-encompassing taxonomy to
classify mechanical ventilator systems. Chatburn seems to have
been writing about mechanical ventilation since 1982 and was
invited to write the classification chapter for
Tobin’s Principles and Practice of Mechanical
Ventilation (p.45 - Chapter 2 of the 3rd Ed, 2012). He is also
the co-author of Chapter 3 from the same book (“Basic
Principles of Ventilator Design”, p. 65-95).
Mechanical Alarms
Pneumatic Fluidic
Electric Input power alarms
Electronic o Loss of electric power
o Loss of pneumatic power
Control variables Control circuit alarms
o General systems failure
Pressure o Incompatible ventilator settings
Volume o Warnings (e.g., inverse inspiratory-to-exp
Time ratio)
Output alarms (high/low conditions)
Phase variables o Pressure
o Trigger o Volume
o Target o Flow
o Cycle o Time
o Baseline Frequency
Modes of ventilation Inspiratory time
Expiratory time
Control variable o Inspired gas
Breath sequence Temperature
Targeting schemes FIO2
Previous chapter: Principles of measuring pCO2
with the Severinghaus electrode
Next chapter: Power and gas supply
requirements for mechanical ventilators
References
Chatburn, Robert L.; Branson R. "Classification of Mechanical
Ventilators." Respiratory Care 37.9 (1992): 1009-1025
Chatburn, Robert L. "Classification of mechanical ventilators
and modes of ventilation." Principles and practice of
mechanical ventilation. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill
(2012).
Kacmarek R., Chipman D.; “Basic Principles of Ventilator
Machinery.” In Tobin MJ (ed): Principles and Practice of
Mechanical Ventilation. New York, McGraw-Hill, 2006 (2nd
Ed) p 53-96
Chatburn, R.L; Mireles-Cabodevila. E. “Basic principles of
ventilator design.” In Tobin MJ (ed): Principles and Practice of
Mechanical Ventilation. New York, McGraw-Hill, 2006 (3rd
Ed) p.65-95
Mushin, William W., et al. Automatic ventilation of the lungs.
ed. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford and Edinburgh,
1969.
Chatburn, Robert L. "A new system for understanding
mechanical ventilators." Respiratory care 36.10 (1991): 1123.
Chatburn, Robert L. "Fundamentals of mechanical ventilation."
Cleveland Heights: Mandu Press Ltd (2003).
Branson RD, Hess DR, Chatburn RL. “Respiratory Care
Equipment.” 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams &
Wilkins; 1999.
MacIntyre, Neil. "Design Features of Modern Mechanical
Ventilators." Clinics in chest medicine 37.4 (2016): 607-613.
Sinclair, Colin M., Muthu K. Thadsad, and Ian
Barker. "Modern anaesthetic machines." Continuing Education
in Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain 6.2 (2006): 75-78.
Thille, Arnaud W., et al. "A bench study of intensive-care-unit
ventilators: new versus old and turbine-based versus
compressed gas-based ventilators." Intensive care medicine
35.8 (2009): 1368-1376.
[Submit a comment or correction]
© Alex Yartsev
2013-2019